Rapid DNA Extraction Method from Amorphophallas.konjac and ISSR-PCR Amplification

[Objective]The research aimed to study the total DNA extraction methods of Amorphophallas.konjac.[Method]To investigate the optimum DNA extraction method,CTAB,SDS and new modified methods for isolating genomic DNA from Amorphophallas.konjac leaf were studied and the isolated DNAs were examined by ultraviolet absorption test,agarose gel electrophoresis and ISSR-PCR test for comparative analysis.[Result]The results showed that the new modified method was suitable for DNA isolation from Amorphophallas.konjac plants with high purity and yield;quality of DNA could meet ISSR-PCR requirement even extracted once by the new modified method.[Conclusion]The study provided basis for extracting high quality DNA sample,and offered the molecular genetics reference for exploring the genetic diversity of Amorphophallas.konjac.

Standardization of DNA Extraction Method from Mature Dried Leaves and ISSR-PCR Conditions for Melia dubia Cav. —A Fast Growing Multipurpose Tree Species

Melia dubia Cav. of family Meliaceae is a fast growing, high value tree species native to India. Isolating DNA from matured dried leaves of M. dubia was difficult due to accumulation of secondary metabolites, majorly polyphenolics, which resulted in dark brown to black colour of the pellet. In this study, a modified STE-(Sucrose, Tris-HCl and Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid) CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) method was standardized for removal of polyphenolics. The protocol developed yielded 200 - 1000 ng/μl of quality DNA without any impurities as evident by A260/280 ratio ranging from 1.75 - 2.0. It was also suitable for extracting quality DNA from other members of Meliaceae like Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach. In downstream applications, the extracted DNA was used for PCR amplification by using ISSR and SSR markers. ISSR PCR conditions were optimized in a reaction volume of 25 μl, consisting of 30 ng of template DNA, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 200 μM of each of dNTPs and 2 U of Taq polymerase. The best amplification was observed and the same was applicable for SSR markers.

利用ISSR DNA标记鉴定主要银杏栽培品种

Ginkgo biloba is one of most famous officinal plant in China. In the past, many varieties were selected and planted, but there is not still identification system for these varieties. This paper studied DNA fingerprints of the main G. biloba varieties cultivated all over the country using ISSR DNA marker. The results indicated ISSR marker was effective highly for identifying 13 varieties. Only using primer ISSR46 and ISSR44, 13 varieties were able to be identified based on 11 polymorphic loci (ISSR46-550,ISSR46-670,ISSR46-740,ISSR46-1000,ISSR46-1159,ISSR46-1359,ISSR46-1600,ISSR44-520,ISSR44-580,ISSR44-660,ISSR44-1750). In addition, we found ISSR marker was stable and repeatable highly compared with RAPD marker.

DNA extraction of birch leaves by improved CTAB method and optimization of its ISSR system

The basic method of DNA extraction （CTAB） was improved as the multi-times STE-CTAB extraction method and used to extract the DNA of birch leaved in this experiment. Results showed that the improved method is suitable not only for genomic DNA extraction of birch but also for that of other plants. The purity of genornic DNA extracted by the.multi-times STE-CTAB extraction method is higher than that by one time STE-CTAB method, and it does not need the process of RNase. The factors of influencing ISSR system were explored based on the genomic DNA of birch extracted by the two methods. The optimal conditions for ISSR system were determined as follows： Mg2＋ concentration is 1.5-3.0 mmol·L^-1, dNTP concentration 0.104）.25 mmol·L^-1, the quantity of Taq polymerase 0.5-2.0 U, template DNA 30-100 ng, and the concentration of primer is 0.2-0.4 pmmol·L^-1, and the reaction program was as： initial denaturation for 5 min at 94℃, 30 cycles of denaturation for 30 s at 94℃,annealing for 30 s at 51℃, extension for 30 s at 72℃, and a final 7 min extension at 72℃.

Preparation of Total DNA from "Recalcitrant Plant Taxa

Contamination problems on DNA isolation from 'recalcitrant plant taxa' which is rich in polysaccharides have been commonly encountered in a wide range of research fields such as plant population biology, biodiversity, and molecular marker-assisted breeding. Here we present an improved protocol to extract DNA efficiently from dry or fresh leaves of a 'recalcitrant plant taxa', Betula alnoides Buch. Ham. ex D. Don in which three key steps are involved: 1) washing out most of polysaccharides and other secondary compounds with CTAB-free buffer from homogenate; 2) adoption of 3% CTAB rather than 2% CTAB in the exaction medium; and 3) using of high concentration of salt prior to DNA precipitation with isopropanol to remove residual polysaccharides. The isolated DNA has been proved suitable for RAPD-PCR amplification and restriction digestion. This modified procedure is simple, inexpensive and reliable, and is also applicable to many other plant taxa with high polysaccharides.

