4种环境因子对少花蒺藜草(Cenchrus pauci florus Benth.)种子萌发的影响

本试验以少花蒺藜草种子为研究材料,通过设定不同的温度、土壤湿度、土壤基质和光照等条件研究环境因子对少花蒺藜草种子萌发的影响。结果表明:少花蒺藜草种子萌发最适温度为25℃,萌发最低温度为20℃,萌发最高温度为30℃;光照对少花蒺藜草种子萌发有一定影响,光照促进种子萌发;土壤湿度对其萌发有影响,最适萌发湿度为20%,最低萌发湿度为6%;少花蒺藜草种子萌发对土壤基质要求不严格,于沙土及草炭土中均可萌发。

兰花鼠尾草(Salvia farinacea Benth.)两类腺毛发育过程中超微结构的研究

电镜观察表明 :兰花鼠尾草 (SalviafarinaceaBenth .)的头状腺毛 (capitatetrichomes)和盾状腺毛 (peltatetrichomes)在超微结构方面存在明显不同 ,盾状腺毛的分泌细胞中占优势的细胞器是质体 ,而头状腺毛中是内质网和质体 ;成熟的盾状腺毛角质层下间隙明显 ,而头状腺毛不明显 ;盾状腺毛的柄细胞的侧壁出现完全的角质化现象 ,而头状腺毛则无 ;

不同激素配比对离体地灵(Stachys floridana Schuttl.ex Benth)芽增殖的影响

研究了不同激素单独或混合使用对地灵芽增殖的影响。结果表明,6-BA与KT配合使用可诱导茎段产生大量不定芽,但不定芽聚集短缩,难以进一步发育成芽苗。单独使用低质量浓度(0.5mg/L以下)6-BA或KT能够使地灵茎段得到有效增殖,其中KT的效果优于6-BA,KT对试管芽增殖影响比6-BA温和,KT1.5mg/L时仍未出现玻璃化现象。生长素与细胞分裂素混合使用时能够明显促进芽苗的生长,在含有0.5mg/LIAA的MB培养基中添加1.0～1.5mg/L的KT,增殖系数达4.20～4.67,为地灵芽增殖的有效激素质量浓度配比。

不同支持物对地灵(Stachys floridana Schuttl.ex Benth)试管苗生根的影响

以脱脂棉、琼脂、蛭石、河沙、壤土为支持物,在1/2MS+NAA1.0mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L培养基上对地灵试管苗生根情况进行了分析。结果表明,支持物对地灵的生根有明显影响,在珍珠岩、琼脂和脱脂棉中地灵的生根率均达到100%,各处理之间差异不显著;生根质量以珍珠岩中最优,幼根能产生大量多级分枝,形成较为强大的根系,且不同支持物试管苗的移栽结果也表明,珍珠岩在地灵试管苗生根中是琼脂的理想替代物。

硬序重寄生(Phacellaria rigidula Benth.)花形态的扫描电境观察

扫描电境下 ,对硬序重寄生花的外部形态进行了观察。结果表明 ,硬序重寄生一鳞片叶腋内的簇生花发生时 ,首先同时出现大小几乎相同的 2个单花幼花 ;花被片外表面有许多较均匀分布的小乳突 ;每朵花的小苞片常为 3片 ,小苞片呈宽窄不等的三角形 ,其边缘因有较长绒毛而呈流苏状 ;成熟花药各有 2条室裂 ;花粉粒很小 ,具 3孔沟 。

彩叶草(Coleus blumei Benth.)小孢子发生及雄配子体发育

采用石蜡制片技术对彩叶草的小孢子发生和雄配子体发育进行了形态解剖学观察。结果表明,彩叶草的花药具有四个花粉囊,花粉囊内有岛状物;花粉壁的发育属于双子叶植物型,腺质绒毡层。小孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成正四面体形的四分体,胞质分裂为同时型;成熟花粉为3-细胞型。文章为彩叶草的栽培及育种提供了科学依据。

两型豆(Amphicarpaeaedge worthii Benth.)地上、地下种子实生苗发育特性的初步研究

两型豆地上、地下都能结正常种子的特性较为罕见 ,本实验从地上、地下种子的萌发、出苗、植株生长发育、地下结实、及幼苗对短日照反应等方面进行了初步的研究。结果表明 :(1)地上种子存在硬实现象。 (2 )地下、地上种子播种都能正常出苗、开花 ,并结出地上、地下正常发育的种子。在昌黎地区 5月初播种 ,9月初开花 ,10月下旬收获。 (3)两型豆的幼苗属于子叶不出土类型。 (4 )地下种子的发育来自子叶节部位着生的地下茎及分枝。 (5 )两型豆是耐阴、怕高温的短日照植物 ,短日处理 (6 ,8,10 ,12h)可大幅度提早开花、结实。

