Tourist trails as a linear form of tourist infrastructure fulfill various functions(i.e. recreational, ecological, economic, social, ensuring safety). They are especially important in national parks, where in selected...Tourist trails as a linear form of tourist infrastructure fulfill various functions(i.e. recreational, ecological, economic, social, ensuring safety). They are especially important in national parks, where in selected areas tourist penetration is allowed only along specially designed, official routes. A well-planned layout of tourist trails with appropriate facilities can help to limit the negative consequences of tourist pressure on protected natural areas. The aim of the article is a comparison of offers for active tourists in two mountain national parks(the Krkono?e National Park in the Czech Republic and the Peneda-Gerês National Park in Portugal), taking into consideration the marked hiking trails – the most frequently used type of tourist trails. As a result the level of area coverage by the networks of hiking trails was assessed, as well as their adequateness towards the needs of tourists. The descriptive analysis was based on author's personal observations. In the examination of hiking trails as part of a system, some elements of the graph theory were used, especially coefficients for topologic analysis of spatial structure. This method enables simplification of a network, comparison of various areas and making some assumptions concerning tourist infrastructure, which is a crucial factor while analyzing trails from a tourists' point of view. In both analyzed national parks the relief is quite similar, as well as their locations near national borders, what justifies the choice of the areas scrutinized in the paper. What differ them are patterns of tourism development and the current ways of undertaking active tourism. Not similarities but the two latter factors resulted in a distinct character of the two compared networks of trails and facilities connected with them. The system of hiking trails and tourist infrastructure seem better developed in the Krkono?e National Park, what can be explained by historical and social conditions, especially the adopted model of hiking. In the article some disadvantages of tourist infrastructure in both protected areas were presented, as well as some suggestions in terms of its development, resulting from the analysis of networks of hiking trails.展开更多
This paper introduces a parking management system based on a wireless sensor network developed by our group. The system consists of a large amount of parking space monitoring nodes, a few parking guiding nodes, a sink...This paper introduces a parking management system based on a wireless sensor network developed by our group. The system consists of a large amount of parking space monitoring nodes, a few parking guiding nodes, a sink node and a management station. All the nodes exchange information with each other through wireless communication. The prototype of the parking management system has been implemented and the preliminary test results show that the performance of the system can satisfy the requirements of the application.展开更多
In order to diminish the impacts of external disturbance such as parking speed fluctuation and model uncertainty existing in steering kinematics, this paper presents a parallel path tracking method for vehicle based o...In order to diminish the impacts of external disturbance such as parking speed fluctuation and model uncertainty existing in steering kinematics, this paper presents a parallel path tracking method for vehicle based on preview back propagation(BP) neural network PID controller. The forward BP neural network can adjust the parameters of PID controller in real time. The preview time is optimized by considering path curvature, change in curvature and road boundaries. A fuzzy controller considering barriers and different road conditions is built to select the starting position. In addition, a kind of path planning technology satisfying the requirement of obstacle avoidance is introduced. In order to solve the problem of discontinuous curvature, cubic B spline curve is used for curve fitting. The simulation results and real vehicle tests validate the effectiveness of the proposed path planning and tracking methods.展开更多
In today’s smart city transportation,traffic congestion is a vexing issue,and vehicles seeking parking spaces have been identified as one of the causes leading to approximately 40%of traffic congestion.Identifying pa...In today’s smart city transportation,traffic congestion is a vexing issue,and vehicles seeking parking spaces have been identified as one of the causes leading to approximately 40%of traffic congestion.Identifying parking spaces alone is insufficient because an identified available parking space may have been taken by another vehicle when it arrives,resulting in the driver’s frustration and aggravating traffic jams while searching for another parking space.This explains the need to predict the availability of parking spaces.Recently,deep learning(DL)has been shown to facilitate drivers to find parking spaces efficiently,leading to a promising performance enhancement in parking identification and prediction systems.However,no work reviews DL approaches applied to solve parking identification and prediction problems.Inspired by this gap,the purpose of this work is to investigate,highlight,and report on recent advances inDLapproaches applied to predict and identify the availability of parking spaces.Ataxonomy of DL-based parking identification and prediction systems is established as a methodology by classifying and categorizing existing literature,and by doing so,the salient and supportive features of different DL techniques for providing parking solutions are presented.Moreover,several open research challenges are outlined.This work identifies that there are various DL architectures,datasets,and performance measures used to address parking identification and prediction problems.Moreover,there are some open-source implementations available that can be used directly either to extend existing works or explore a new domain.This is the first short survey article that focuses on the use of DL-based techniques in parking identification and prediction systems for smart cities.This study concludes that although the deployment of DL in parking identification and prediction systems provides various benefits,the convergence of these two types of systems and DL brings about new issues that must be resolved in the near future.展开更多
