Objective:To investigate the correlation of BI-RADS grading with cancer cell proliferation and invasion.Methods: A total of 138 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer in our hospital between August 2015 and Oc...Objective:To investigate the correlation of BI-RADS grading with cancer cell proliferation and invasion.Methods: A total of 138 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer in our hospital between August 2015 and October 2017 were divided into 2 cases at stage Ⅲ, 51 cases at stage Ⅳ and 85 cases at stage Ⅴ after the BI-RADS grading was reviewed. Differences in the expression of proliferation-related genes and invasion-related genes were compared among the three groups of patients.Results: Expressions of pro-proliferation genes MTA2, mTOR, PKM2, Notch1 and FSCN1 mRNA in lesion tissue of patients at stage Ⅴ and Ⅳ were higher than those of patients at stage Ⅲ whereas expressions of anti-proliferation genes BRCA1 and PTEN mRNA were lower than those of patients at stage Ⅲ;expressions of pro-invasion genes Gab2 and NUAK1 mRNA were higher than those of patients at stage Ⅲ whereas expressions of anti-invasion genes EBP50, EDN3, FBXW7 and NDRG1 mRNA were lower than those of patients at stage Ⅲ. With the increase of BI-RADS grades, the expression levels of pro-proliferation genes and pro-invasion genes further increased while the expression levels of anti-proliferation and anti-invasion genes further decreased in the lesion tissue.Conclusions: BI-RADS grading of patients with breast cancer is positively correlated with the proliferation and invasion activity of cancer cells.展开更多
In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit...In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal〉Oxa〉Cit〉Lac〉Suc〉Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.展开更多
In order to shorten the difference between the raw silk size grading standards of the world and that of China, to quicken the step of the electronic raw silk testing process, the distribution of the coefficient of var...In order to shorten the difference between the raw silk size grading standards of the world and that of China, to quicken the step of the electronic raw silk testing process, the distribution of the coefficient of variation (CV50m%) of the raw silk size in the electronic testing and the development of the new standards are studied according to the sampling and grading theory. By the theoretical deduction and the simulating experiments, the distribution of the coefficient of variation of the raw silk size is given, and the grading scheme whose quality index is the coefficient of variation(CV50m%)of the raw silk size and the grading precisions of all grades are proposed. Moreover, the rightness and the feasibility of the grading scheme are testified by the sampling and grading simulation.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the inspection methods and quality grading standards for Codonopsis pilosula seeds. [Method] A total of 27 shares of C. pilosula seeds were collected and surveyed from six c...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the inspection methods and quality grading standards for Codonopsis pilosula seeds. [Method] A total of 27 shares of C. pilosula seeds were collected and surveyed from six counties in Shanxi, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The inspection methods of various indicators, such as purity, 1 000-grain weight, germination rate, vitality and moisture content, were investigated in accordance with Rules for Agricultural Seed Testing (GB/T 3543.1-7, 1995), to develop the appropriate quality inspection method for C. pilosula seeds. Based on the developed inspection method and procedures, the quality of 27 shares of C. pilosula seed samples from different regions was inspected, thus es- tablishing quality grading standards for C. pilosula seeds with K-center clustering method. [Result] C. pilosula seeds are suitable to be cultivated in cool regions. The optimal germination temperature was 25 ~C; the optimal germination bed was gauze bed; the optimal staining conditions were: staining temperature 40 ~, TTC concen- tration 0.5%, staining time 4 h. On the basis of cluster analysis, the quality of C. pilosula seeds could be divided into three grades according to five indicators, includ- ing the purity, 1 000-grain weight, moisture content, vitality, and germination rate. Specifically, vitality and germination rate were important factors of grading standards due to the significant differences, followed by purity, 1 000-grain weight and mois- ture content. [Conclusion] This study provided an important basis for standardized cultivation and industrial development of C. pilosula.展开更多
The existing performance salary system has several grades in the same job title. When the number of workers qualified for promotion is more than the target,quantitative grading is usually adopted to determine salary p...The existing performance salary system has several grades in the same job title. When the number of workers qualified for promotion is more than the target,quantitative grading is usually adopted to determine salary promotion personnel. Scientific,fair and reasonable grading content and standard directly concern income and remuneration of scientific researchers,and also concern recognition and respect degree of contribution made by scientific researchers. Therefore,quantitative grading standard is of the utmost importance to keeping stability,arousing enthusiasm and creativity of scientific researchers,and promoting smooth development of scientific research. Achievements awarded,papers published and project research can reflect scientific research level,ability and working performance of agricultural scientific researchers. This paper takes these three items as examples,analyzes,discusses and compares the establishment and evaluation of quantitative grading standard. It states that " one yardstick" and " one vote veto system" should be adhered to when evaluating using the quantitative grading standard. It is expected to provide reference for organizations of the same trade in establishing quantitative grading standard and conducting evaluation.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the correlation of BI-RADS grading with cancer cell proliferation and invasion.Methods: A total of 138 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer in our hospital between August 2015 and October 2017 were divided into 2 cases at stage Ⅲ, 51 cases at stage Ⅳ and 85 cases at stage Ⅴ after the BI-RADS grading was reviewed. Differences in the expression of proliferation-related genes and invasion-related genes were compared among the three groups of patients.Results: Expressions of pro-proliferation genes MTA2, mTOR, PKM2, Notch1 and FSCN1 mRNA in lesion tissue of patients at stage Ⅴ and Ⅳ were higher than those of patients at stage Ⅲ whereas expressions of anti-proliferation genes BRCA1 and PTEN mRNA were lower than those of patients at stage Ⅲ;expressions of pro-invasion genes Gab2 and NUAK1 mRNA were higher than those of patients at stage Ⅲ whereas expressions of anti-invasion genes EBP50, EDN3, FBXW7 and NDRG1 mRNA were lower than those of patients at stage Ⅲ. With the increase of BI-RADS grades, the expression levels of pro-proliferation genes and pro-invasion genes further increased while the expression levels of anti-proliferation and anti-invasion genes further decreased in the lesion tissue.Conclusions: BI-RADS grading of patients with breast cancer is positively correlated with the proliferation and invasion activity of cancer cells.
