Assessment of seismic hazard of roller compacted concrete dam site in Gilgit-Baltistan of northern Pakistan

The proposed site of the Diamer Bhasha Dam in northern Pakistan is situated in an active tectonic zone with intensive seismicity,which makes it necessary for seismic hazard analysis(SHA).Deterministic and probabilistic approaches have been used for SHA of the dam site.The Main Mantle Thrust(MMT),Main Karakaram Thrust(MKT),Raikot-Sassi Fault(RKSF)and Kohistan Fault(KF)have been considered as major seismic sources,all of which can create maximum ground shaking with maximum potential earthquake(MPE).Deterministically estimated MPE for magnitudes of 7.8,7.7,7.6,and 7.1 can be produced from MMT,MKT,RKSF and KF,respectively.The corresponding peak ground accelerations(PGA)of 0.07,0.11,0.13 and 0.05 g can also be generated from these earthquakes,respectively.The deterministic analysis predicts a so-called floating earthquake as a MPE of magnitude=7.1 as close as 10 km away from the site.The corresponding PGA was computed as 0.38 g for a maximum design earthquake at the project site.However,the probabilistic analysis revealed that the PGA with 50%probability of exceedance in 100 years is 0.18 g.Thus,this PGA value related to the operational basis earthquake(OBE)is suggested for the design of this project with shear wave velocity(V_(s30))equal to 760 m/s under dense soil and soft rock conditions.

多语种的英语世界:世界文学和后殖民印度的后千禧年文学

本文通过对印度后千禧年文学的研究,提出了一种与英语世界文学进行比较的方法。关注印度的原因有三:首先,印度是一个多语种的国度,其中翻译和比较占据着印度文学理论研究的核心;其次,英美后殖民理论一直以来都以印度(关于印度的或来自印度)的英语文学作品为基础,在很大程度上忽略了印度其他本土语言的文学作品,从而造成了印度文学实践与理论之间的鸿沟;最后,在印度本土的语境中,“英语”和“世界”的概念是多维的,受阶级和种姓的影响,中心—边缘、当地-全球、普遍—特殊、流散—本土、个人—集体的框架变得简化。本文所列举的两部小说表明,分析英语世界文学的范式必须是比较的、翻译的、地方的、多语种与世界的。