Insights on advanced g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage:Applications,challenges,and future

Graphitic carbon nitride(g‐C_(3)N_(4))is a highly recognized two‐dimensional semiconductor material known for its exceptional chemical and physical stability,environmental friendliness,and pollution‐free advantages.These remarkable properties have sparked extensive research in the field of energy storage.This review paper presents the latest advances in the utilization of g‐C_(3)N_(4)in various energy storage technologies,including lithium‐ion batteries,lithium‐sulfur batteries,sodium‐ion batteries,potassium‐ion batteries,and supercapacitors.One of the key strengths of g‐C_(3)N_(4)lies in its simple preparation process along with the ease of optimizing its material structure.It possesses abundant amino and Lewis basic groups,as well as a high density of nitrogen,enabling efficient charge transfer and electrolyte solution penetration.Moreover,the graphite‐like layered structure and the presence of largeπbonds in g‐C_(3)N_(4)contribute to its versatility in preparing multifunctional materials with different dimensions,element and group doping,and conjugated systems.These characteristics open up possibilities for expanding its application in energy storage devices.This article comprehensively reviews the research progress on g‐C_(3)N_(4)in energy storage and highlights its potential for future applications in this field.By exploring the advantages and unique features of g‐C_(3)N_(4),this paper provides valuable insights into harnessing the full potential of this material for energy storage applications.

In situ luminescence measurements of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) film under different energy proton irradiations

Ion beam-induced luminescence(IBIL) experiments were performed to investigate the in situ luminescence of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) at varying ion energies,which allowed for the measurement of defects at different depths within the material.The energies of H^(+)were set to 500 keV,640 keV and 2 MeV,the Bragg peaks of which correspond to the GaN film,GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) heterojunction and Al_(2)O_(3) substrate,respectively.A photoluminescence measurement at 250 K was also performed for comparison,during which only near band edge(NBE) and yellow band luminescence in the GaN film were observed.The evolution of the luminescence of the NBE and yellow band in the GaN film was discussed,and both exhibited a decrease with the fluence of H^(+).Additionally,the luminescence of F centers,induced by oxygen vacancies,and Cr^(3+),resulting from the ^(2)E →^(4)A_(2) radiative transition in Al_(2)O_(3),were measured using 2 MeV H^(+).The luminescence intensity of F centers increases gradually with the fluence of H^(+).The luminescence evolution of Cr^(3+)is consistent with a yellow band center,attributed to its weak intensity,and it is situated within the emission band of the yellow band in the GaN film.Our results show that IBIL measurement can effectively detect the luminescence behavior of multilayer films by adjusting the ion energy.Luminescence measurement can be excited by various techniques,but IBIL can satisfy in situ luminescence measurement,and multilayer structural materials of tens of micrometers can be measured through IBIL by adjusting the energy of the inducing ions.The evolution of defects at different layers with ion fluence can be obtained.

Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6)∶Bi^(3+),Mn^(4+)材料的发光性能和温度探测

通过高温固相法成功制备了一系列Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6)∶Bi^(3+),Mn^(4+)荧光粉,对其微观结构、形貌、发光特性和温敏特性进行了表征。Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6)∶Bi^(3+),Mn^(4+)荧光粉具有不同温度敏感性的双发射中心,分别来自于Bi^(3+)离子^(3)P_(1)→^(1)S_(0)跃迁和Mn^(4+)离子的^(2)E_(g)→^(4)A_(2g)跃迁。由于Bi^(3+)、Mn^(4+)离子的发光强度随温度变化的规律不同,利用该特性进行测温研究,在200~500 K范围内,该荧光粉的最大绝对灵敏度和相对灵敏度分别达到0.027 K^(-1)和1.83%·K^(-1),并且观察到荧光粉的发光颜色由橙黄色逐渐变为紫红色。实验结果表明,Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6)∶Bi^(3+),Mn^(4+)荧光粉作为光学测温材料在温度探测方面有一定的潜力。

