A study on the influencing factors of rural tourism promoting households'shared prosperity in Yinan County of Shandong Province

This study examines the influencing factors of rural tourism in promoting shared prosperity among households,using the case study of Yinan County in Shandong province,China.The research aims to provide insights into the economic benefits experienced by low-income households in the context of rural tourism development.Based on field research conducted from April 8,2023,to May 17,2023,including interviews and site visits,the study constructs an evaluation index system to assess the influencing factors.Through expert scoring and the application of a weighted set-valued mathematical statistical model,the importance and quantification of each factor are determined.The results indicate that the current stage of promoting shared prosperity through rural tourism in Yinan County is primarily influenced by the scale of tourist consumption of external visitors.This factor outweighs others such as the participation capacity and willingness of low-income households,the capacity of investment enterprises,and the policies and financial allocation of the local government.The findings emphasize the significance of external visitor spending and highlight the need to address the obstacles faced by low-income households in accessing economic benefits.The evaluation index system and measurement model presented in this study offer a scientific basis for assessing and improving the income situation of low-income households in rural tourism development initiatives.However,it is crucial to note that the importance of these influencing factors may evolve with the lifecycle of the tourism destination.Future research should include long-term tracking and consider a broader range of indicators to deepen our understanding of their mechanisms and significance.Furthermore,alternative approaches and theories may provide valuable perspectives for further exploration in this field.

Connecting the World with Shared Benefits

“New Era,Shared Future.”On November5th,the first China International Import Expo(hereafter referred as CIIE)was grandly opened.With a total exhibition area of300,000square meters,the first session of the CIIE attracted more than3,600companies from172countries,regions and international organizations,and over400,000purchasers from China as well as overseas to explore business deals.

Determination of the Size of a Proposed Bike-Sharing Program in Las Vegas, Nevada

Bike-share systems have been installed in cities worldwide as a way to attract travelers to use transit rather than the automobile. This has been proved to be an effective way of mitigating congestion on the road. The objective of this study is to develop a method to determine the size of the bike-share program in terms of the number of bicycles, the number and location of the stations, the number of docks at each station. To achieve the objectives of this study, a literature review was conducted on university bike-sharing systems in the U.S. and abroad. Various cases of bike-share programs were analyzed, in which each case consisted of a different number and location of bike-share stations. The demand corresponding to these stations was used as the input to a simulation model developed in this study to determine the number of docks in stations and bicycles in the system on and around campus at UNLV. These sizing parameters of the bike-share system then were used in a cost and benefit analysis to determine which cases could achieve maximum benefit, given a limitation of the initial costs. It was found that provision of one peripheral station and three internal stations at strategic locations provide relatively higher benefit cost ratio at lower initial cost.

Compensation and benefit sharing: Why resettlement policies and practices must be reformed

Many public and private sector projects, such as hydropower dams or mines, trigger forced population displacement but fail to resettle people sustainably and instead cause their impoverishment. Social science research has found that one root cause of such failures and of impoverishment is asset dispossession and the insufficient financing of resettlement. Most governments, however, state that (1) compensation alone is sufficient for restoring the income and livelihood of those displaced, and (2) resources to supplement compensation with additional financing are not available. The author critiques and rejects these positions. He offers a theoretical analysis of the limits and flaws of compensation payments for expropriated assets, and argues that resources are available for supplementing compensation with financial investments for resettlers’ development. The sources for supplementary financing are the economic rent (windfall profits) generated by natural resource projects such as hydropower or mining and the regular stream of benefits generated by all projects that require resettlement. Further, the author argues that financial investments in resettlers’ welfare are indispensable and that benefit sharing is feasible. Therefore, both should become basic principles of resettlement legislation and practice. In addition to theoretical analysis, the author documents with empirical evidence that some countries (China, Brazil, Canada, Columbia and Japan) already make investments additional to compensation for post-displacement reconstruction. The author sums up his argument in these key points: (1).Compensation alone cannot prevent the impoverishment of resettlers and cannot in itself restore and improve their livelihoods; (2).Additional financing is needed for direct investments in resettlement with development; (3).Compensation levels must be increased; (4).Financing resources are available in most cases for investing in resettlers’ development, but allocation of investments depends on the political will of governments and project owners; (5).Firm opposition to displacement and under-compensation is growing in many countries and the strength of resettlers’ demands and political opposition does influence allocation levels; (6).Mechanisms for benefit sharing and transfer are known and effective and these mechanisms can be adjusted to different country and economic sector conditions; (7).The introduction of benefit-sharing rules requires legislative enactment for robust application.

