Spatio-temporal Evaluation of Multi-scale Cultivated Land System Resilience in Black Soil Region from 2000 to 2019:A Case Study of Liaoning Province,Northeast China

It is of great significance to systematically analyze the cultivated land system resilience(CLSR) for the black soil protection and national food security.The CLSR is impacted by planting structure adjustment and cultivated land quality decline,posing major hidden dangers to food security.It is urgent to evaluate the CLSR at multiple spatio-temporal scales.This study took Liaoning Province in the black soil region of Northeast China as an example.Based on the resilience theory,this study constructed the CLSR evaluation system from the input-feedback perspective at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,and used the rank-sum ratio comprehensive evaluation method(RSR) to analyze the key influencing factors of CLSR in Liaoning Province and its 14 cities from 2000 to 2019.The results showed that:1) the time series changes of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale in Liaoning Province were similar,both showing an increasing trend.2) The CLSR in Liaoning Province presented a spatial pattern of ‘high in the west and low in the east’ at the city-scale.3) There were seven and six main influencing factors of CLSR at the provincial-scale and the city-scale,respectively.In addition to the net income per capita of rural households,other influencing factors of CLSR were different at the provincial-scale and the city-scale.The feedback factors were dominant at the provincial-scale,and the input factors and feedback factors were dominant at the city-scale.The results could provide a reference for the utilization of black soil and draw on the experience of regional agricultural planning and adjustment.

Survey and Countermeasures on Current Status of Farmer Training and Education Informatization in Western Liaoning Province

This study summarized the main achievements of farmers’training and rural informatization construction in the past few years,and explored the needs of rural informatization in western Liaoning Province.The current status of agricultural development in western Liaoning and farmers’needs for education and training and rural education informatization were surveyed.The construction of an education and technical support service platform for scientific and technological farmers in western Liaoning was proposed,aiming to use information technology to train modern professional farmers.Through independent and self-learning education and training methods,it is expected to promote great improvement in the scientific and technological quality and moral level of farmers in western Liaoning and cultivate professional farmers who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management.

Classification and Spatial Pattern of Township Development in Liaoning Province, China

The classification of township development types is an urgent problem that requires solution to enable the township to choose an appropriate development path.Using a township development classification method,we determine the township development types and their spatial patterns in Liaoning Province,China.The results showed that the patterns of township development types based on their general advantages had significant spatial differentiations.The planting,and livestock and poultry breeding township development types based on general advantages were mainly distributed across the central plain of Liaoning Province,China,and also concentrated in Dandong City−Dalian City along Yellow Sea coast,and in the northwest of Chaoyang City.The business and tourism,industry and mining,and residence township development types based on general advantages were distributed mainly along the Shenyang–Dalian Economic Belt in the central and southern Liaoning Province.The ecology township development type based on general advantages was mainly distributed in the eastern and western Liaoning Province to maintain regional ecological security.Township development types based on non-advantages were sporadically distributed in the middle and western Liaoning Province.Based on the classification and spatial patterns,the differences between the distribution of twonship development types and the plan for the major functional areas of Liaoning Province were proposed which could provide the basis for the optimization of the major functional areas.

Recommendations for Using Crop Straws to Produce Organic Fertilizers in Liaoning Province

This paper introduces in detail the current situation of crop straw resources and comprehensive utilization in Liaoning Province and the basic situation of enterprises using crop straw to produce organic fertilizers.In addition,it analyzes in detail the problems existing in the production of organic fertilizers in Liaoning Province,and finally comes up with some recommendations for using crop straw to produce organic fertilizers.

