Mode-I fracture and durability of FRP-concrete bonded interfaces

In this study, a work-of-fracture method using a three-point bend beam （3PBB） specimen, which is commonly used to determine the fracture energy of concrete, was adapted to evaluate the mode-I fracture and durability of fiber-reinforced polymer （FRP） composite-concrete bonded interfaces. Interface fracture properties were evaluated with established data reduction procedures. The proposed test method is primarily for use in evaluating the effects of freeze-thaw （F-T） and wet-dry （W-D） cycles that are the accelerated aging protocols on the mode-I fracture of carbon FRP-concrete bonded interfaces. The results of the mode-I fracture tests of F-T and W-D cycle-conditioned specimens show that both the critical load and fracture energy decrease as the number of cycles increases, and their degradation pattern has a nearly linear relationship with the number of cycles. However, compared with the effect of the F-T cycles, the critical load and fracture energy degrade at a slower rate with W-D cycles, which suggests that F-T cyclic conditioning causes more deterioration of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer （CFRP）-concrete bonded interface. After 50 and 100 conditioning cycles, scaling of concrete was observed in all the specimens subjected to F-T cycles, but not in those subjected to W-D cycles. The examination of interface fracture surfaces along the bonded interfaces with varying numbers of F-T and W-D conditioning cycles shows that （1） cohesive failure of CFRP composites is not observed in all fractured surfaces; （2） for the control specimens that have not been exposed to any conditioning cycles, the majority of interface failure is a result of cohesive fracture of concrete （peeling of concrete from the concrete substrate）, which means that the cracks mostly propagate within the concrete; and （3） as the number of F-T or W-D conditioning cycles increases, adhesive failure along the interface begins to emerge and gradually increases. It is thus concluded that the fracture properties （i.e., the critical load and fracture energy） of the bonded interface are controlled primarily by the concrete cohesive fracture before conditioning and by the adhesive interface fracture after many cycles of F-T or W-D conditioning. As demonstrated in this study, a test method using 3PBB specimens combined with a fictitious crack model and experimental conditioning protocols for durability can be used as an effective qualification method to test new hybrid material interface bonds and to evaluate durability-related effects on the interfaces.

Investigation on Fracture Behavior of FRP-Concrete Interface under Direct Shear

In this study, the authors reviewed and compared the existing researches on debonding performance of FRP-Concrete Interface under direct shear firstly. Following that, two determinants of the debonding ultimate bearing capacity of FRP-Concrete Interface under pure shear are introduced into this study, namely fracture-resisting force at the undamaged area and friction stress transferred along the already debonded surface. The authors deduced the formulae on fracture energy for FRP-Concrete Interface and obtained the values for fracture energy and friction stress at FRP-Concrete Interface based on the experimental results of eight specimens of FRP-Concrete Interface. On the basis of theoretical frame mentioned above, the authors concluded that the friction-resisting stress transferred along the deteriorated bi-material interface is independent of length of FRP bonded onto concrete substrates and concrete strength, but it relies on the tension rigidity （i.e., the layers of the bonding FRP, it is found that the friction stress declines substantially while the layers of FRP increases bonded to concrete substrate）. On the contrary, cohesive fracture energy is dependent on length of FRP bonded to concrete substrate and the tension stiffness of bi-material interface. In addition, the percentage of the fracture-resisting force in the ultimate debonding load at the interface decreases with the bonding length of FRP increasing, but increases with the increase of the layers of the FRP.

Influence of construction interfaces on dynamic characteristics of roller compacted concrete dams

To study the influence of construction interfaces on dynamic characteristics of roller compacted concrete dams(RCCDs),mechanical properties of construction interfaces are firstly analyzed. Then, the viscous-spring artificial boundary(VSAB) is adopted to simulate the radiation damping of their infinite foundations, and based on the Marc software, a simplified seismic motion input method is presented by the equivalent nodal loads. Finally, based on the practical engineering of a RCC gravity dam, effects of radiation damping and construction interfaces on the dynamic characteristics of dams are investigated in detail. Analysis results show that dynamic response of the RCC gravity dam significantly reduces about 25% when the radiation damping of infinite foundation is considered. Hot interfaces and the normal cold interfaces have little influence on the dynamic response of the RCC gravity dam.However, nonlinear fracture along the cold interfaces at the dam heel will occur under the designed earthquake if the cold interfaces are combined poorly. Therefore, to avoid the fractures along the construction interfaces under the potential super earthquakes,combination quality of the RCC layers should be significantly ensured.