The Effects of Temperature, Light and Moisture on the Seed Germination of Siphonostegia chinensis Benth

To explore the optimum temperature,light intensityand water conditions for seed germination of Siphonostegia chinensis Benth.,seed germination experiment were carried out under different temperatures(5/15,10/20,15/25,20/30℃),different light intensity(14h light/10h darkness,complete darkness)and different concentrations(0%,5%,10%,15%,20%)of PEG-6000 solution.In terms of concentration,5%PEG was regarded as the low level,10%and 15%as the medium level,and 20%as the high level.The results showed that(1)Germination rate,germination potential,and germination index were increased with the rise of temperature.In addition,seed germination was significantly higher under the dark conditions than that with the 14h light/10h darkness.(2)No seed germination occurred when the temperature was below 10/20 C at 14h light/10h darkness.(3)Under 14h light/10h darkness,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index first increased and then decreased with the increase of PEG concentration.The low concentration was more beneficial to the seed germination.(4)Under the condition of complete darkness,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index decline with fluctuation with the increase of PEG concentration.Seed germination of Siphonostegia chinensis Benth.was inhibited in high concentration of PEG.

RP-HPLC method for the quantitation of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth

Objective To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of β-Sitosterol in Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.Methods The separation was performed on a luna C8(2)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column with the mobile phase of methanol-water(88∶12,v/v)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm,and the temperature of the column was maintained at 35 ℃.Results The calibration curve of β-Sitosterol was linear over the concentration range of 0.075-0.375 mg/mL(r=0.9999)and the average recovery of β-Sitosterol was 96.30% with RSD of 3.60%(n=3).Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Elaeagnus Gonyanthes Benth.

Production and Cultivation Technology of Selenium-enriched Pueraria thomsonii Benth

The cultivation technology of selenium-containing plant Pueraria thomsonii Benth was summarized from the producing area conditions,variety selection,field management and other aspects,which is of great significance for increasing the selenium concentration in humans or animals.

Determination of Active Components of Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo by Ultra-performance Convergence Chromatography

[Objectives]To determine active components of Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo.[Methods]A new method was developed for the quantitative determination of L.rotata by using Ultra-performance convergence chromatography.The separation of active components of L.rotata was successfully achieved on Waters ACQUITY UPC column,with gradient elution carbon dioxide and methanol solvent at flow rate of 0.7 mL/min.The separation gradient elution rate was as follows:15%methanol 0-1 min,18%methanol 1-5 min,20%methanol 5-6 min,25%methanol 6-7 min,30%methanol 7-8 min,30%methanol 8-9 min,15%methanol 9-10 min.The conditions used in the separation process was as follows:column temperature 30℃;injection volume 2μL.Under the abovementioned conditions,the content of methyl glucoside was measured by 3D-full wavelength scanning.The validity of the method was tested by analyzing the precision,reproducibility,stability and accuracy.[Results]The results indicated that in terms of extraction and separation of compounds,supercritical CO2 not only has the diffusion property of gas,but also has the density and fluidity of liquid.[Conclusions]The ultra-high performance chromatography is a new technique for drug analysis.

Chemical compositions of the essential oil and calculation the biophysicochemical coefficients of the components of Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth. of Iran

The volatile constituents of the essential oil of Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth. growing wild in Kurdistan-Iran were investigated using the GC and GC/MS techniques. Fifteen compounds, representing twenty (97.03%) of the total oil were identified. The main components were: α- Pinene (22.47%), β-Caryophyllene (18.05%), β- Eudesmol (14.92%), α-Copaene (9.84%), γ-Elemene (6.79%), δ-Cadine-ne (6.13%), (–)Bornyl acetate (5.61%), α-Amorphene (3.84%), α-Fen- chyl acetate (2.35%) and β-Pinene (2.07%). Some of the physicochemical properties like the logarithm of calculated Octanol-Water partitioning coefficients (log Kow), total biodegradation and (TBd in mol/h and gr./h), water solubility (Sw, mg.L-1 at 25oC) and median lethal concentration 50 (LC50) were calculated for the 15 com- ponents of Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth.