Bi^(3+)、Eu^(3+)共掺杂La_(4)GeO_(8)荧光粉的制备及可调发光

为了开发出高效稳定的单一基质白光发射荧光材料,本工作通过高温固相法成功合成了一系列La_(4)GeO_(8)∶Bi^(3+),Eu^(3+)荧光粉样品,并通过X射线衍射、室温光谱、变温光谱等手段研究了实验样品的结构与发光性能。研究发现,Bi^(3+)离子在该结构中占据两种不同的格位(Bi^(3+)(Ⅰ)和Bi^(3+)(Ⅱ)),且在紫外光激发下呈现两个峰值分别在475 nm和620 nm的宽带发射。对于Bi^(3+)、Eu^(3+)共掺样品,由于Bi^(3+)(Ⅰ)与Eu^(3+)之间的竞争吸收、Bi^(3+)(Ⅰ)至Bi^(3+)(Ⅱ)以及Bi^(3+)(Ⅱ)至Eu^(3+)的能量传递作用,可实现蓝色至红色、橙红色至红色的可调发光。特别地,样品La_(4)GeO_(8)∶0.07Bi^(3+),0.06Eu^(3+)在313 nm光激发下可获得CIE值为(0.335,0.319)的优异白色发光。此外,该白光发射材料具有较佳的发光热稳定性,当温度升高至380 K时,发光积分强度仍然为室温的59%,表明其在白光二极管上具有潜在的应用价值。

Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)掺杂对Cs_(3)DyCl_(6)钙钛矿光学性能的影响

A_(2)B′BCl_(6)双钙钛矿因其极强的空气稳定性、出色的光学性能而被应用于发光材料。以Cs^(+)作为A^(+)、Dy^(3+)替代Pb^(2+)、Cl^(-)作为卤素合成新的镝基钙钛矿纳米晶体Cs_(3)DyCl_(6),以Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)作为激发剂掺杂,成功制备了非铅钙钛矿材料,研究了Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)掺杂对钙钛矿发光特性的影响。结果表明:Cs_(3)DyCl_(6)是一种具有高效激发和宽带发射特性的基质,在不添加任何激发剂的情况下就能够发出蓝绿光。在Sb^(3+)掺杂下,材料的发光向黄光方向移动,随着Sb^(3+)掺杂浓度的继续提高,发光强度开始下降,最佳掺杂比例为5%;Bi^(3+)掺杂时的Cs_(3)DyCl_(6)光学性能与Sb^(3+)掺杂下非常相似,当Bi^(3+)掺杂比例为1%时,发光强度达到最大值,Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)掺杂能够有效地改善Cs_(3)DyCl_(6)的光学性能。

红色荧光粉CaWO_(4)∶Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)的制备和光学性能的研究

本文采用高温固相法合成了一系列红色荧光粉CaWO_(4)∶Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计等手段,对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌、光学性能、能量传递方式、荧光寿命和热稳定性进行了表征。结果表明,当Eu^(3+)和Bi^(3+)的掺杂浓度分别为7%和2%时(摩尔分数),荧光粉红色发光(615 nm)最强,理论计算得到荧光粉的平均颗粒尺寸为50.27 nm,这与电子显微镜观察结果相符合。能量传递方式以电偶极-电四极相互作用为主,对CaWO_(4)∶7%Eu^(3+),yBi^(3+)(y=0~6%)系列荧光粉进行了荧光寿命测量,发现它们荧光寿命基本相同,都在0.56 ms左右。对CaWO_(4)∶7%Eu^(3+),2%Bi^(3+)荧光粉在不同温度下的光谱进行比较,并且计算相应的色度坐标,当温度升高时,色度坐标整体左移,发光强度有所变弱,但整体来说热稳定性较好。较好的热稳定性和明亮红光发射表明该荧光粉可以作为潜在商用红光荧光粉。

In^(3+)、Sb^(3+)、Bi^(3+)掺杂对双钙钛矿Cs_(2)NaDyCl_(6)发光性能的调控

A2B′BCl_(6)型双钙钛矿因其极强的空气稳定性和出色的光学性能而被应用于发光材料。使用Na离子替代式掺杂合成非铅体系钙钛矿材料Cs_(2)NaDyCl_(6),引入In^(3+)、Sb^(3+)和Bi^(3+)等掺杂元素对双钙钛矿Cs_(2)NaDyCl_(6)发光性能进行调控。结果表明:通过In^(3+)的掺杂,拓宽了材料的发射区间,进一步提高了其光学性能;Bi^(3+)掺杂能够使钙钛矿的发射光发生红移现象,Sb^(3+)掺杂可以使钙钛矿的发射光发生蓝移现象,Sb^(3+)和Bi^(3+)共同掺杂能够平衡钙钛矿在可见光区域的发射;在In^(3+)、Sb^(3+)、Bi^(3+)三种元素的共同掺杂下,Cs_(2)NaDy_(0.445)In_(0.445)Cl_(6)∶0.1Bi 0.01Sb成功实现了白光发射,在265 nm波长激发下,其CIE色坐标为(0.34,0.35),色温达到5314 K,显色指数高达94。

Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)掺杂对Cs_(2)ADyCl_(6)(A=Li,Na,K)发光性能的影响

A2B′BCl_(6)型双钙钛矿因其极强的空气稳定性和出色的光学特性而被应用于发光材料。以Cs^(+)作为A^(+),Dy^(3+)替代Pb^(2+),Cl^(-)作为卤素制备新的镝基钙钛矿纳米晶体Cs_(3)DyCl_(6),使用Li、Na、K离子替代式掺杂合成Cs_(2)ADyCl_(6)(A=Li,Na,K)非铅体系钙钛矿材料,通过掺杂Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)作为激发剂实现了不同发光性能的调控。结果表明:Cs_(2)NaDyCl_(6)发射曲线更加平滑且在蓝光与黄光区域均可实现发射,表现出优异的光学特性;通过Sb^(3+)/Bi^(3+)掺杂,双钙钛矿的光学特性得到显著提升,Na^(+)和Sb^(3+)的共同作用可以使钙钛矿材料发光产生蓝移,而Na^(+)与Bi^(3+)的共同作用则可以使其发光产生红移。

(Sr,Ba)_(2)LaAlO_(5)∶Bi^(3+)固溶体荧光粉的发光特性研究

通过高温固相法成功合成了一系列Sr_(2)LaAlO_(5)∶xBi^(3+)蓝色荧光粉,并通过等价阳离子取代,合成了一系列发光颜色可调的Sr_(2-y)Ba_(y)LaAlO_(5)∶0.02Bi^(3+)固溶体荧光粉。通过X射线衍射、发射光谱、激发光谱、荧光显微和量子产率测试对荧光粉的物相结构及发光特性进行表征,并分析了阳离子取代对发光特性的影响。在322 nm激发下,Sr_(2)LaAlO_(5)∶xBi^(3+)荧光粉的发射峰位于452 nm。在最优的Bi^(3+)掺杂浓度下,通过Ba2+取代Sr2+,发现Sr_(2-y)Ba_(y)LaAlO_(5)∶0.02Bi^(3+)荧光粉的发光在蓝绿色区域规律红移,荧光粉的光谱变化主要是由于晶体场劈裂和散射效应造成的。此外,随着激发波长增加,Sr_(2)LaAlO_(5)∶0.02Bi^(3+)荧光粉发射光谱逐渐红移,表明Bi^(3+)占据不同的阳离子位点,形成多个发光中心。得益于多激发和多发射的发光特性,制备的Sr_(2-y)Ba_(y)LaAlO_(5)∶0.02Bi^(3+)固溶体荧光粉可以成为防伪应用中的潜在候选材料。

Bi^(3+)掺杂无铅双钙钛矿Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na0_(.4)InCl_(6)的发光性质

现需开发一种低耗能、绿色环保制备双钙钛矿荧光粉的工艺,并将其他金属离子掺入该基质,获得一种高量子效率的新型发光材料.本文采用微波固相法制备了Bi^(3+)掺杂无铅双钙钛矿Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na0_(.4)InCl_(6)荧光粉,该方法无需配体辅助,绿色环保.通过X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对晶体结构和形貌进行表征,并通过激发光谱、发射光谱和时间分辨光谱以及量子效率对其发光性能进行研究.结果表明:1)Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na0_(.4)InCl_(6)为立方晶体,属于Fm3 m空间群,晶粒形貌为不规则颗粒;2)当Bi^(3+)的最佳掺杂浓度为0.0013 mmol时,Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na0_(.4)InCl_(6)材料发射中心波长为562 nm,平均荧光寿命达到2.60μs,量子效率达到45.28%;3)当Bi^(3+)离子浓度超过0.0013 mmol时,会产生明显的浓度猝灭效应,主要是因为Bi^(3+)离子之间电四极-电四极(q-q)相互作用;4)Cs_(2)Ag_(0.6)Na0_(.4)InCl_(6)掺杂Bi^(3+)荧光粉的色度坐标(CIE)位于黄光区域,是一种具有潜在应用价值的暖白光LED用黄色荧光粉.