Molecular Identification of Castanopsis hystrix,Castanopsis carlesii and Quercus griffithii Using ISSR-PCR Method

[Objective] This research aimed to develop molecular identification method for Castanopsis hystrix,Castanopsis carlesii and Quercus griffithii.[Method] DNA fingerprints of C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii were established by using ISSR-PCR method.Cluster Analysis was carried out by using UPGMA method based on Nei＇s genetic distances among each individual.[Result] Six polymorphic primers were selected from 50 ISSR primers for ISSR-PCR amplification,and totally 86 discernible DNA bands were amplified with 53 polymorphic bands,accounting for 61.2% of the total.The average number of DNA bands amplified by each primer was 10.75.Specifically,totally 5 primers had amplified differential bands and specific bands,which were able to accurately identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii.As calculated by DPS v3.01 software,the genetic distances among test materials were ranged from 0.166 67 to 0.809 52,with an average of 0.563 57.[Conclusion] ISSR-PCR method can be used to identify C.hystrix,C.carlesii and Q.griffithii effectively.

Genetic analysis of selected Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyta) strains with RAPD and ISSR markers

Since the 1980s,Sargassum fusiforme has been cultivated in Zhejiang,South China,and nowadays it becomes one of the important commercial seaweeds in China.With traditions of eating habits in the East Asian countries,this brown alga is used as food,because it contained functional oligo/polysaccharides and chemical components,and was regarded playing roles in antioxidant activities and regulating immunology.Through over 15 years’selection,breeding and cultivation,we obtained three strains with good traits and testified their characters during the production,which included the cultivars with high yield and other two good characters,either all the selected strains were applied in the Sargassum production.To avoid confusion during the selection and nursery,it was preferred to establish one fingerprint for distinguishing the Sargassum cultivars from different strains.Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)methods were adopted to analyze the genetic diversities of the selected S.fusiforme strains.With that,one fingerprint with RAPD markers was constructed,and one sequence characterized amplifi ed region(SCAR)marker to S.fusiforme was obtained.It is indicated that the applied fingerprint could be valid in S.fusiforme genetic and germplasm justification,and will be positive to molecular marker assistance in its selection and cultivation.

Development of a stable SCAR marker for rapid identification of Ganoderma lucidum Hunong 5 cultivar using DNA pooling method and inter-simple sequence repeat markers

The cultivar Ganoderma lucidum Hunong 5 was obtained using cross-breeding. Hunong 5 has high commercial value due to its high polysaccharide and triterpene content, This is the first report of using a DNA pooling method to develop a stable sequence characterized amplified region （SCAR） marker for rapid identification of the G. lucidum Hunong 5 cultivar. The SCAR marker was developed by first generating and sequencing a distinctive inter simple sequence repeat （ISSR） fragment （882 bp） from G. lucidum Hunong 5 cultivar. A stable SCAR primer pair GLH5F/GLH5R were obtained to identify the cultivar and the SCAR marker is a DNA fragment of 773 bp.

An Effective Wood DNA Extraction Protocol for Three Economic Important Timber Species of India

Extraction of DNA from fresh tissues is routine in studies of tropical forest species, but DNA extraction from wood is considered as difficult due to its highly degraded nature and adequate quality of genomic DNA extraction is essential for molecular studies. Very few studies have validated the potential for isolating DNA from dried wood (Heartwood and Sapwood). Wood genomic DNA extraction is difficult from mature timber (Teak (Tectona grandis f;verbanaceae), Black Rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia f;Fabaceae) Ben Teak (Lagerstroemia lanceolata f;Lytheraceae) tissues due to presence of high quantity of secondary metabolites polyphenols, tannins and terpenoids and protein inhibitors. Mostly in laboratories DNA extraction kits are available but by using kits, DNA yield is very low and it is quite expensive too. We have standardized and validated the DNA extraction through manual protocol which is applicable for Bark, Sapwood and Heartwood samples of tree species which contains huge amount of inflexible tissues and fibers. The quality of the DNA was tested by spectrophotometer, gel electrophoresis and PCR (ISSR and SSR) amplification. An avrage DNA yield for heartwood ranges from 0.186 - 0.166 μg/μL and sapwood was ranges from 0.26 - 0.244 μg/μL. Modification of CTAB method was by addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) appx 0.25%, variation in Rnase concentration, proteinase treatment with different concentration and incubation time. In order to evaluate the standardized wood genomic DNA extraction protocol, we compared it with the mature leaf and core samples (heartwood and sapwood) of the same timber species. The outcome was also quantified and proved by means of polymerase chain reaction analysis by using ISSR and SSR microsatellite markers conducted with isolated pure DNAs. This modified protocol made increased yield and purity of wood total genomic DNA and facilitate the important application of forensic timber species effort.