Isolation and identification of chemical constituents of Pithecellobium clypearia(Jack.)Benth

The twigs and leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia(Jack.)Benth are used as common Chinese traditional herbal medicine to treat upper respiratory tract infection,acute gastroenteritis and bacterial dysentery.The study isolated nine compounds from the EtOAc extract,all of which were obtained from Pithecellobium Mart.for the first time.Based on 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data,the structures of these compounds,including two ladiosiplodins and two dihydroisocoumarins,were elucidated.

Optimization of Extracting Technology for Essential Oil from Elsholizia densa Benth

[Objective] The study aims to optimize the extracting technology conditions of essential oil from Elsholtzia densa Benth. [Method] Essential oil was extracted from E. densa Benth using steam distillation, and the effects of four extracting factors (grain size of the medicinal herb, ultrasonic time, soaking time and ratio of the material to liquid) on the yield of essential oil extracted from E. densa Benth were analyzed through the orthogonal test. [Result] The optimized extraction process of essential oil from E. densa Benth was as follows: grain size of the medicinal herb 50 mesh, ultrasonic time 12 min, being soaked in the water for 6 h, and ratio of the material to liquid 1∶16 g/ml. Under the conditions, the average extracting rate of the essential oil was 0.407%. [Conclusion] The optimized extraction process of essential oil from E. densa Benth was simple and practicable, and its extracting rate was higher.

独一味化学成分和药理作用的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

独一味Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo为藏族习用药材,药用部位为干燥地上部分。现代研究表明,独一味主要含有环烯醚萜苷类、苯乙醇苷类、黄酮类、挥发油类等化学成分,具有镇痛、止血、抗菌、抗炎、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等药理作用。在对独一味化学成分及药理作用总结的基础上,结合其质量研究现状,从药性、功效、成分可测性、药动学等方面对其质量标志物(Q-marker)进行预测,槲皮素、芹菜素、山栀苷甲酯、8-O-乙酰山栀苷甲酯、胡麻属苷、连翘酯苷B、木犀草苷、马钱苷等成分可作为独一味的主要Q-marker,以期为独一味产品开发研究及质量标准的合理建立提供参考。

基于电子鼻技术的臭灵丹草指纹图谱建立及谱效关系研究

目的:基于超快速气相电子鼻技术,建立15批臭灵丹草饮片的气味指纹图谱,结合谱效相关性分析,筛选与抗氧化活性相关的成分。方法:使用超快速气相电子鼻建立15批臭灵丹草饮片的气味指纹图谱,进行相似度评价。结合AroChemBase数据库进行定性分析。以DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力为指标评价臭灵丹草饮片挥发性成分的抗氧化活性,结合多元统计分析评价谱效关系,筛选与抗氧化活性关联度较大的成分。结果:建立了15批臭灵丹草饮片的气味指纹图谱,结合AroChemBase数据库标定了14个共有峰,分别为异戊烷、乙叉降冰生烯、α-蒎烯、α-水芹烯、1,8-桉叶素、5-甲基-4-壬烯、柠檬烯、二溴氯丙烷、芳樟醇、甲基丁香酚、十一酸甲酯、β-石竹烯、醋酸十一酯、覆盆子酮。臭灵丹草饮片挥发油清除DPPH、ABTS自由基的IC50分别为6.56~21.26 mg/mL、3.89~18.34 mg/mL,灰色关联度分析及偏最小二乘回归分析结果表明柠檬烯、甲基丁香酚、覆盆子酮等与其抗氧化相关性较大。结论:臭灵丹草饮片超快速气相电子鼻气味指纹图谱结合谱效关系研究初步筛选了与抗氧化能力相关性较大的3个成分,可为臭灵丹草饮片质量控制提供依据。

