改变音乐节拍对脑电功率谱变异的影响及其心理意义

目的旨在探索音乐节拍对大脑活动主要区域信息加工过程中的脑电波谱变异.方法采用自编的音乐播放软件给被试分别播放(42、65、120 BPM)3种音乐节拍的65 dB音乐,每种节拍曲目播放5 min,并采集16脑区的脑电信号进行离线分析.结果 (1)与安静状态相比播放音乐时被试在7个波段的脑电波谱功率显著降低;播放音乐时脑电波谱重心频率向低频段移动,表明疲劳程度增加;(2)改变音乐节拍显著降低α1波频段的功率而增加α2波频段的功率;(3)从频段功率占比看,加快音乐节拍节奏增加高频段脑电波活动,降低节拍节奏增加低频段活动而降低高频段脑电波活动.结论音乐节拍显著影响脑电波谱功率变异,65 BPM的中等节奏音乐有利于注意力集中和放松休息,120 BPM快节奏音乐有利于激活唤醒水平,加快运动,改变音乐节拍增加注意负荷,消耗更多的心理加工资源,其意义有待于进一步探索.

Processing Mechanism of Chinese Verbal Jokes:Evidence from ERP and Neural Oscillations

The cognitive processing mechanism of humor refers to how the system of neural circuitry and pathways in the brain deals with the incongruity in a humorous manner. The past research has revealed different stages and corresponding functional brain activities involved in humor-processing in terms of time and space dimensions, highlighting the effects of the time windows of about 400 ms, 600 ms, and 900 ms. However, much less is known about humor processing in light of the frequency dimension. A total of 36 Chinese participants were recruited in this experiment, with Chinese jokes, nonjokes, and nonsensical sentences used as the stimuli. The experimental results showed that there were significant differences among conditions in the P200 effect, which signified that the incongruity detection had already been integrated and perceived at about 200 ms, prior to the semantic integration at about 400 ms. This pre-processing is specific to Chinese verbal jokes due to the simultaneous involvement of both orthographic and phonologic parts in processing Chinese characters. The analysis on the frequency dimension indicated that beta’s power particularly reflected the characteristics of different stages in Chinese verbal humor processing. Jokes’ and nonsensical sentences’ relative power changes on the beta band ranked significantly higher than that of nonjokes at about 200 ms, which suggested the existence of more difficulties in meaning construction in pre-processing the incongruities. This indicated a continuity between the analysis of event related potential (ERP) components and neural oscillations and revealed the key role of the beta frequency band in Chinese verbal joke processing.

Portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding:Diagnosis,prevention and management

Bleeding from esophageal varices is a life threatening complication of portal hypertension.Primary prevention of bleeding in patients at risk for a first bleeding episode is therefore a major goal.Medical prophylaxis consists of non-selective beta-blockers like propranolol or carvedilol.Variceal endoscopic band ligation is equally effective but procedure related morbidity is a drawback of the method.Therapy of acute bleeding is based on three strategies:vasopressor drugs like terlipressin,antibiotics and endoscopic therapy.In refractory bleeding,self-expandable stents offer an option for bridging to definite treatments like transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS).Treatment of bleeding from gastric varices depends on vasopressor drugs and on injection of varices with cyanoacrylate.Strategies for primary or secondary prevention are based on non-selective beta-blockers but data from large clinical trials is lacking.Therapy of refractory bleeding relies on shuntprocedures like TIPS.Bleeding from ectopic varices,portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia-syndrome is less common.Possible medical and endoscopic treatment options are discussed.

大鼠脑Broca斜角带的免疫组织化学研究

本实验采用免疫组织化学方法研究了促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)和β-内啡肽(EP)在大鼠脑斜角带(DBB)的分布及相互关系。实验发现,DBB垂直带的背内侧和腹内侧含许多GnRH神经元和纤维。垂直带的背侧含较多的5-HT纤维。EP纤维主要位于水平带的外侧,这一区域也含较多的TH纤维。首次在大鼠DBB垂直带的腹内侧发现TH神经元,此区域也分布有GnRH神经元和5-HT纤维。结果表明,DBB可分五个亚区,并且DBB可能是递质和脑肽直接调节GnRH分泌的重要部位。