文摘Tourist trails as a linear form of tourist infrastructure fulfill various functions(i.e. recreational, ecological, economic, social, ensuring safety). They are especially important in national parks, where in selected areas tourist penetration is allowed only along specially designed, official routes. A well-planned layout of tourist trails with appropriate facilities can help to limit the negative consequences of tourist pressure on protected natural areas. The aim of the article is a comparison of offers for active tourists in two mountain national parks(the Krkono?e National Park in the Czech Republic and the Peneda-Gerês National Park in Portugal), taking into consideration the marked hiking trails – the most frequently used type of tourist trails. As a result the level of area coverage by the networks of hiking trails was assessed, as well as their adequateness towards the needs of tourists. The descriptive analysis was based on author's personal observations. In the examination of hiking trails as part of a system, some elements of the graph theory were used, especially coefficients for topologic analysis of spatial structure. This method enables simplification of a network, comparison of various areas and making some assumptions concerning tourist infrastructure, which is a crucial factor while analyzing trails from a tourists' point of view. In both analyzed national parks the relief is quite similar, as well as their locations near national borders, what justifies the choice of the areas scrutinized in the paper. What differ them are patterns of tourism development and the current ways of undertaking active tourism. Not similarities but the two latter factors resulted in a distinct character of the two compared networks of trails and facilities connected with them. The system of hiking trails and tourist infrastructure seem better developed in the Krkono?e National Park, what can be explained by historical and social conditions, especially the adopted model of hiking. In the article some disadvantages of tourist infrastructure in both protected areas were presented, as well as some suggestions in terms of its development, resulting from the analysis of networks of hiking trails.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China (60373049) National Basic Research Program of P.R.China (2006CB 3030000)
文摘This paper introduces a parking management system based on a wireless sensor network developed by our group. The system consists of a large amount of parking space monitoring nodes, a few parking guiding nodes, a sink node and a management station. All the nodes exchange information with each other through wireless communication. The prototype of the parking management system has been implemented and the preliminary test results show that the performance of the system can satisfy the requirements of the application.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11072106,No.51005133 and No.51375009)
文摘In order to diminish the impacts of external disturbance such as parking speed fluctuation and model uncertainty existing in steering kinematics, this paper presents a parallel path tracking method for vehicle based on preview back propagation(BP) neural network PID controller. The forward BP neural network can adjust the parameters of PID controller in real time. The preview time is optimized by considering path curvature, change in curvature and road boundaries. A fuzzy controller considering barriers and different road conditions is built to select the starting position. In addition, a kind of path planning technology satisfying the requirement of obstacle avoidance is introduced. In order to solve the problem of discontinuous curvature, cubic B spline curve is used for curve fitting. The simulation results and real vehicle tests validate the effectiveness of the proposed path planning and tracking methods.
文摘In today’s smart city transportation,traffic congestion is a vexing issue,and vehicles seeking parking spaces have been identified as one of the causes leading to approximately 40%of traffic congestion.Identifying parking spaces alone is insufficient because an identified available parking space may have been taken by another vehicle when it arrives,resulting in the driver’s frustration and aggravating traffic jams while searching for another parking space.This explains the need to predict the availability of parking spaces.Recently,deep learning(DL)has been shown to facilitate drivers to find parking spaces efficiently,leading to a promising performance enhancement in parking identification and prediction systems.However,no work reviews DL approaches applied to solve parking identification and prediction problems.Inspired by this gap,the purpose of this work is to investigate,highlight,and report on recent advances inDLapproaches applied to predict and identify the availability of parking spaces.Ataxonomy of DL-based parking identification and prediction systems is established as a methodology by classifying and categorizing existing literature,and by doing so,the salient and supportive features of different DL techniques for providing parking solutions are presented.Moreover,several open research challenges are outlined.This work identifies that there are various DL architectures,datasets,and performance measures used to address parking identification and prediction problems.Moreover,there are some open-source implementations available that can be used directly either to extend existing works or explore a new domain.This is the first short survey article that focuses on the use of DL-based techniques in parking identification and prediction systems for smart cities.This study concludes that although the deployment of DL in parking identification and prediction systems provides various benefits,the convergence of these two types of systems and DL brings about new issues that must be resolved in the near future.
