The spatial distribution of the energy flux, bottom boundary layer （BBL） energy dissipation, surface elevation amplitude and current magnitude of the major semidiurnal tidal constituents in the Bering Sea are examin...The spatial distribution of the energy flux, bottom boundary layer （BBL） energy dissipation, surface elevation amplitude and current magnitude of the major semidiurnal tidal constituents in the Bering Sea are examined in detail. These distributions are obtained from the results of a three-dimensional numerical simulation model （POM）. Compared with observation data from seven stations, the root mean square errors of tidal height are 2.6 cm and 1.2 cm for M2 and N2 respectively, and those of phase-lag are 21.8~ and 15.8~ respectively. The majority of the tidal energy flux off the deep basin is along the shelf edge, although some of this flux crosses the shelf edge, especially in the southeast of the shelf break. The total M2 energy dissipation in the Bering Sea is 30.43 GW, which is about 10 times of that of N2 and $2. The semidiurnal tidal energy enters mainly to the Bering Sea by Samalga Pass, Amukta Pass and Seguam Pass, accounting more than 60% of the total energy entering the Being Sea from the Pacific.展开更多
Tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs), including (-)-stepholidine ((-)-SPD), (-)-tetrahydropalmatine ((-)-THP) and tetrahydroberberine (THB), have been demonstrated to be a new class of DA antagonists in biochemical and n...Tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs), including (-)-stepholidine ((-)-SPD), (-)-tetrahydropalmatine ((-)-THP) and tetrahydroberberine (THB), have been demonstrated to be a new class of DA antagonists in biochemical and neuropharmacological studies. In this paper, the antagonistic action of THPBs was examined by means of single unit recording from nigral DA neuron in chloral hydrate-anesthetized and gallamine-paralyzed rats. Intravenous injection of these compounds could promptly and completely reverse the inhibition of the spontaneous firing induced by DA agonist apomorphine (APO) in a dose-dependent way. Pretreatment with (-)-SPD, (-)-THP or THB could significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of APO and shift the dose-action curve to the right. Besides, the compounds could increase the spontaneous firing of DA neurons. The above results not only strongly support the conclusion that (-)-SPD, (-)-THP and THB are DA antagonists, but also demonstrate that one of their blocking sites is at somatodendritic DA autoreceptors (D-2 receptors). In other words, (-)-SPD did not exhibit any DA agonistic action in this acute electrophysiological study, although its DA agonistic action can be demonstrated in rotational behavior of 6-oHDA-lesioned rats. The dual actions of (-)-SPD, dependent upon different experimental conditions, are discussed.展开更多
基金Supported by the Outstanding Middle-aged and Young Scientist Foundation in Shandong Province under Grant of No.2008BS06003National High Technology Research and development Program (863 Program) (No.2007AA06A403)National Nature Science Foundation under Grant of No.40706008
文摘The spatial distribution of the energy flux, bottom boundary layer （BBL） energy dissipation, surface elevation amplitude and current magnitude of the major semidiurnal tidal constituents in the Bering Sea are examined in detail. These distributions are obtained from the results of a three-dimensional numerical simulation model （POM）. Compared with observation data from seven stations, the root mean square errors of tidal height are 2.6 cm and 1.2 cm for M2 and N2 respectively, and those of phase-lag are 21.8~ and 15.8~ respectively. The majority of the tidal energy flux off the deep basin is along the shelf edge, although some of this flux crosses the shelf edge, especially in the southeast of the shelf break. The total M2 energy dissipation in the Bering Sea is 30.43 GW, which is about 10 times of that of N2 and $2. The semidiurnal tidal energy enters mainly to the Bering Sea by Samalga Pass, Amukta Pass and Seguam Pass, accounting more than 60% of the total energy entering the Being Sea from the Pacific.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 3870905).
文摘Tetrahydroprotoberberines (THPBs), including (-)-stepholidine ((-)-SPD), (-)-tetrahydropalmatine ((-)-THP) and tetrahydroberberine (THB), have been demonstrated to be a new class of DA antagonists in biochemical and neuropharmacological studies. In this paper, the antagonistic action of THPBs was examined by means of single unit recording from nigral DA neuron in chloral hydrate-anesthetized and gallamine-paralyzed rats. Intravenous injection of these compounds could promptly and completely reverse the inhibition of the spontaneous firing induced by DA agonist apomorphine (APO) in a dose-dependent way. Pretreatment with (-)-SPD, (-)-THP or THB could significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of APO and shift the dose-action curve to the right. Besides, the compounds could increase the spontaneous firing of DA neurons. The above results not only strongly support the conclusion that (-)-SPD, (-)-THP and THB are DA antagonists, but also demonstrate that one of their blocking sites is at somatodendritic DA autoreceptors (D-2 receptors). In other words, (-)-SPD did not exhibit any DA agonistic action in this acute electrophysiological study, although its DA agonistic action can be demonstrated in rotational behavior of 6-oHDA-lesioned rats. The dual actions of (-)-SPD, dependent upon different experimental conditions, are discussed.