Influence of interface morphology on dynamic behavior and energy dissipation of bi-material discs

To investigate the dynamic behavior and energy dissipation of the rock−concrete interface,dynamic splitting tests on bi-material discs were conducted by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar.The test results reveal that with the change of the interface inclination angles(θ),the influence of interface groove width on the bearing capacity of specimens also varies.Whenθincreases from 0°to 30°,the bearing capacity of the specimen increases first and then decreases with the rise of the interface groove width;the optimal groove width on the rock surface in this range of interface inclination angles is 5 mm.Whenθincreases from 45°to 90°,the bearing capacity of the specimen has no obvious change.Moreover,whenθincreases from 0°to 45°,the dissipated energy of the specimens rises obviously at first and then tends to be stable as the width of the interface groove increases.

A sophisticated simulation for the fracture behavior of concrete material using XFEM

The development of a powerful numerical model to simulate the fracture behavior of concrete material has long been one of the dominant research areas in earthquake engineering. A reliable model should be able to adequately represent the discontinuous characteristics of cracks and simulate various failure behaviors under complicated loading conditions. In this paper, a numerical formulation, which incorporates a sophisticated rigid-plastic interface constitutive model coupling cohesion softening, contact, friction and shear dilatation into the XFEM, is proposed to describe various crack behaviors of concrete material. An effective numerical integration scheme for accurately assembling the contribution to the weak form on both sides of the discontinuity is introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been assessed by simulating several well-known experimental tests. It is concluded that the numerical method can successfully capture the crack paths and accurately predict the fracture behavior of concrete structures. The influence ofmode-Ⅱ parameters on the mixed-mode fracture behavior is further investigated to better determine these parameters.

Effect of Randomness of Interfacial Properties on Fracture Behavior of Concrete Under Uniaxial Tension

Interfacial transition zones （ITZs） between aggregates and mortar are the weakest parts in concrete. The random aggregate generation and packing algorithm was utilized to create a two-phase concrete model, and the zero-thickness cohesive elements with different normal distribution parameters were used to model the ITZs with random mechanical properties. A number of uniaxial tension-induced fracture simulations were carried out, and the effects of the random parameters on the fracture behavior of concrete were statistically analyzed. The results show that, different from the dissipated fracture energy, the peak load of concrete does not always obey a normal distribution, when the elastic stiffness, tensile strength, or fracture energy of ITZs is normally distributed. The tensile strength of the ITZs has a significant effect on the fracture behavior of concrete, and its large standard deviation leads to obvious diversity of the fracture path in both location and shape.

混凝土-岩石界面断裂试验研究进展

对于建在岩基上的混凝土结构,混凝土/岩石界面是影响结构强度和稳定的薄弱环节,界面含有的裂纹缺陷在复杂荷载条件下可能扩展,从而导致工程结构的损伤破坏。开展混凝土/岩石界面的断裂试验研究,确定其断裂参数和断裂性能,对提高结构的稳定性和耐久性具有重要意义。虽然关于混凝土和岩石的断裂均已有较多的试验研究,但针对两者之间界面断裂特性的研究尚处于起步阶段。对混凝土/岩石界面在静态和动态荷载作用下的断裂试验研究进行了综述。介绍了相关的试验方法和试验装置,分析了混凝土/岩石界面在静态和动态荷载作用下的断裂参数和裂纹扩展过程,并探讨了其在动态荷载作用下的应变率效应。

基于解析方法的FRP增强混凝土梁失稳前断裂过程分析

为研究FRP增强混凝土梁失稳前断裂过程,该文基于混凝土断裂力学理论和非线性FRP-混凝土界面粘结滑移规律,建立了一个跨中裂缝导致界面脱粘的粘聚区模型,采用解析方法推导了FRP增强混凝土梁界面剪切应力、FRP拉应力以及失稳前断裂韧度的公式,为分析FRP-混凝土界面脱粘提供了一种有效的方法,并开展了动态荷载下4种不同初始缝高比(0.2、0.3、0.4和0.5)的FRP增强混凝土梁三点弯曲试验。结果表明,FRP增强混凝土梁的起裂荷载和阻裂荷载随着初始缝高比的增大而逐渐减小,但初始缝高比为0.4时,试件起裂最晚;起裂韧度和阻裂韧度不随初始缝高比的变化而变化,表现出与其他文献类似的规律,验证了断裂韧度解析解的正确性。