Polypyride intercalation boosting the kinetics and stability of V_(3)O_(7)·H_(2)O cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

V_(3)O_(7)·H_(2)O(VO)is a high capacity cathode material in the field of aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs),but it is limited by slow ion migration and low electrical conductivity.In this paper,polypyridine(PPyd)intercalated VO with nanoribbon structure was prepared by a simple in-situ pre-intercalation,which is noted VO-PPyd.The total density of states(TDOS)shows that after the pre-intercalation of PPyd,an intermediate energy level appears between the valence band and conduction band,which provides a step that can effectively reduce the band gap and enhance the electron conductivity.Furthermore,the density functional theory(DFT)results found that Zn^(2+)is more easily de-intercalated from the V-O skeleton,which proves that the embeddedness of PPyd improves the diffusion kinetics of Zn^(2+).Electrochemical studies have shown that VO-PPyd cathode materials exhibit excellent rate performance(high specific capacity of 465 and 192 mA h g^(-1)at 0.2 and 10 A g^(-1),respectively)and long-term cycling performance(92.7%capacity retention rate after 5300 cycles),due to their advantages in structure and composition.More importantly,the energy density of VO-PPyd//Zn at 581 and 5806 W kg^(-1)is 375 and 247 W h kg^(-1),respectively.VO-PPyd exhibits excellent electrochemical properties compared to previously reported vanadium based cathodes,which makes it highly competitive in the field of high-performance cathode materials of AZIBs.

非稀土激活耐高温蓝紫色Zn_(3)B_(2)O_(6)∶Bi^(3+)荧光粉的发光特性研究

完全人工光控植物生长技术的快速发展对光源的要求精益求精,发光强度高、热稳定性良好的蓝紫色荧光粉是植物生长的关键材料。本文采用固相法合成了非稀土Bi^(3+)激活耐高温蓝紫色Zn_(3)B_(2)O_(6)∶xBi^(3+)(0≤x≤0.03)荧光粉。X射线衍射和能谱分析结果表明Bi^(3+)成功进入Zn_(3)B_(2)O_(6)基质晶格。荧光光谱观察到Zn_(3)B_(2)O_(6)∶xBi^(3+)荧光粉在430 nm(3P1~1S0)处呈现窄带蓝紫光,半峰全宽仅为56 nm,最佳Bi3+掺杂浓度为0.02。依据激发光谱峰形和寿命衰减行为,证明了Bi^(3+)在Zn_(3)B_(2)O_(6)基质中仅占据Zn格位。另外,Zn_(3)B_(2)O_(6)∶0.02Bi3+荧光粉发射光谱在423 K下的发射峰强和积分面积均为室温下的85%,表明该样品具有优良的热稳定性和潜在的高温器件应用。Zn_(3)B_(2)O_(6)∶0.02Bi^(3+)的发射光谱分别占叶绿素a/b吸收光谱(370~525 nm)的70.4%和84.6%,表明该合成蓝紫色荧光粉在植物生长领域的潜在应用。

Solid-state NMR study on sodium intercalation at low voltage window for Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) as an anode

In-situ XRD,^(31)P NMR and ^(23)Na NMR were used to analyze the interaction behavior of Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) at low voltage,and then a new intercalation model was proposed.During the transition from Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) to Na_(4)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),Na ions insert into M1,M2 and M3 sites simultaneously.Afterwards,during the transition of Na_(4)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)to Na_(5)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3),Na ions mainly insert into M3 site.

Robust Cross-Linked Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3) Full Sodium-Ion Batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have rapidly risen to the forefront of energy storage systems as a promising supplementary for Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)as a common cathode of SIBs,features the merits of high operating voltage,small volume change and favorable specific energy density.However,it suffers from poor cycling stability and rate performance induced by its low intrinsic conductivity.Herein,we propose an ingenious strategy targeting superior SIBs through cross-linked NVPF with multi-dimensional nanocarbon frameworks composed of amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes(NVPF@C@CNTs).This rational design ensures favorable particle size for shortened sodium ion transmission pathway as well as improved electronic transfer network,thus leading to enhanced charge transfer kinetics and superior cycling stability.Benefited from this unique structure,significantly improved electrochemical properties are obtained,including high specific capacity(126.9 mAh g^(-1)at 1 C,1 C=128 mA g^(-1))and remarkably improved long-term cycling stability with 93.9%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 20 C.The energy density of 286.8 Wh kg^(-1)can be reached for full cells with hard carbon as anode(NVPF@C@CNTs//HC).Additionally,the electrochemical performance of the full cell at high temperature is also investigated(95.3 mAh g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 1 C at 50℃).Such nanoscale dual-carbon networks engineering and thorough discussion of ion diffusion kinetics might make contributions to accelerating the process of phosphate cathodes in SIBs for large-scale energy storages.