应用ISSR分子标记绘制红麻种质资源DNA指纹图谱

以6份红麻种质资源为材料,对UBC807～UBC890等80个ISSR引物进行筛选,筛选出多态性好的ISSR引物20个。利用这20个ISSR引物扩增来自国内外84份红麻种质资源,共获得230条谱带,平均每个引物扩增出11.5条谱带,其中多态性谱带185条,多态性条带比率为80.43%,表明供试的红麻种质资源遗传多样性较丰富。以供试84份红麻种质资源的ISSR扩增谱带为基础,建立了供试材料扩增条带指纹数据库的Excel文件。根据指纹图谱唯一性原则,采用自行开发的DNA指纹数据分析软件,再从20个多态性好的ISSR引物中遴选出UBC813、UBC825、UBC836、UBC888和UBC889引物,绘制出82个红麻种质资源的DNA指纹图谱,为红麻种质资源分子身份证的构建奠定了基础。

贵州地方火龙果芽变种质DNA指纹图谱及遗传多样性的ISSR分析

【目的】为了构建火龙果芽变种质的DNA指纹图谱,并揭示种质间的遗传关系,【方法】以贵州近几年选育的一些优良火龙果种质为试材,采用ISSR标记技术和NTSYS 2.01软件对这些新种质及其原始品种进行分析。【结果】利用筛选出的52条引物进行PCR扩增,共扩增出364个清晰、重复性好的标记,其中215个（60%）为多态性标记。M08、845和881等3个引物扩增出的标记能将22份种质区分开来。采用NTSYS 2.01软件计算,供试种质间的相似性系数为0.70~0.96,平均0.81,其中红肉种质间平均值为0.82,白肉为0.89。UPGMA聚类分析显示,在相似系数0.9处可将供试材料分为11类,其中7份分别各自聚类（红肉占86%）。【结论】火龙果体细胞变异率较高,且红肉品种高于白肉品种,通过芽变选种能有效地实现遗传改良。

芒果DNA提取方法比较及ISSR反应体系的优化

为从芒果幼叶中提取高质量的核总DNA,比较了5种DNA提取方法提取芒果叶片核DNA的效果,结果表明:改良CTAB法1提取的DNA A260/A280值最好,ISSR-PCR扩增效果最佳,是有效提取芒果基因组DNA的方法。为得到最佳的芒果ISSR-PCR反应体系,以(ATG)6为引物,采用单因素实验法,优化了ISSR-PCR反应体系:在总体积25μl的反应体系中,含1×反应缓冲液,0.20mmol.L-1dNTPs,0.20μmol.L-1引物,0.60 UTaqDNA聚合酶,30-50 ng DNA模板,不足体积用无菌超纯水补足。

柑橘基因组DNA快速提取及ISSR-PCR扩增体系优化

对CTAB-mini法进行改良,得到一种效率较高的柑橘DNA提取方法。试验结果表明,得到的高质量DNA适合柑橘ISSR分析。同时,采用正交设计对影响柑橘ISSR-PCR因子进行优化。试验结果表明:20μl反应体系中采用5ng模板DNA、0.35mmol/LdNTPs、0.15μmol/LPrimer、1UTaq酶和3μl10×Buffer(含Mg2+)为柑橘ISSR-PCR最优反应体系。

大明竹属遗传多样性ISSR分析及DNA指纹图谱研究

利用对竹类有较好多态性的18条引物及已优化的ISSR反应体系和扩增程序,分析大明竹属25种竹的遗传多样性。研究结果:共扩增出重复性好的多态位点高达88.3%,平均每个引物扩增8.61个,DNA分子量在160—3000 bp,此25种竹类的平均遗传距离为0.5006,变异幅度为0.1486—0.7191,说明大明竹属具有高的遗传多样性,种间遗传相对复杂。ISSR结果聚类分析,在遗传距离0.5396处将25种竹划分为3类,与形态分类结果大致一致,说明ISSR技术能精确检测大明竹属部分植物的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,有助于该属的分类。试验用U807、U815、U835、U836、U840、U841、U844 7条引物构建大明竹属25种竹的数字指纹识别码,为大明竹属部分植物的分类及种质鉴定提供参考。

大果油茶基因组DNA提取及ISSR反应体系建立(英文)