双材料界面断裂力学模型与实验方法

纤维增强聚合物(FRP)质轻、高强,可提高结构的刚度、强度、抗震性能和耐久性,近年来在结构加固及工程改造中得到广泛应用.FRP与传统复合材料之间形成双材料黏结界面,界面断裂特性是决定双材料结构性能的关键因素.对双材料界面裂纹尖端应力场理论、界面裂纹模型、黏结界面Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型及混合型断裂试验及理论研究现状进行综合评述和分析.界面模型主要有经典梁/板理论和刚性节点模型、考虑剪切变形的双亚层理论和半刚性节点模型、基于双亚层理论的柔性节点模型、考虑剪切变形的多层亚层理论和多亚层柔性节点模型、弹性地基梁模型以及黏聚模型.还介绍了双材料界面断裂力学在FRP-混凝土研究中的应用.

混凝土-环氧树脂黏结界面的断裂性能分析

采用夹心楔入劈拉试件并结合双K断裂模型研究混凝土-环氧树脂黏结界面断裂性能.相比于原混凝土试件,环氧树脂注胶后形成的夹心试件的起裂荷载、极限荷载、双K断裂参数以及断裂能均有增长,而黏聚断裂韧度值没有提高;粗糙界面试件的黏聚断裂韧度试验值与采用软化曲线计算得到的黏聚断裂韧度计算值相等,光滑界面试件由于壁效应的存在,黏聚断裂韧度较低.可以认为环氧树脂注胶技术推迟了裂缝的再开展,使得起裂断裂韧度提高,采用起裂断裂韧度代入裂缝偏折判断条件进行界面裂缝偏折判断时,结果与试验相符.

FRP-混凝土三点受弯梁损伤粘结模型有限元分析

该文采用双线形损伤粘结模型研究带切口FRP-混凝土三点受弯梁(3PBB)I型加载下的界面断裂性能。通过有限元参数分析,详细讨论了界面粘结强度、界面粘结能、混凝土抗拉强度、混凝土断裂能对3PBB受力性能的影响。数值模拟表明,FRP-混凝土界面有两种破坏形式,包括FRP-混凝土界面的损伤脱粘和界面混凝土的损伤脱粘破坏,与实验所观察到的现象一致。两种破坏形式尽管在宏观上均表现为界面脱粘,但破坏机制却不同。FRP-混凝土界面的损伤粘结模型与混凝土的拉伸塑性损伤模型相结合,不但再现了3PBB的宏观力学性能,数值分析得到的荷载-位移曲线接近实验结果,而且还能详细展示FRP-混凝土界面的损伤、断裂破坏过程以及损伤在FRP-混凝土界面和界面混凝土之间的转移,能够预测构件的承载力,有助于界面优化设计,这是单纯以能量判据预测裂纹发展的经典断裂力学方法所无法做到的。

ECC-混凝土黏结界面断裂试验研究

采用双材料楔入劈拉试件,研究了超高韧性水泥基复合材料(ECC)与混凝土黏结界面的断裂性能,讨论了最粗糙面、次粗糙面和光滑面3种界面粗糙度对界面破坏模式及断裂韧度的影响;结合界面力学理论,分析了裂缝偏折破坏与界面破坏的发生及界面粗糙度对裂缝偏折的影响.结果表明:对于最粗糙和次粗糙界面试件,以骨料-ECC黏结界面破坏及小角度偏折界面破坏为主,而光滑界面试件以界面破坏为主;提高黏结界面粗糙度可以使黏结界面的强度有一定程度的提高,并且界面裂缝在加载过程中易于偏向ECC,可实现ECC的裂缝捕捉,因此,当黏结界面受力状况不明确时,应尽量提高ECC-混凝土界面粗糙度,避免发生界面破坏,从而最大地发挥ECC效用.