Bio-Piracy on the High Seas? Benefit Sharing from Marine Genetic Resource Exploitation in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

Transnational benefit sharing from the exploitation of Marine Genetic Resources’ (MGR’s) in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) presents a unique problem in international law. Proposals to govern MGR’s in ABNJ include leaving them unregulated, governance under the International Seabed Authority (ISA) or the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) or implementing a new international regime. This paper demonstrates that a hybrid solution for MGR governance?under the ISA which is modeled on the CBD and The Nagoya Protocol (Nagoya), provides the most adroit solution to the problem of equal benefit and access to MGR’s for all States. This solution ensures adequate conservation of MGR’s, meanwhile fostering sustainable exploitation and maintaining equality in access, biodiversity and the sharing of financial and technological benefits amongst the internationalcommunity. Further, examining benefit sharing from bioprospecting under the CBD and Nagoya provides a foundation for a benefit-sharing regime in ABNJ under The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Examining the CBD, Nagoya and UNCLOS demonstrates how benefits arising from exploitation of MGR’s in the high seas and deep bed should be included as a mandate of the ISA. This methodology is accomplished by focusing on bioprospecting for MGR’s and how the CBD and Nagoya facilitate access to the resource while ensuring that the host State or community benefits from granting access. As the CBD and Nagoya focus on benefit sharing in light of national sovereignty, and UNCLOS regulates in areas beyond national jurisdiction, the ISA is perfectly placed to adopt the principles of the CBD and Nagoya and provide a mechanism to ensure that MGR’s in ABNJ are adequately conserved and the benefits arising from their exploitation equitably shared.

Global Value Chain Optimization Effect of the Belt and Road Initiative-From the Perspective of Improving Participating Countries’Position in the Division of Labor

To promote the reconstruction and optimization of the global value chains(GVCs),it is essential to tackle the prominent contradictions and problems including inequality of opportunity and status in the evolution of the GVC division of labor.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)promoted by China has obtained remarkable achievements in this regard;however,there lacks sound theoretical and empirical evidence as to whether the BRI has driven the GVCs to develop towards a more equitable direction.This paper employs the difference-in-differences model to empirically analyze the GVC optimization effect of the BRI.In addition,on the basis of the so-called“five-pronged approach”index,the paper uses the mediating effect model to test the mechanism of influence.The empirical results suggest that the BRI has helped participating countries along the routes to increase their position in GVC division of labor significantly through the mediating mechanism of four out of the“five-pronged approach”,namely policy coordination,road connectivity,unimpeded trade,and currency convertibility.The strengthening of and closer people-to-people ties has not yet appeared to be an effective mediator,and a possible explanation may be that its influence is indirect and lagging.

Contracts in the payments for ecosystem services: the case of bio-prospecting

We examine the economics of royalties in bioprospecting contracts between a pharmaceutical and genetic resource supplier (local), with an eye to understanding the relative advantages of indexing royalty payments to gross revenue or net revenue. We show a risk-averse f irm facing only production or only cost risks will index royalties to net revenue. When facing both types of risk, the choice of royalty type depends on the relative magnitudes of the pro-duction and cost risk. In each case, the risk-averse f irm chooses the royalty-type that shifts as much risk as possible to the local. When the local is risk neutral, the pharmaceutical's and local's preferences are compatible. If the local is risk averse and there is only one type of risk, it will prefer a gross revenue royalty, and shift as much risk as pos-sible to the fi rm: here the local and fi rm preferences are compatible only if the fi rm is risk-neutral. Lastly, we show if the f irm sets the terms of the contract, and both agents are risk averse, the f irm will not likely volunteer to imple-ment the socially optimal royalty arrangement as it prefers to shift as much risk to the local, who now also prefers a more certain return. This last outcome is at the heart of the benef it sharing discussion and suggests if risk sharing and equity are a concern in benef it sharing, then the choice of royalty type can be an important part of negotiations between pharmaceuticals and locals for the phytochemical from nature for new drug discovery.

