DEVELOPING AN ENERGY BENCHMARKING SYSTEM FOR HOTEL BUILDINGS USING THE STATISTICAL METHOD AND THE SIMULATION-BASED APPROACH

Due to increased tourist activity,many cities now have a large number of hotel buildings.It is necessary to establish measures to evaluate energy use intensity to effectively manage energy consumption in this sector.This study uses a combined strategy to establish an energy benchmark for hotel buildings in Vietnam.First,a survey and analysis of actual building stock data of 50 hotels in Danang,Vietnam,was conducted.The survey-based benchmark and its related data was then used to build a reference energy model to estimate an energy benchmark for other climatic regions in Vietnam by using the energy simulation method.The results reveal that the average energy use intensity for hotels in Danang was 87.4 kWh/m2.year or 8628.6 kWh/guestroom.year.However,this study proposes that because of the differing expectations of comfort standards,hotels of different grades should have separate benchmarks.This study also proposes an energy intensity-based rating scale,including 7 grades from the least energy intensive(grade A)to the most energy intensive(grade G),which can be used to manage,label,or encourage sustainable energy use in hotel buildings.The relationship between the energy use intensity and the occupancy rate of the hotels was reported,compared,and explained.It was found that occupancy rate has no significant impact on the energy use intensity.From the survey result,some predictive models were developed to estimate annual energy consumption of hotel buildings based on their grades.The simulated benchmarks for other regions were also achieved.The results demonstrate many potential applications in the management,design and construction,and renovation of this building type.

Satellite Derived Geospatial Irrigation Performance Indicators for Benchmarking Studies of Irrigation Systems

Development of irrigation infrastructure and its efficient management is the primary concern for sustainable food production. The assessment of irrigation infrastructure creation, its utilization, diagnostic evaluation of the various performance indices (monitoring) are important to measure the efficiency. Benchmarking of Irrigation Systems (BIS) is for the diagnostic analysis of irrigation performance indicators comprising of Irrigation Infrastructure System (IIS), Agricultural System (AS), Water Delivery Dynamics (WDD). Since, the performance of an irrigation command varies with space and time, utilization of spatial information technologies viz. Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) useful to provide spatial information on several indices in the process of benchmarking (BM). Information requirements for BIS at different stages, utilization of spatial information technologies to derive irrigation performance indicators was discussed with suitable examples and demonstrated in this study. The studies carried out indicates that the geospatial approach for BIS enabled the improvements in data collection methods, diagnostic analysis, spatio-temporal visualisation of BM indicators at disaggregated canal level which would be useful for decision support during the corrective management measures. The conjunctive use of multi-date (medium resolution) satellite data, high spatial resolution data, field data on water deliveries was found to be an alternative to the conventional non-spatial approaches for BIS and thereby better water resources planning and management.

Medium-term Air Quality Benchmarking for Ecosystem Monitoring and Sustainability Planning: Case Study Dallas County (U.S.A.) 2015 to 2020

Medium-term air quality assessment,benchmarking it to recent past data can usefully complement short-term air quality index data for monitoring purposes.By using daily and monthly averaged data,medium-term air quality benchmarking provides a distinctive perspective with which to monitor air quality for sustainability planning and ecosystem perspectives.By normalizing the data for individual air pollutants to a standard scale they can be more easily integrated to generate a daily combined local area benchmark(CLAB).The objectives of the study are to demonstrate that medium-term air quality benchmarking can be tailored to reflect local conditions by selecting the most relevant pollutants to incorporate in the CLAB indicator.Such a benchmark can provide an overall air quality assessment for areas of interest.A case study is presented for Dallas County(U.S.A.)applying the proposed method by benchmarking 2020 data for air pollutants to their trends established for 2015 to 2019.Six air pollutants considered are:ozone,carbon monoxide,nitrogen dioxide,sulfur dioxide,benzene and particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres.These pollutants are assessed individually and in terms of CLAB,and their 2020 variations for Dallas County compared to daily trends established for years 2015 to 2019.Reductions in benzene and carbon monoxide during much of 2020 are clearly discernible compared to preceding years.The CLAB indicator shows clear seasonal trends for air quality for 2015 to 2019 with high pollution in winter and spring compared to other seasons that is strongly influenced by climatic variations with some anthropogenic inputs.Conducting CLAB analysis on an ongoing basis,using a relevant near-past time interval for benchmarking that covers several years,can reveal useful monthly,seasonal and annual trends in overall air quality.This type of medium-term,benchmarked air quality data analysis is well suited for ecosystem monitoring.