Dongbeititan dongi,the First Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of Western Liaoning Province,China

We herein describe a partial postcranial skeleton of a sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group in the Beipiao area of western Liaoning Province, northeastern China. A suite of features it possesses, including the camellate internal structure of its presacral elements, the existence of pneumatocoels on the proximal ends of the dorsal ribs, and especially the medially deflected proximal portion of the femur, definitively establish the titanosauriform affinities of the specimen. It differs from other titanosauriforms in having a craniocaudally elongate coracoid with a squared cranioventral extreme and a long, smooth, and slightly convex acetabular edge of the pubis. It represents a new taxon, Dongbeititan dongi gen. et sp. nov. Comparative studies suggest that Dongbeititan is a basal titanosauriform, more derived than Euhelopus, Fusuisaurus, and Huanghetitan, but less derived than Gobititan and Jiutaisaurus. Dongbeititan represents the first sauropod dinosaur reported from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province.

A New Species of the Ankylosaurid Dinosaur Crichtonsaurus(Ankyiosauridae:Ankylosauria)from the Cretaceous of Liaoning Province,China

A new ankylosaurid species of Crichtonsaurus, C. benxiensis sp. nov., is erected based on a well preserved skeleton and a nearly complete skull found in the Sunjiawan Formation （Cenomanian- Turonian）, Beipiao, Liaoning Province. Crichtonsaurus benxiensis sp. nov. is characterized by width 84.6% of length of the skull, a deep depression located medial to the notch between the orbit and the squamosal horn, paroccipital processes fused to the quadrates, fused scapula and coracoid, a large foramen for the supracoracoid nerve to enter the coracoid and to exit out from the scapula. Based on the new specimen, Crichtonsaurus is assigned to Ankylosauridae.

Minerogenic System of Magnesian Nonmetallic Deposits in Early Proterozoic Mg-rich Carbonate Formations in Eastern Liaoning Province

In the early Proterozoic the Li'eryu Formation and Dashiqiao Formation of eastern Liaoning province, China, there are distributed Mg-rich carbonate rock formations, in which large to superlarge deposits of boron, magnesite, talc, Xiuyan jade etc. occur. The formation of these magnesian nonmetallic deposits was related to early Proterozoic evaporates; then these deposits underwent reworking of regional metamorphism and hydrothermal metasomatism during the Lüliang orogeny and tectono-magmatism during the Indosinian-Yanshanian. Among other things, the Mg-rich carbonates formations, minerogenetic structures and ore-forming fluids played a controlling role in the formation of the mineral deposits. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mineral deposits are products of combined processes of the coupling of ore source field, fluid field, thermal field (energy field) and stress field under certain time-space conditions in the early Proterozoic and the late-stage superimposed reworking of tectono-magmatism.

Medusoid Fossils from the Sinian Xingmincun Formation of Southern Liaoning Province

Abundant medusoid soft-bodied metazoan fossils have been found in the Sinian Xingmincun Formation(with an isotopic age of 650 Ma) at Qipanmo, Qidingshan and Yangtun of the Dalian-Jinzhou area, southern Liaoning Province; in addition, a number of macroscopic algal fossils have been discovered for the first time in the Getun Formation overlying the Xingmincun Formation. Medusoid fossils include 3 genera and 6 species(all of which are new). Judging from their biological characters, these medusoid fossils are considered to have an intimate affinity with the Ediacara fauna in the terminal Precambrian of Australia, as their characters are close to each other. The authors suggest that these medusoids and the Edicara fauna might be the products of the same period. The discovery of the medusoid fauna in the Xingmincun Formation marks an important event in the evolution of the terminal Precambrian organisms in China, and it is of major practical significance in the study of the Sinian System of China and the correlation of the Sinian strata of northern and southern China.

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Geochronology of Detrital Zircons in Eastern Liaoning Province： An Early Paleozoic Formation Associated with the Gondwana Supercontinent Event

Objective The Liao-Ji orogenic belt is a famous Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt in the East Block of the North China Craton(NCC),which extend in NE-SW direction.The geological mass in the Paleoproterozoic Liao-Ji belt is mainly composed of the Liaoji granites and metamorphic volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the Liaohe group(and its

Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Mesozoic Granitoids in the Geological Corridor of Western Liaoning Province, China