基于TOPSIS-Shapley值法的梯级水电站补偿效益分摊研究

针对流域内联合电站数目众多但利益分配存在纠纷的情况,旨在提出一种更为合理的梯级电站利益分配方法。基于Shapley值法和TOPSIS法,综合考虑电站贡献及电站对不同客观分摊方法的相对满意程度,建立TOPSIS-Shapley值法梯级电站补偿效益分摊模型,同时为解决Shapley值法在求解多利益主体梯级电站联合调度增益分配问题中的局限性,引入聚合降维思想。模型思路如下:将上游电站联合调度前后梯级发电效益的增量作为补偿效益,首先采取四种不同的客观分摊方法对电站特性参数指标进行计算,构成TOPSIS的基础决策矩阵,利用TOPSIS原理得出电站对各个分摊方法的相对满意度,同时采用联盟博弈理论,计算电站所有可能联盟方式下的发电效益,得到基于Shapley值的补偿效益分摊结果,最后将TOPSIS原理得出的分摊系数与由Shapley值法所得的分摊系数结合形成综合分摊权重,应用于黑河上游的八级电站补偿效益分摊中。工程应用实例表明:该方法不仅考虑了联盟电站对整体的边际贡献和各电站的分摊满意程度,且兼顾了电站的特性指标差异,合理量化和分配了各电站间的发电补偿效益,分摊结果公平合理、易被各方接受,可促进流域各级电站参与联合调度从而达到整体效益最大的目标,对于数量较多的梯级水电站补偿效益分配问题具有重要参考意义。

CEV模型下目标收益型养老金的最优投资和支付策略

该文研究了目标收益计划下养老金的最优投资策略和支付策略.养老金的支付取决于计划的财务状况,且风险由不同代人分担.养老基金可以投资于无风险资产和风险资产,其中风险资产价格由几何布朗运动模型推广为常方差弹性(CEV)模型来驱动.以最小化收益风险和福利风险的组合为目标,利用动态规划原理和HJB方程,推导出了最优投资策略和最优福利调整的闭型解.最后,数值实例分析了模型参数对控制问题的影响.

全面理解中国式社会治理现代化的四重维度

中国式社会治理现代化是中国式现代化事业的重要组成部分,是价值立场、思想方法、话语原则和实践旨归的有机统一。中国式社会治理现代化坚持人民至上的价值立场,在马克思主义对资本主义批判的理论基础上超越了西方纯粹工具理性导致单向度物质文明和维护资本利益的社会治理价值偏差,实现了“人”的价值理性的回归;秉持守正创新的思想方法,走出一条不同于西方社会治理模式和传统社会治理范式的中国特色社会主义社会治理现代化之路,拓展了社会治理现代化发展空间;坚持自信自立,不断推进社会治理话语创新,消除对西式话语的依赖,强化对社会治理现代化的体系化、学理化研究,做到既不封闭僵化,也不食洋不化;坚持共建共治共享,建设社会治理共同体,凝聚社会治理价值共识,健全社会治理体制机制,共享社会治理发展成果,筑牢社会治理道路根基。

The Private Benefits of Corporate Control:Evidence from China

By analyzing block share transfers in China during 1999-2006,this study provides estimates of the private benefits of corporate control in China.We find that those controlling blocks are usually priced at a significant positive premium compared to those comparable non-controlling blocks.The benefits of corporate control vary with shareholders structure,firm characteristics and institutional variables.In particular,targets with a high intangible asset ratio have less benefits of control,cross-listing in B or H shares curbs the extract of private benefits and companies acquired by private firms are associated with higher private benefits.Moreover,it is found that benefits of control are negatively associated with market economy and factor market development index.We argue that firms with higher private benefits experience more tunneling activities by their controlling shareholders.

不同成本收益摊配机制下共享制造质量协同演化博弈

考虑决策者成本-收益感知偏差对质量决策的影响,将前景理论和心理账户理论引入共享制造多主体演化博弈过程中,构建不同成本收益摊配机制下共享制造质量协同演化博弈模型,分析各博弈主体动态演化规律。研究结果表明:共享制造质量协同提升是多因素共同作用的结果,不仅受到外部因素的影响,还受决策者自身主观因素的调节;成本收益摊配机制能够有效改变共享制造质量协同演化的稳定状态,其中动态成本收益摊配机制的效力最优;激励机制的引入可以有效弥补成本收益摊配机制的效力空白,促使共享决策系统稳定策略向“帕累托最优”方向演化发展。