【目的】建立大果油茶的ISSR-PCR适宜扩增反应体系和程序,为其深入研究奠定基础。【方法】以大果油茶嫩叶片为供试材料,采用改良的SDS法提取其基因组DNA,并对其ISSR反应体系条件进行筛选及优化。【结果】提取的基因组DNA纯度和完整性较好,OD260/OD280值在1.8～2.0之间,DNA无降解现象,完全可以满足ISSR-PCR扩增要求。在25.0μLISSR-PCR反应体系中,各组分的适宜浓度配比为:40ng/μL模板DNA1.0μL、2.5mmol/LdNTPs2.0μL、5U/μLTaqDNA聚合酶0.2μL、10μmol/L引物1.0μL、10×PCR Buffer2.5μL(含有Mg2+),加ddH2O至25.0μL。PCR反应程序为:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性40s,52℃和53℃退火40s,72℃延伸90s,40个循环;最后72℃延伸7min。由此可获得带型丰富和清晰可辨的DNA指纹图谱。【结论】建立的ISSR-PCR反应体系可用于研究大果油茶遗传变异和多样性。

灰枣成熟叶片DNA提取及ISSR反应体系构建

针对枣DNA提取须用幼嫩叶片或组织培养幼苗这一限制相关实验顺利进行的问题,对常用的DNA提取方法CTAB法进行了改良,在破碎细胞之后,先加入2%β巯基乙醇,3%PVP,100mmol/LEDTA以去除成熟叶片细胞质中的多酚等次生物质,再加核裂解液CTAB以释放DNA。改良的CTAB法提取灰枣成熟叶片基因组DNA,分光光度法检测该法提取的样品DNA得率为55.1～79.1μg/g,D260nm/280nm为1.78～1.87;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测的结果表明,该法提取的样品DNA分子量为23kb左右;该法提取的样品DNA可以被EcoRI和HindⅢ限制性内切酶进行切割。在此基础上构建了方便快捷的灰枣ISSR反应体系。

党参基因组DNA提取、ISSR-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选

对党参基因组DNA提取方法优化、ISSR体系形成及引物筛选三方面进行探讨,为研究党参居群遗传多样性及药材DNA鉴定奠定基础。经比较改良CTAB法、改进的高盐SDS法和试剂盒三种常用DNA提取方法,发现改良CTAB法效果最佳;利用优化设计并结合有关文献优化ISSR反应体系,最优反应体系为:50μL总反应体积中含约20ng DNA模板,1.25UTaq DNA聚合酶,2.25mmol.L-1Mg2+,200μmol.L-1dNTP,0.50μmol.L-1引物。以此体系为基础进行引物筛选,在100条ISSR引物中筛选出13条扩增条带清晰、多态性较高、重复性好的引物。

耐旱苔藓植物DNA提取及优化RAPD、ISSR反应体系的建立

耐旱苔藓植物常常单个个体矮小、生物量低,如何从细小的单个个体中有效提取总DNA是进一步开展居群遗传多样性研究的关键。本研究以古尔班通古特沙漠广泛分布的刺叶墙藓(Tortula desertorum)为对象,使用快速提取法、2×CTAB法及DNeasy plant mini kit试剂盒提取法等3种方法对刺叶墙藓单个个体的总DNA进行提取。结果表明,2×CTAB法提取的DNA纯度高,凝胶电泳显示无明显降解现象,适宜作为PCR扩增的模板。利用所提取的单个个体DNA为模板,建立了优化的RAPDI、SSR反应体系。

太行菊DNA提取和ISSR标记的筛选与优化

为了探索太行菊DNA的适宜提取方法,获得适用于太行菊的ISSR标记,以太行菊为试验材料,采用常规CTAB法、改良CTAB法和SDS法提取太行菊总DNA,利用提取的太行菊DNA对ISSR引物进行了筛选和优化。结果表明,改良CTAB法提取的DNA产率高且稳定,无明显降解,杂质少。以改良CTAB法提取的DNA为模板,应用ISSR引物对总DNA进行扩增,进而从测试的50条ISSR引物中选出了扩增效率高,条带丰富的15条引物。通过设置温度梯度对每条引物的反应条件进行了优化。最后,使用引物UBC848对部分群体样品进行检测,得到了效果稳定、重复性好的扩增结果。上述结果表明,通过温度梯度筛选出的ISSR引物适用于太行菊的群体遗传学研究。

树莓基因组DNA的提取及ISSR反应体系的正交优化

以树莓优良野生种质插田泡(Rubus coreanus)为材料,比较了SDS法、CTAB法和改良CTAB法提取树莓基因组DNA的效果,结果发现三种方法均能提取到树莓DNA,但改良CTAB法优于CTAB法和SDS法,其所得的DNA质量最好,杂质最少。通过正交试验设计,对Taq酶,primer,dNTP和DNA用量进行了筛选,建立了树莓ISSR技术最优反应体系,即25μl反应体系中含有1×PCR Buffer,2mmol/LMg2+,1.5UTaq酶,0.2μmol/L primer,0.4mmol/L dNTP和20ngDNA。采用引物UBC835和UBC873分别对10个树莓品种和8个树莓野生资源进行检验发现,该体系工作效果良好。