碾压混凝土坝渗流场分析的缝面渗流平面单元模拟法

针对碾压混凝土坝成层施工的结构特点及其渗流特性,笔者在非均质各向异性等效连续体模型的基础上,提出可精细而又方便地模拟大坝中层面、缝面和裂缝等渗流行为的缝面渗流平面单元模型。在没有增加计算网格结点的前提下,不但能高效率地刻画出层面和缝面所带来的坝体强渗透各向异性的特点,而且又能极容易地对那些局部零星分布的有强集中渗透能力的冷缝和裂缝等缝隙进行逐个细致地模拟,坝体的渗流实际情况在数值模型中得到了甚为客观的展现,提高了大坝渗流场的计算分析精度,基本上完整地解决了碾压混凝土坝的渗流建模问题。最后,较详细地进行了一个高102m的大坝的算例分析。

混凝土材料细观结构断裂数值模拟

在细观层次上 ,应用蒙特卡洛法 ,在二维平面上建立了混凝土多边形骨料随机分布结构模型。对该模型采用有限元方法 ,根据最大周向正应力准则 ,以混凝土三点弯曲梁试件为例 ,进行了开裂过程的模拟 ,得出了裂纹在基质、骨料及界面中的扩展路径。仿真分析表明 ,混凝土试件的承载能力随着组成骨料粒径的不同而变化 ,文中对此进行了讨论。

岩石与混凝土界面断裂韧度的分布特性研究

在已有断裂准则和试验数据的基础上,运用概率断裂力学与数理统计的基本理论和方法,对岩石与混凝土界面断裂韧度KIc的分布特性进行了研究,并提供了确定KIc试验最少件数的途径。由于威布尔分布或对数正态分布常用来分析寿命分布问题,故优先考虑这两种模型。通过分析和计算得出:岩石与混凝土界面KIc服从对数正态分布,在置信度为0.9,相对偏差不超过5%的条件下,对应的KIc最少试件数估计在13件左右。通过KIc分布特性的研究,将为岩石与混凝土界面概率断裂分析与施工质量控制提供参考依据。

混凝土异弹模界面裂缝断裂准则的试验研究

对四点加荷试件进行了混凝土导弹模界面裂缝沿非交界面扩展时断裂准则的试验研究，得到了这一问题的临界断裂曲线，并研究了最大拉应力准则及最大拉应变准则在异弹模界面裂缝中的应用问题．

混凝土界面特性与力学性能的细观数值分析

将混凝土等效为由骨料、水泥砂浆及二者间的界面所构成的三相复合材料,利用蒙特卡罗方法建立混凝土随机骨料模型。采用线性应力-裂缝宽度关系来表征混凝土材料的各相软化力学行为,利用扩展有限元法对单轴拉伸条件下混凝土材料的界面特性与力学性能进行数值分析。分析结果表明,随着界面强度提高,混凝土强度、断裂能和延性增大,破坏模式由单一贯通裂纹向多条非贯通裂纹过渡;混凝土弹性模量随界面弹性模量的增加而增大;界面厚度减小时,混凝土材料的强度、弹性模量、断裂能增加,界面厚度对混凝土力学性能弱化作用变小。

层面对带裂纹碾压混凝土强度断裂参数影响

研究层面对带裂纹碾压混凝土强度和断裂参数的影响,发现层面存在使等效强度随削弱度增大递减.单缝和双缝的削弱度分别为0.1、0.2和0.3时,其等效强度分别降低了13.37%、37.44%、46.96%和16.52%、25.46%、19.99%,表明层面对等效强度影响随削弱度的增加而加大,层面对单缝的影响比其对双缝的影响大.由于层面存在,层面间隔4h,层面不作处理时,碾压混凝土断裂韧度降低了17.85%;层面间隔4h,层面处理方式为铺10mm的粉煤灰水泥砂浆时,断裂韧度降低5.67%.

新老混凝土粘结断裂韧度计算方法探讨

本文在新老混凝土粘结试件三点弯曲切口梁断裂试验的基础上 ,对影响新老混凝土粘结面断裂性能的主要因素进行了显著性分析 ,其各因素对粘结断裂韧度影响的显著性大小依次为界面粗糙度、界面剂类型、粘结龄期、混凝土强度、混凝土粗骨料最大粒径等 ,并推导出新老混凝土粘结断裂韧度的多因素计算公式 。

带裂纹碾压混凝土层面强度尺寸和边界效应

研究了碾压混凝土层面中带不同削弱度裂纹时远场强度的尺寸和边界效应,指出对强度影响的不仅仅是试件尺寸,也包括试件边界、裂纹长度和裂纹数量等因素.应用界面断裂力学理论和混凝土Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型断裂准则,对Hu和Wittmann的强度效应律做了理论上的扩展,使之符合碾压层面抗拉强度的断裂特性;最后建立了碾压混凝土层面强度的尺寸与边界效应回归曲线.