Interfacial built-in electric field and crosslinking pathways enabling WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction with robust sodium storage at low temperature

Developing efficient energy storage for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by creating high-performance heterojunctions and understanding their interfacial interaction at the atomic/molecular level holds promise but is also challenging.Besides,sluggish reaction kinetics at low temperatures restrict the operation of SIBs in cold climates.Herein,cross-linking nanoarchitectonics of WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,featuring built-in electric field(BIEF),have been developed,employing as a model to reveal the positive effect of heterojunction design and BIEF for modifying the reaction kinetics and electrochemical activity.Particularly,the theoretical analysis manifests the discrepancy in work functions leads to the electronic flow from the electron-rich Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) to layered WS_(2),spontaneously forming the BIEF and“ion reservoir”at the heterogeneous interface.Besides,the generation of cross-linking pathways further promotes the transportation of electrons/ions,which guarantees rapid diffusion kinetics and excellent structure coupling.Consequently,superior sodium storage performance is obtained for the WS_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction,with only 0.2%decay per cycle at 5.0 A g^(-1)(25℃)up to 1000 cycles and a high capacity of 293.5 mA h g^(-1)(0.1A g^(-1)after 100 cycles)even at-20℃.Importantly,the spontaneously formed BIEF,accompanied by“ion reservoir”,in heterojunction provides deep understandings of the correlation between structure fabricated and performance obtained.

Extending the solid solution range of sodium ferric pyrophosphate:Off‐stoichiometric Na_(3)Fe(2.5)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)as a novel cathode for sodium‐ion batteries

Iron‐based pyrophosphates are attractive cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries due to their large framework,cost‐effectiveness,and high energy density.However,the understanding of the crystal structure is scarce and only a limited candidates have been reported so far.In this work,we found for the first time that a continuous solid solution,Na_(4−α)Fe_(2+α)_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)(0≤α≤1,could be obtained by mutual substitution of cations at center‐symmetric Na3 and Na4 sites while keeping the crystal building blocks of anionic P_(2)O_(7) unchanged.In particular,a novel off‐stoichiometric Na_(3)Fe(2.5)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2)is thus proposed,and its structure,energy storage mechanism,and electrochemical performance are extensively investigated to unveil the structure–function relationship.The as‐prepared off‐stoichiometric electrode delivers appealing performance with a reversible discharge capacity of 83 mAh g^(−1),a working voltage of 2.9 V(vs.Na^(+)/Na),the retention of 89.2%of the initial capacity after 500 cycles,and enhanced rate capability of 51 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 1600 mA g^(−1).This research shows that sodium ferric pyrophosphate could form extended solid solution composition and promising phase is concealed in the range of Na_(4−α)Fe_(2+α)_(2)(P_(2)O_(7))_(2),offering more chances for exploration of new cathode materials for the construction of high‐performance SIBs.

Effects of anti-CD4 antibody treatment on calcium ions influx in peanut-sensitized C3H/HeJ mice

The precise mechanism underlying the effects of anti-CD4 antibody and calcium ions(Ca^(2+)) in peanut allergy remains unknown.C3 H/HeJ mice sensitized with peanut protein extract(PPE)were injected with anti-CD4 antibodies for 4 weeks.Stimulation with PPE increased the specific immunoglobulin E(IgE),cytokine,histamine,and mMcp-1 levels,upregulated decorin(Dcn)expression,induced Ca^(2+) inflow in the spleen,and augmented the expression of the transcription factors GATA-3 and Foxp3,which resulted in Th2 and Treg cell activation.Notably,the Ca^(2+) levels were positively correlated with the histamine,interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,and IL-13 levels,and negatively correlated with IL-10 levels.However,administration of anti-CD4 antibodies markedly alleviated allergic symptoms,activated T cells,and reduced Ca^(2+) inflow,cytokine,histamine,mMcp-1,and the IgHG3,CXCLI2,MMP2 and FABP4 gene.Our results indicated that anti-CD4 antibodies can ameliorate PPE-induced allergy,which is probably related to the suppression of Ca^(2+) inflow,and inhibiting histamine,cytokine and IgHG3,CXCL12,MMP2,and FABP4,thus exerting a protective effect against PPEsensitized food allergy.