浅析数字化在汽车Benchmarking中的应用

竞争车解析对标是汽车Benchmarking的基础工作,现行业竞争车解析对标参数采集均依靠人工作业,工作效率低下。结合业务实践,文章研究了一套自动拍照、自动称重的数字化信息采集系统,通过软硬件结合实现竞争车解析对标参数采集、数据整理、数据传输等全链条业务自动化。该方法的运用可大幅提升整车Benchmarking工作效率,进而缩短产品开发周期,实现效率与效益双提升。

Benchmarking技术在汽车开发领域中的应用

介绍了Benchmarking技术的概念;综合国内外汽车发展的历史和现状,针对我国汽车开发经验、知识积累不足问题,引入了Benchmarking技术的样车分析技术体系,细化了样车Benchmarking的流程,说明了Benchmarking技术的应用过程。最后介绍了目前Benchmarking技术在汽车开发知识库系统中的应用现状。

Benchmarking：竞争情报的一种重要手段

Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的有关内容是竞争情报的重要组成部分。Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的理论和方法是随着竞争情报的发展而发展起来的。本文从Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的由来、基本概念、种类等步骤方面较为全面地论述了Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ的有关情况，希望能引起对Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ这一竞争情报重要手段研究的重视。

用Benchmarking方法分析我校信息管理与信息系统专业建设及发展

本文针对我校信息管理专业的实际情况,以上海交大作为比较对象,用Benchmarking方法从人才培养、管理科学、社会服务等方面作为比较内容,提出赶超对策和实施计划,最后总结了文中的不足。

NoSQL数据库实践教学:结合Benchmarking的方法

随着大数据、人工智能时代的到来,NoSQL数据库对工业界和学术界的影响也愈加深入,如何培养学生的NoSQL实践应用能力成为关键问题。但是,受限于学分设定、实验环境等,当前高校对于相关课程的开设和教学力度不够,学生缺少相关的NoSQL数据库实践能力,与业界所需大数据能力的鸿沟越拉越大。针对该问题,介绍所在团队在过去5年中,基于双层学习模式开展NoSQL数据库实践教学的经验。结合Benchmarking方法,根据学生的课程评价和反馈,验证了该教学模式取得了较好的实践教学效果。

超越自我：Benchmarking的再研究

Benchmarking在英文中的原义是“板凳标尺”，中文有的译作“定标赶超”，“标尺”等，还有译为形象化的“见贤思齐”。实际上它是一种企业管理的工具，即“学习、复制、创新”的过程。对于Benchmarking，有多种说法。

基于DEA-Benchmarking模型的双层成本控制绩效评价

本文运用DEA-Benchmarking模型对制造企业双层成本控制绩效进行评价。然后选取DA企业机加车间7个班组成本相关数据构造7组标杆单元,进行DEA评价,判断成本控制效率,验证了双层成本控制的科学性与先进性。

基于Benchmarking的轿车手动变速器关键指标的分析和评价

以轿车手动变速器评价指标为研究对象,应用Benchmarking技术对同一规格的样机进行评价指标的详细分析,最后采用决策矩阵法进行定性的评价。

A Pragmatic Approach for Assessing the Economic Performance of Model Predictive Control Systems and Its Industrial Application

In this article,an approach for economic performance assessment of model predictive control(MPC) system is presented.The method builds on steady-state economic optimization techniques and uses the linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) benchmark other than conventional minimum variance control(MVC) to estimate the potential of reduction in variance.The LQG control is a more practical performance benchmark compared to MVC for performance assessment since it considers input variance and output variance,and it thus provides a desired basis for determining the theoretical maximum economic benefit potential arising from variability reduction.Combining the LQG benchmark directly with benefit potential of MPC control system,both the economic benefit and the optimal operation condition can be obtained by solving the economic optimization problem.The proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulated example as well as application to economic performance assessment of an industrial model predictive control system.

Methods and Practices for Institutional Benchmarking based on Research Impact and Competitiveness: A Case Study of ShanghaiTech University

Purpose: To develop and test a mission-oriented and multi-dimensional benchmarking method for a small scale university aiming for internationally first-class basic research.Design/methodology/approach: An individualized evidence-based assessment scheme was employed to benchmark ShanghaiTech University against selected top research institutions,focusing on research impact and competitiveness at the institutional and disciplinary levels.Topic maps opposing ShanghaiTech and corresponding top institutions were produced for the main research disciplines of ShanghaiTech. This provides opportunities for further exploration of strengths and weakness. Findings: This study establishes a preliminary framework for assessing the mission of the university. It further provides assessment principles, assessment questions, and indicators.Analytical methods and data sources were tested and proved to be applicable and efficient.Research limitations: To better fit the selective research focuses of this university, its schema of research disciplines needs to be re-organized and benchmarking targets should include disciplinary top institutions and not necessarily those universities leading overall rankings.Current reliance on research articles and certain databases may neglect important research output types.Practical implications: This study provides a working framework and practical methods for mission-oriented, individual, and multi-dimensional benchmarking that ShanghaiTech decided to use for periodical assessments. It also offers a working reference for other institutions to adapt. Further needs are identified so that ShanghaiTech can tackle them for future benchmarking.Originality/value: This is an effort to develop a mission-oriented, individually designed,systematically structured, and multi-dimensional assessment methodology which differs from often used composite indices.