一测多评法测定异叶青兰中4种化学成分

目的:采用一测多评法(QAMS)同时测定异叶青兰中4个化学成分含量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)建立绿原酸(CA)、木犀草苷(L1)、迷迭香酸(RA)和木犀草素(L2)的相对校正因子(f_(s/i)),并在不同色谱柱和色谱仪上考察4种成分相对校正因子的稳定性和耐用性,比较QAMS和外标法(ESM)测定结果的差异。结果:4个成分的f_(s/i)分别为f_(CA/RA)=1.148、f_(L1/RA)=1.004、f_(L2/RA)=0.689,f_(s/i)在3种HPLC色谱仪及3个不同品牌C18色谱柱的相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为2.95%~3.61%、在不同柱温(25℃、30℃、35℃)RSD范围为0.90%~1.28%,不同体积流量(0.9 mL/min、1.0 mL/min、1.1 mL/min)下的RSD范围为1.24%~2.21%,表明相对校正因子的耐用性良好。分别采用ESM法和QAMS法对12批异叶青兰药材4个化学成分进行含量测定,结果无显著性差异。结论:使用QAMS法测定异叶青兰中4个化学成分含量准确可靠,能为异叶青兰的质量提高提供参考。

钩吻枝叶乙醇提取物的化学成分

从钩吻〔Gelsemium elegans(Gardn.et Champ.)Benth.〕枝叶乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定出6个化合物,分别为熊果酸、27-O-对-(E)-香豆酰基-乌索酸、27-O-对-(Z)-香豆酰基-乌索酸、16-表伏康树卡平碱、(Z)-阿枯米定碱、N(a)-去甲基嘌呤。其中,16-表伏康树卡平碱首次从钩吻中分离获得,其余5个化合物首次从钩吻属(Gelsemium Juss.)中分离获得。

石见穿多糖对结肠癌SW620细胞上皮间质转化的影响

目的研究石见穿多糖对结肠癌SW620细胞上皮间质转化(Epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)的影响,探讨石见穿多糖抑制结肠癌侵袭转移的作用机制。方法采用不同浓度石见穿多糖对SW620细胞进行干预,干预时间分别为12小时和24小时;CCK-8法检测各组细胞的增殖,并选择后续实验的药物浓度和时间;细胞划痕和Transwell迁移实验来检测各组细胞的迁移能力;Transwell侵袭实验检测各组细胞的侵袭力;Western blot和qRT-PCR方法检测EMT相关蛋白E-cadherin、Vimentin及其mRNA,以及转录因子ZEB1、ZEB2、Twist1及其mRNA的表达。结果与对照组比较,石见穿多糖能够抑制SW620细胞的增殖,且浓度越高、干预时间越长,抑制作用越强,且呈浓度和时间依赖性。因此,在后续实验中,选择0.25 mg·mL^(-1)、1 mg·mL^(-1)、2 mg·mL^(-1)、3 mg·mL^(-1)作为干预浓度,选择24 h作为干预时间。与对照组比较,石见穿多糖能够抑制SW620细胞的迁移和侵袭,且浓度越高,抑制作用越强,呈浓度依赖性;与对照组比较,石见穿多糖能够上调E-cadherin及其mRNA的表达,且浓度越高,表达水平越高,呈浓度依赖性;同时下调Vimentin、ZEB1、ZEB2、Twist1及其mRNA的表达,且浓度越高,表达水平越低,呈浓度依赖性。结论石见穿多糖能够抑制SW620细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,其机制可能与上调E-cadherin的表达,下调Vimentin、ZEB1、ZEB2和Twist1的表达,从而抑制EMT过程有关。

不同施肥量对仙草产量和土壤微生物多样性的影响

本研究以仙草为对象,探讨了不同施肥量对其产量及根际土壤微生物多样性的影响。通过大田栽培试验,设置多个氮磷钾复合肥施肥量处理,测定仙草产量,采用Pacbio三代测序平台构建采收期仙草根际土壤细菌16S rRNA基因文库,对其进行高通量测序和生物信息学分析。结果表明:仙草产量随施肥量的增加呈先增后降的趋势;土壤微生物多样性随施肥量的增加呈先降后增的趋势;与对照相比,300、450、600 kg/hm^(2)复合肥处理的土壤中在门水平上优势种群及其含量变化较少,在目水平上拟杆菌目和黄单胞菌目的相对丰度均有所增加,在属水平上未分类酸杆菌属显著降低,在种水平上表皮葡萄球菌丰度显著降低;NMDS分析显示,不施肥和施300 kg/hm^(2)复合肥土壤细菌多样性显著不同于其他处理,施450~600 kg/hm^(2)复合肥细菌群落多样性差异不显著。施用300~450 kg/hm^(2)化肥可显著提高仙草产量,显著降低土壤细菌微生物多样性,类杆菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌目的富集受施肥影响较大。综合考量,300 kg/hm^(2)为仙草最佳施肥量。