The geological corridor of Western Liaoning province is an area of length 100 km and width 20 km and located in the eastern segment of northern margin of North China Craton（NCC）,with the wide distribution of Mesozoic granitic magmatism.It is the ideal area to study the granitic petrogenesis,the nature of magma source and the tectonic attribute.In this paper,we do the systematic researchesaboutthepetrology,geochronology,geochemistry and Zircon Hf isotopic of granitic rocks.Based on the mentioned above,we have built the geochronological framework and have discussed the petrogenesis,the nature of magma source and the tectonic setting of granitic rocks.And according to the information about the crust-mantle interaction recorded in granitic rocks and the regional data,we also discuss the relationship between Mesozoic granitic magma activities and lithosphere thinning,destruction of Craton mechanism in the eastern segment of northern margin of NCC.The Mesozoic granitic magma activities in The geological corridor of Western Liaoning province are divided into four stages（Fig.1）:Late Triassic（230 Ma;28 Ma）,early-middle Jurassic（194 Ma;69 Ma）,Late Jurassic（161 Ma;55 Ma）and Early Cretaceous（139Ma;21 Ma）.The late Triassic granitic rocks are composed of adamellite,monzogranite and diorite.The samples have high Sr,Cr,Ni content and low Yb,Y content,and the sample have high Mg#and high ratio of Sr/Y and La/Yb.The characteristics of inhomogenous negative value ofεHf（t）(-6.40;0.19)in magmatic zircons and ancient crustal TDM2 values of 1.25 Ga;.67 Ga（Fig.2）,indicate that the Triassic granitic rocks were formed in a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting aftersubduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean and the subduction of Yangtze Craton,and they are the product of partial melting of ancient lower crust under the condition of the mantle-derived magma underplating,and geochemical features of the high Sr and low Y are inherited from the source of magma which is also enriched in Sr and depleted in Y.The geochemical features and assemblages of rocks formed during Jurassic-early Cretaceous are similar.The early-middle Jurassic granitic rocks are composed of syenogranite,monzogranite,quartz monzonite,granitic porphyry,granodiorite and quartz diorite.The late Jurassic granitic rocks are composed of monzogranite,granitic porphyry,and quartz diorite.The early Cretaceous granitic rocks are composed of monzogranite,quartz syenite,granitic porphyry,and quartz monzodiorite.The samples are characterized by the high SiO;content and total alkalis and are belonged to the high-K calc-alkaline series.And the characteristics of quasi-aluminous to weakly peraluminous（A/CNK<1.1,A/NK>1.0）and the negative relationship between P;O;and SiO;are similar to the characteristics of I-type granite.The samples are enriched in LREE contents and K,Pb and depleted in Nb,Ta,Ti and P.The characteristics of assemblage and geochemical features indicate the Jurassic-Cretaceous granitic rocks formed in the setting of active continental margin related to the subduction.The magmatic zircons of early-middle Jurassic granitic rocks have negativeεHf（t）(-16.60;4.15)and ancient crustal TDM2 values of 1.49 Ga;.28 Ga which indicates the primary magma is from the partial melting of ancient middle-lower crust（Fig.2）.These rocks formed in the setting of active continental margin of subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate.The magma source of granitic rocks is from partial melting of the ancient lower-middle curst caused by the underplating of mantle magma,which formed in the condition of fluid derived from the dehydration of subducted slab affected on the lithosphere mantle.The magmatic zircons of late Jurassic granitic rocks have negativeεHf（t）(-26.24;18.56)and ancient crustal TDM2 values of（2.39 Ga;.87 Ga）which indicates the primary magma is from the partial melting of ancient upper-middle crust（Fig.2）.And these rocks may be formed in the setting of active continental margin of intense subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate.In the intense subduction,the mantle magma is formed in the interaction of fluid derived from the dehydration of subducted slab with the lithosphere mantle,then further underplated the ancient middle-upper crust and make the ancient middle-upper curst partial melting.In this setting,the late Jurassic rocks are distributed widely in eastern North China.The samples in early Cretaceous have a wide range of values of Hf isotope:-24.92;20.88（139 Ma）,-4.72;6.22（130 Ma）,-17.30;11.56（125 Ma;21 Ma）,and the characteristics of Hf isotope indicate the source of earlyCretaceousmagma（middle-uppercrust,middle-lower crust or juvenile crust）is very complicated（Fig.2）.The early Cretaceous granitic rocks were formed in the lithosphere extensional environment when the Paleo-Pacific plate subducted/roll-backed quickly in the direction of NNW with high angle.The regional extension made the asthenosphere upwell and be unstable,and the magma of mantle was formed.Then wide mantle-crust interactions make the crust partial melt,as a result,the source of early Cretaceous igneous rocks which are distributed widely in eastern North China Craton.The participation of depleted mantle components in the process of Late Triassic rock formation in western Liaoning area indicate the time of the lithosphere thinning in the eastern segment of northern margin of NCC begin from the late Triassic（;30 Ma）.The double subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean and Yangtze Craton in the early period is the reason of the lithosphere thinning.After the double subduction,the mantle-derived magma upwell and underplate the lithosphere mantle and lower crust in a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting.As a result,the lithosphere began to thin but the Craton destruction was not obviously in this period.The participation of depleted mantle components makes the continental crust slightly reforms and grows.The eastern segment of northern margin of NCC was in the setting of active continental margin in Jurassic,and the continuing dehydration and metasomatism of subduction slab changed the physical and chemical properties of the lithosphere mantle.The initial weak subduction in early-middle Jurassic makes the lithosphere become thin but no obvious destruction of Craton.And in this period,the continental crust reformed and grew slightly.As the subduction became stronger during late Jurassic,the thickness of lithosphere in eastern segment of northern margin of NCC become thinner and the destruction of Craton occurred locally and the continental crust reformed and grew to some extent.In early Cretaceous,the change of direction and angle of subduction of Paleo-Pacific led to the regional extension,which is the reason for massive mantle material upwelling and intense crust-mantle interaction.And the lithosphere thinning and destruction of Craton reached the peak.As a result,the effects of reconstruction and hyperplasia of continental crust are obviously.In our opinions,the underplating mechanism of mantle-derived magma occurred mainly in the initial stage（early Mesozoic）oflithosphere thinning,and the delamination of lithosphere mantle or lower crust coexisted while erosion action of mantle material occurred in the stage（late Mesozoic）of strong lithosphere thinning and destruction of Craton.