Benchmarking Approach to Compare Web Applications Static Analysis Tools Detecting OWASP Top Ten Security Vulnerabilities

To detect security vulnerabilities in a web application,the security analyst must choose the best performance Security Analysis Static Tool(SAST)in terms of discovering the greatest number of security vulnerabilities as possible.To compare static analysis tools for web applications,an adapted benchmark to the vulnerability categories included in the known standard Open Web Application Security Project(OWASP)Top Ten project is required.The information of the security effectiveness of a commercial static analysis tool is not usually a publicly accessible research and the state of the art on static security tool analyzers shows that the different design and implementation of those tools has different effectiveness rates in terms of security performance.Given the significant cost of commercial tools,this paper studies the performance of seven static tools using a new methodology proposal and a new benchmark designed for vulnerability categories included in the known standard OWASP Top Ten project.Thus,the practitioners will have more precise information to select the best tool using a benchmark adapted to the last versions of OWASP Top Ten project.The results of this work have been obtaining using widely acceptable metrics to classify them according to three different degree of web application criticality.

Integrated Design and Accuracy Analysis of Star Sensor and Gyro on the Same Benchmark for Satellite Attitude Determination System

As an important sensor in the navigation systems,star sensors and the gyro play important roles in spacecraft attitude determination system.Complex environmental factors are the main sources of error in attitude determination.The error influence of different benchmarks and the disintegration mode between the star sensor and the gyro is analyzed in theory.The integrated design of the star sensor and the gyro on the same benchmark can effectively avoid the error influence and improves the spacecraft attitude determination accuracy.Simulation results indicate that when the stars sensor optical axis vectors overlap the reference coordinate axis of the gyro in the same benchmark,the attitude determination accuracy improves.

Benchmarking及其在环境管理中的应用

随着社会竞争以及环境意识的加强 ,环境管理显得尤为重要。Benchmarking就是一种有效的环境管理手段。但benchmarking在国内的应用为数不多 ,本文以benchmarking在啤酒行业中的应用为例介绍了benchmarking的概念、实施步骤。

Shrinkage Behaviour of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron in Green and Dry Sand Molds for the Benchmarking of Solidification Simulation

The effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroidal graphite cast iron have been studied, considering the parameters of carbon equivalent, inoculation, casting modulus, mold type (green or dry) and pouring temperature within specific ranges of these variables. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the metallurgical and processing parameters of the minimum casting shrinkage and the maximum casting shrinkage were obtained, and the effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroids graphite cast iron castings were discussed. Finally, two regression equations relating these variables to the formation of shrinkage porosity were derived based upon the orthogonal experiments conducted.

Clinical Engineering Benchmarking Comparison Between Zhejiang Province and American Hospitals

Clinical engineering(CE) has evolved rapidly over the last 25 years in China. Among the 34 provincial-level administrative units within China, the Zhejiang Province is one of the most advanced in terms of healthcare technology maintenance and management. In order to determine Zhejiang's current stage of development and opportunities for further improvement, a comparison of the performance of its CE departments was made against hospitals in the USA. Data were collected from 21 Zhejiang hospitals and compared to those from 270 acute-care hospitals in USA collected by Truven Health Analytics. The benchmarking comparison was made in three categories: operational, financial, and productivity. Within the operational category, the following metrics were compared: equipment inventory size/operating beds, annual repairs/inventory size, and annual scheduled maintenance/inventory size. Within the Financial category, the following metrics were compared: total CE expense/operating beds and total CE expense/total hospital expense. Within the Productivity category, the following metrics were compared: total CE full-time equivalent(FTE)/inventory size and total CE FTE/total hospital expense. These comparisons showed that:(1) While the equipment inventory in Zhejiang tends to be much smaller than USA for hospitals of comparable amount of operating beds, the numbers of repairs and scheduled maintenance per inventory size are similar;(2) The total CE expense/total hospital expense ratio is around 1% in both Zhejiang and USA; however, the total CE expense/operating beds and total CE expense/cost of equipment inventory are significantly lower in Zhejiang than USA;(3) The FTE amount in Zhejiang is significantly higher than in USA relative to both inventory size and total hospital operating expense, but significantly lower relative to the number of operating beds. The fact that repairs and scheduled maintenance are similar in Zhejiang and USA shows that CE leaders are managing equipment in comparable manner. Most of the differences found in the comparisons were traced to a few factors. First, the average length of stay in China is substantially higher than USA, which explains why hospitals in Zhejiang tend to have more operating beds but fewer pieces of equipment. Second, labor cost is significantly lower in China than USA, thus allowing Zhejiang hospitals to employ more workers than their American counterparts. Third, there is significantly difference in the cost of living between China and USA; Finally, being public entities Chinese hospitals are managed and operated in a different manner than American hospitals, which are mostly private, albeit nonprofit organizations. Nonetheless, it is interesting to note that hospitals in both areas spend roughly 1% of their total expenditure for CE. The results suggest that CE in Zhejiang is comparable to USA in terms of managerial excellence but there could be some room for improvement in financial management and productivity.