基金financially supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-27)the National Program for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of China (GJFP2017003)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘In order to establish grading standards of evaluation indices for sour flavor of apples, 10 indices of samples from 106 apple cultivars were tested, including: malic acid(Mal), oxalic acid(Oxa), citric acid(Cit), lactic acid(Lac), succinic acid(Suc), fumaric acid(Fum), total organic acids(To A, the sum of the six organic acids tested), titratable acid(TiA), acidity value(AcV), and pH value. For most of the cultivars studied(85.8%), the order of the organic acid contents in apples was Mal〉Oxa〉Cit〉Lac〉Suc〉Fum. Mal was the dominant organic acid, on average, accounting for 94.5% of To A. Among the 10 indices, the dispersion of pH value was the smallest with a coefficient of variation of only 8.2%, while the coefficients of variation of the other nine indices were larger, ranging between 31 and 66%. There were significant linear relationships between Mal and two indices(ToA and AcV) as well as between ToA and AcV. There were significant logarithmic relationships between pH value and four indices: Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV. All the equations had very high fitting accuracy and can be used to accurately predict related indices. According to this study, Mal, ToA, and AcV of apple were normally distributed, TiA was close to normally distributed, whereas pH value had a skewed distribution. Using the fitted normal distribution curves, the grading standards of Mal, TiA, ToA, and AcV were established. The grading node values of pH value were obtained using the logarithmic relationship between pH value and Mal. The grading standards of these five indices can be used to evaluate the sour flavor of apple. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating apple flavor and selecting apple cultivars.
基金Research Foundation of Ministry of Education for Doctoral Program(No.20040285008)
文摘In order to shorten the difference between the raw silk size grading standards of the world and that of China, to quicken the step of the electronic raw silk testing process, the distribution of the coefficient of variation (CV50m%) of the raw silk size in the electronic testing and the development of the new standards are studied according to the sampling and grading theory. By the theoretical deduction and the simulating experiments, the distribution of the coefficient of variation of the raw silk size is given, and the grading scheme whose quality index is the coefficient of variation(CV50m%)of the raw silk size and the grading precisions of all grades are proposed. Moreover, the rightness and the feasibility of the grading scheme are testified by the sampling and grading simulation.
基金Supported by"Twelfth Five Year"National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2011BA107B01)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Shanxi Province(20120313015-9)Scientific and Technological Project of Changzhi City(20118033-1)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the inspection methods and quality grading standards for Codonopsis pilosula seeds. [Method] A total of 27 shares of C. pilosula seeds were collected and surveyed from six counties in Shanxi, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. The inspection methods of various indicators, such as purity, 1 000-grain weight, germination rate, vitality and moisture content, were investigated in accordance with Rules for Agricultural Seed Testing (GB/T 3543.1-7, 1995), to develop the appropriate quality inspection method for C. pilosula seeds. Based on the developed inspection method and procedures, the quality of 27 shares of C. pilosula seed samples from different regions was inspected, thus es- tablishing quality grading standards for C. pilosula seeds with K-center clustering method. [Result] C. pilosula seeds are suitable to be cultivated in cool regions. The optimal germination temperature was 25 ~C; the optimal germination bed was gauze bed; the optimal staining conditions were: staining temperature 40 ~, TTC concen- tration 0.5%, staining time 4 h. On the basis of cluster analysis, the quality of C. pilosula seeds could be divided into three grades according to five indicators, includ- ing the purity, 1 000-grain weight, moisture content, vitality, and germination rate. Specifically, vitality and germination rate were important factors of grading standards due to the significant differences, followed by purity, 1 000-grain weight and mois- ture content. [Conclusion] This study provided an important basis for standardized cultivation and industrial development of C. pilosula.
文摘The existing performance salary system has several grades in the same job title. When the number of workers qualified for promotion is more than the target,quantitative grading is usually adopted to determine salary promotion personnel. Scientific,fair and reasonable grading content and standard directly concern income and remuneration of scientific researchers,and also concern recognition and respect degree of contribution made by scientific researchers. Therefore,quantitative grading standard is of the utmost importance to keeping stability,arousing enthusiasm and creativity of scientific researchers,and promoting smooth development of scientific research. Achievements awarded,papers published and project research can reflect scientific research level,ability and working performance of agricultural scientific researchers. This paper takes these three items as examples,analyzes,discusses and compares the establishment and evaluation of quantitative grading standard. It states that " one yardstick" and " one vote veto system" should be adhered to when evaluating using the quantitative grading standard. It is expected to provide reference for organizations of the same trade in establishing quantitative grading standard and conducting evaluation.