New Discovery of Molar Tooth Structures in the Kangjia Formation at Benxi,Liaoning and its Significance

Objective The Jilin-Liaoning area has widely spread Meso- and Neoproterozoic sediments and is always a focused area for researching Precambrian geology. Previous study has achieved a series of results about Neoproterozoic stratigraphy in this area, but the lack of precise geochronological data and signs of stratigraphic correlation has resulted in the long controversial stratigraphic age and regional correlation. During recent years,

Status and Development of Foundry Industry in Liaoning Province of China

1 General situation The Liaoning province is famous for the machine building industry and the iron-steel industry in China. The foundry industry also has fully been developed in Liaoning. There are about 3 000 foundries and (1.1-1.2) ×105 employees in Liaoning’s foundry industry and the total yield of castings is 2.4 million tons. Foundry plants mainly concentrate in Dalian, Shenyang, Dandong, Anshan, Chaoyang, Fushun, Benxi and other places. The industry enterprises of Liaoning take state-run system as main body. In the process of converting from the plan economy to the market economy, a lot of contradiction has been appearing continuously, which makes the structure of enterprises to occur great changes, at the same time the product’s structure is renewed quickly, and the mode of the foundry production and the types of the castings have also been adjusting. For the foundry enterprises, it will be a huge challenges to face the rigorous situation of sudden change in market. Since the reform and opening in China more than 20 years ago, great changes have occurred in Liaoning’s foundry industry whether in the yield and varieties of castings or production processes, equipment level, people’s quality consciousness and manage character aspect. The foundry industry has entered into a period of very good development and has been recongnized by more and more customers.