Sb_(2)S_(3)/石墨烯负极材料的制备及其储钠性能研究

钠离子电池(sodium-ion batteries,SIBs)具有成本低的潜在优势,有望成为替代锂离子电池(lithium ion batteries,LIBs)的储能设备。为提升钠离子电池的性能,开发出适应钠离子脱嵌的负极材料尤为重要。硫化锑(Sb_(2)S_(3))因其理论比容量高被认为是较好的钠离子电池负极材料。本文使用简单水热法将Sb_(2)S_(3)与石墨烯复合,制备Sb_(2)S_(3)/石墨烯复合材料(Sb_(2)S_(3)/Gr)。结果表明:Sb_(2)S_(3)/Gr作为钠离子电池负极时,不仅表现出良好的电导率(3.5×10~(-3)S/cm)和钠离子扩散速率(4.853×10~(-13)cm~2/s),而且在0.5 A/g的电流密度下,首圈库伦效率为76.27%,经150次循环后的比容量稳定在488 m A·h/g,表现出较高的比容量。Sb_(2)S_(3)/Gr复合材料表现出了极大的应用潜力,为高性能钠离子电池负极材料的研发提供了一定的参考价值。

Bi^(3+)、Eu^(3+)共掺双钙钛矿Gd_(2)ZnTiO_(6)荧光粉制备及其温度传感性能

采用高温固相法制备了一系列具有双发射中心的Gd_(2(1-x-y))ZnTiO_(6)∶xBi^(3+),y Eu^(3+)荧光粉。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、荧光光谱、寿命衰减曲线和变温发射光谱等方法,系统地研究了该材料的结构、发光性能和温度传感特性。在Gd_(2)ZnTiO_(6)∶Bi^(3+),Eu^(3+)荧光粉中,Bi^(3+)和Eu^(3+)离子占据了Gd^(3+)离子的位置。在紫外激发下,Eu^(3+)的激发光谱和Bi^(3+)的发射光谱存在光谱重叠,表明从Bi^(3+)到Eu^(3+)可能存在能量传递。通过荧光强度比技术探究了Bi^(3+)蓝光发射与Eu^(3+)红光发射的不同温度响应特性。在293~473 K温度范围内,测得Gd_(2)ZnTiO_(6)∶Bi^(3+),Eu^(3+)荧光粉的最大相对温度灵敏度为1.133%·K^(-1),最大绝对灵敏度为0.73%·K^(-1)。因此,Gd_(2)ZnTiO_(6)∶Bi^(3+),Eu^(3+)荧光粉是一种有潜力的非接触式光学测温材料。

P2X7R过表达的巨噬细胞MSU晶体诱导痛风炎症反应过程中IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3表达观察

目的观察嘌呤能受体P2X配体门控离子通道7的配体(P2X7R)过表达白血病细胞诱导分化的巨噬细胞单钠尿酸盐(MSU)晶体诱导痛风炎症反应过程中NOD样受体家族3(NLRP3)蛋白、IL-1β、TNF-α表达情况。方法取人单核细胞白血病细胞系THP-1,并随机分为过表达组、空白组、模型组、对照组;过表达组和空白组分别转染P2X7R过表达质粒、空白载体质粒,转染5 d,将过表达组、空白组、模型组THP-1细胞用100 ng/mL的PMA刺激3 h后分化为巨噬细胞,另将MSU晶体用氢氧化钠溶解配制成浓度为100μg/mL的MSU乳糜状悬液加入培养液中孵育6 h;对照组正常培养。分别采用RT-PCR法和Western blot法测算巨噬细胞P2X7R mRNA、蛋白,ELISA法检测巨噬细胞上清液IL-1β、TNF-α,Western blot法测算巨噬细胞NOD样受体家族3(NLRP3)蛋白。结果与对照组比较,过表达组、空白组、模型组P2X7R mRNA和蛋白相对表达量升高,细胞上清液IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高,细胞NLRP3蛋白相对表达量升高(P均<0.05);与模型组、空白组比较,过表达组P2X7R mRNA、蛋白相对表达量升高,细胞上清液IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高,细胞NLRP3蛋白相对表达量升高(P均<0.05)。结论P2X7R过表达白血病细胞诱导分化的巨噬细胞MSU晶体诱导痛风炎症反应过程中IL-1β、TNF-α、NLRP3表达增加,IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高可能通过激活NLRP3蛋白来实现。