基于β频带脑电功率谱分析八段锦诱发的不同性别大学生“心”效应差异

目的通过常规脑电监测八段锦训练前后不同性别在校大学生的脑电β1和β2频带功率谱在总体和空间(导联)的变化,分析和探究八段锦诱发的"心"效应的性别特征。方法选择在校大学生为受试者,根据性别分成男性组和女性组,均接受八段锦培训,采用NT9200系列脑电图仪分别在训练前后进行脑电监测,统计分析比较训练前后2组的脑电β1、β2频带绝对功率的差异。结果总体比较:训练前,女性组β1、β2频带的绝对功率均高于男性组(均P<0.01);训练后,男性组在β1、β2频带的绝对功率高于训练前(均P<0.01),女性组在β1、β2频带的绝对功率与训练前相比均无统计学差异(均P>0.05),男性组和女性组在β1、β2频带的绝对功率之间无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。空间(导联)比较:脑电地形图上训练前不同性别的β1、β2频带分布存在明显区别,训练后不同性别组在β1频带分布趋势一致,在β2频带分布上男性组呈全脑区同步增高的特征,女性组在大部分脑区呈现减低的趋势。左右脑功能区的协同情况:训练后不同性别组在β1和β2频带的左右半球对应大部分脑区的相关性皆升高或由不具有相关性变为相关。结论八段锦锻炼对不同性别均能够诱发"心"的效应,这种"心"效应存在"平衡"特性和性别特征,"调心"效应的性别特异性进一步提示八段锦可能具有将不同性别的心理活动趋于一致的特点。

Hierarchical Neural Prediction of Interpersonal Trust

Exploring neural markers that predict trust behavior may help us to identify the cognitive process underlying trust decisions and to develop a new approach to promote interpersonal trust.It remains unknown how trust behavior may be predicted early in the decision process.We used electrophysiology to sample the brain activity while participants played the role of trustor in an iterative trust game.The results showed that during the trust generation stage,the trust condition led to higher frontocentral beta band activity related to cognitive inhibition compared to the distrust condition(item level).Moreover,individuals with higher frontocentral beta band activity were more likely to perform trust choices at the single-trial level(individual level).Furthermore,after receiving reciprocity feedback on trialn-1,compared to the betrayal feedback and the distrust choice,the frontocentral beta band oscillation had a stronger predictive effect regarding trust choices on trialn.These findings indicate that beta band oscillations during the decision generation stage contribute to subsequent trust choices.

焦虑障碍高危人群脑电信号频域分析

目的通过对焦虑障碍高危人群、焦虑障碍患者和健康人群全频域自发脑电信号进行频域分析,探索可用于识别焦虑障碍的特征性频段。方法2019年12月10日至2020年5月7日选取焦虑障碍高危人群(焦虑高危组,n=19)、焦虑障碍患者(阳性对照组,n=14)、健康正常人(正常对照组,n=19)作为研究对象。使用焦虑状态-特质问卷(state-trait anxiety inventory,S-TAI)、军事应激反应性焦虑预测量表(military stress anxiety predictive scale,MSAPS)对所有被试进行评估,并在问卷评估过程进行脑电监测。统计分析使用SPSS20.0统计软件,三组间脑电功率差异分析采用单因素方差分析和两两比较。结果三组在Delta[(2.11±0.66)μV^2,(2.52±0.38)μV^2,(2.73±0.47)μV^2]、Theta[(1.31±0.43)μV^2,(1.52±0.28)μV^2,(1.67±0.35)μV^2]、Alpha[(1.05±0.44)μV^2,(1.29±0.25)μV^2,(1.45±0.55)μV^2]、Beta-1[(0.69±0.16)μV^2,(0.86±0.18)μV^2,(0.99±0.27)μV^2]、Beta-2[(0.55±0.15)μV^2,(0.67±0.18)μV^2,(0.75±0.20)μV^2]、Gamma频段[(0.31±0.09)μV^2,(0.40±0.14)μV^2,(0.45±0.16)μV^2]Cz电极处的脑电功率差异均有统计学意义(F=3.80~9.21,均P<0.05)。经Bonferroni校正后两两比较,Beta-1频段下,焦虑高危组与正常对照组之间的脑电功率差异有统计学意义(P=0.03)。结论焦虑障碍高危人群和焦虑障碍患者的脑电信号均在Cz处的Beta-1频段与健康人群有显著差异。这种脑电信号的差异可为焦虑高危人群的识别和焦虑障碍的诊断提供有利的客观支持。

静脉曲张出血的最新治疗进展

急性胃食管静脉曲张破裂出血是肝硬化门脉高压患者最严重的并发症,常需急诊处理,有较高的并发症发生率和病死率。即便在最初的急性出血中幸存,这些患者再次出血及出现其他失代偿事件的风险仍然很高。过去30年治疗策略的不断演进,已大大提高了静脉曲张出血患者的生存概率。由于肝硬化具有多个病期,所以单一笼统的治疗模式已被摒弃,取而代之的是针对不同病期的患者采用不同的治疗方法以得到最佳治疗效果。这需要我们按疾病分期对肝硬化患者进行分层,然后方能针对个体化病例采用恰当的治疗方式并选择合理的治疗时机。与此同时,新的治疗方法不断涌现,而大量最新的证据仍然支持内镜和药物治疗的应用。本文中,我们对各个病期及止血失败后的治疗选择进行了总结。我们进行了细致的文献综述,呈现了所有的随机对照试验和meta分析结果,这些结果支持上述的治疗模式。