Liaoyannuo developed by the Res Inst of Saline-alkaline Utilization of Liaoning Province

Liaoyannuo, a glutinous japonica type rice, had an average yield of 8.08 t / ha in two-year provincial trials, which is 12.6% higher than the CK Fengjin. Its average yield in two-year provincial production trials was 9.53 t/ha, 15.2% higher than the CKs Liaoyan 5 and Fengjin, respectively. Liayannuo is of moderate resistance or resistance to blast, bacterial blight of rice, sheath and culm blight of rice, rice aspergillus, response to fertility and endurance to saline and alkaline, drought and cold temperature.

On the Lawful Rights and Interests of Mentally Retarded Children——A case study of a rehabilitation center in Liaoning Province

Mentally retarded children are the most disadvan- taged among disabled children. Since the reform and opening up, with sup- port from the Communist Party of China, the government and the public, the legitimate rights and interests of mentally retarded children have greatly improved. But problems in this respect remain serious, and vari- ous levels of government, relevant departments and the public should attach much importance to these problems. This paper, taking a reha- bilitation center in Liaoning Province for mentally retarded children as a single case, studies the protection of these children＇s lawful rights and in- terests in a systematic manner.

A New Ornithocheirid from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, China

Based on a nearly complete skeleton with skull from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ornithocheirid pterosaur: Boreopterus cuiae gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Boreopterus cuiae is different from other pterosaurs preserved with skulls known from the western liaoning Province and its neighboring areas. This new pterosaur has more and larger teeth than those in other ornithocheirids. Its anterior nine pairs of teeth are larger than other teeth. The fourth pair of upper and lower teeth are slightly larger than the third pair. Overall, Boreopterus cuiae shows much small range of tooth size variation than Anhanguera piscator and Coloborhynchus robustus. The new taxon shares with other ornithocherids in having a relatively large size of the third and fourth pairs of teeth.

A New Ctenochasmatid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province

Based on a nearly complete lower jaw from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ctenochasmatid pterosaur: Liaoxipterus brachyognathus gen. et sp. nov. is erected. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is different from any known pterosaurs with skulls preserved from western Liaoning Province and its peripheral areas in that the anterior part of the mandibular symphysis is expanded, being widest between the fourth alveolus of each side. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is assigned to Ctenochasmatidae based on the following characters: the rounded anterior end of the lower jaw is spatulated and dorsoventrally flattened and marked heterodonty in the dentition is absent. It differs from other ctenochasmatid pterosaurs in having relatively small number of teeth. Liaoxipterus is distinguished from some ornithocheirids, which have expanded anterior parts of the mandibular symphyses, such as Anhanguera piscator, Coloborhynchus robustus in which the teeth of the new pterosaur are not as variable.

Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University Cooperative Innovation Network of Electronic Information Industry in Liaoning Province, China

It is important to optimize the cooperative innovation network for the improvement of economic competence and innovative power. Based on the patent information services platform, we obtain invention patent data for the electronic information industry in Liaoning from 1985 to 2015. This paper analyzes the cooperative innovation network structure, its spatiotemporal evolution and the triple helix relationship of government-industry-university(GIU) by using the social network analysis method and the triple helix theory as well as UCINet, ArcGIS and NetDraw. The empirical results show that: 1) the number of the subjects of the electronic information industry GIU cooperative innovation network in Liaoning demonstrates a gradual increase from 1985 to 2015, with the same trend in concentration. In terms of its subject and its centrality, the universities have a higher position, and the industries have a lower position,while the status of the government is still unclear. 2) The cooperative innovation network presents a core-periphery structure, and the polarization effect of innovation subjects tends to be obvious. There is certain distance-decay regularity in the cooperative innovation network, and a strong geographical proximity to cooperative innovation. 3) The compactness shows a downward trend as a whole. In terms of the extent of participation, the industries are better than the government but worse than the universities. This means that the cooperative innovation network of GIU in the electronic information industry in Liaoning is in the initial stage of formation.