Esterification of carboxylic acid with equimolar amounts alcohol can be efficiently catalyzed by biphasic 4-(benzylamino)formoyldiphenylammonium triflate (BDPAT, 3) in good yield. The catalyst can be easily recovered...Esterification of carboxylic acid with equimolar amounts alcohol can be efficiently catalyzed by biphasic 4-(benzylamino)formoyldiphenylammonium triflate (BDPAT, 3) in good yield. The catalyst can be easily recovered without loss of activity.展开更多
文摘Esterification of carboxylic acid with equimolar amounts alcohol can be efficiently catalyzed by biphasic 4-(benzylamino)formoyldiphenylammonium triflate (BDPAT, 3) in good yield. The catalyst can be easily recovered without loss of activity.
文摘采用可见/近红外光谱对丙酯草醚胁迫下大麦叶片过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)与过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)含量预测进行研究。对500~900nm光谱采用移动平均法(moving average,MA)11点平滑方法进行预处理。采用蒙特卡罗-偏最小二乘法(monte carlo-partial least squares,MCPLS)方法分别对于CAT与POD的含量预测剔除7个与8个异常样本。基于全部光谱建立了CAT与POD含量预测的PLS,最小二乘支持向量机(least-squares support vector machine,LS-SVM)与极限学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)模型,ELM模型对CAT含量预测效果最好,建模集相关系数(correlation coefficient of calibration,Rc)为0.916,预测集相关系数Rp为0.786;PLS模型对POD含量预测效果最佳,Rc为0.984,Rp为0.876。采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)算法分别为CAT与POD预测选择了8个与19个特征波长,基于特征波长建立的PLS,LS-SVM与ELM模型中,ELM模型对CAT与POD含量预测效果均最佳,CAT含量预测的相关系数为Rc=0.928,Rp=0.790;POD含量预测的相关系数Rc=0.965,Rp=0.941。基于全谱与基于特征波长的回归分析模型预测效果相当,且对POD含量的预测效果优于对CAT含量的预测效果,而这需要进一步研究以得到精度和稳定性更高的预测模型。研究结果表明,采用可见/近红外光谱结合化学计量学方法可以实现对除草剂胁迫下大麦叶片CAT与POD含量的预测。