社区教育数字化发展:动力机制、运作逻辑与矛盾纾解——基于“教育慧邻”云课堂的案例考察

数字技术的迭代升级持续推动了社区教育的创新与转型。社区教育数字化发展的动力机制来自“驱动力—状态—响应”综合作用,表现为由国家顶层设计与数字技术发展形成社区教育数字化发展的驱动力,进而影响了社区教育环境与居民教育需求的状态,并促使社区教育各主体进行跨部门协同。社区教育数字化的主要运作逻辑呈现为:强调普惠便民的设计理念、组织协同联动的主体结构、整合集约优化的教育资源、重塑规范高效的行动程序。面对实践中一系列矛盾,未来仍需从“驱动力—状态—响应”三方面因素着手,增强制度设计的现实适应性,提高数字化转型的群众支持性,夯实资源支持的长久有效性,促进社区教育数字化发展“提质增效”。

海外园区空间网络嵌入如何影响“一带一路”利益共享:基于增加值视角

推动“一带一路”利益共享是促进“一带一路”高质量发展的重要保障,海外园区的高效建设则是实现“一带一路”利益共享的抓手。文章基于增加值视角,从附加值、价值链地位和技术水平三个维度构建“一带一路”利益共享指标体系。在探讨了海外园区网络嵌入度对“一带一路”利益共享的理论机制后,借助社会网络分析法,测算中心度和结构洞,以衡量海外园区空间网络嵌入程度,并构建实证模型进行检验。研究发现:(1)“一带一路”海外园区网络嵌入通过提高附加值和技术水平实现“一带一路”利益共享。(2)东亚地区通过嵌入中心度和结构洞提高附加值、价值链地位及技术水平,从而在三个维度上实现利益共享;南亚和东欧地区嵌入度显著提升附加值和技术水平;中西亚地区通过嵌入中心度提升附加值与技术水平。(3)较强合作意愿海外园区嵌入度显著提升附加值、价值链地位及技术水平;潜在合作意愿网络嵌入仅通过嵌入中心度提升附加值及技术水平。(4)“一带一路”海外园区网络嵌入中心度对发展中国家附加值和技术水平的提升作用更强;“一带一路”倡议提出强化了海外园区网络嵌入对附加值和技术水平的正向影响。研究为通过海外园区建设促进“一带一路”利益共享提供了理论依据,并为此提出科学可行的实现路径。

“一带一路”沿线国家的生态合作及其路径研究

2023年是共建“一带一路”倡议提出十周年。“一带一路”沿线国家多为发展中国家,从贫穷落后走向发展振兴,从工业文明迈向生态文明是其共同面临的经济社会发展和生态环境挑战,放任生态环境恶化,必将阻碍沿线国家可持续发展,亟待加强生态合作。生态合作是沿线国家共同应对气候变化和经济绿色转型的现实需要,要加强气候领域的合作,建立政策响应机制,将应对气候变化作为实现发展方式转变的重大机遇;加强绿色能源合作,优化能源生产布局和消费结构,加快能源绿色低碳转型;构建绿色金融体系,开展绿色金融国际合作,为沿线国家的绿色发展建设提供资金支持;在绿色技术融资、技术制度管理、技术能力建设、技术知识产权等层面同向发力。沿线国家生态合作面临经济社会发展与生态环境保护、发展结构转型与环境保护制度、内部结构优化与外部发展掣肘之间的矛盾,由此构建生态利益共享机制、建立统一环境协调机构、推动国际绿色标准制定等,成为化解矛盾的重要路径。

轧钢热装效益的提升探讨

通过提高组织优化、信息化和数字化水平,提出了一系列措施实现资源配置调整、调度协同化、技能培训、引入智能调度系统、数据集成与共享以及数据驱动的决策等,有助于增加企业经济效益,并建议与制造部门密切合作,不断追求优化和改进,旨在提升永钢集团轧钢厂的热装效益。

非人类中心主义批判视野下野生动物资源利用制度的思考

野生动物保护立法中,“利用”和“保护”的主次关系一直争议不断,非人类中心主义理论批评人类中心主义的思想是现实问题产生的根源。野生动物资源保护问题的凸显并不在于立法主旨上“人类中心主义”或是因此产生的“野生动物资源观”,主要问题在于对野生动物资源利用时的“浪费”以及野生动物资源分配不公。可以借鉴环境法领域较为成熟的排污总量控制和交易制度促进野生动物资源的高效、可持续利用;利用遗传资源的惠益分享制度有效缓和资源利用者与其他利益主体之间的矛盾。