In this paper, we show that massive envelopes made of highly compressed normal matter surrounding dark objects (DEOs) can curve the surrounding spacetime and make the systems observationally indistinguishable from the...In this paper, we show that massive envelopes made of highly compressed normal matter surrounding dark objects (DEOs) can curve the surrounding spacetime and make the systems observationally indistinguishable from their massive black hole counterparts. DEOs are new astrophysical objects that are made up of entropy-free incompressible supranuclear dense superfluid (SuSu-matter), embedded in flat spacetimes and invisible to outside observers, practically trapped in false vacua. Based on highly accurate numerical modelling of the internal structures of pulsars and massive neutron stars, and in combination with using a large variety of EOSs, we show that the mass range of DEOs is practically unbounded from above: it spans those of massive neutron stars, stellar and even supermassive black holes: thanks to the universal maximum density of normal matter, , beyond which normal matter converts into SuSu-matter. We apply the scenario to the Crab and Vela pulsars, the massive magnetar PSR J0740 6620, the presumably massive NS formed in GW170817, and the SMBHs in Sgr A* and M87*. Our numerical results also reveal that DEO-Envelope systems not only mimic massive BHs nicely but also indicate that massive DEOs can hide vast amounts of matter capable of turning our universe into a SuSu-matter-dominated one, essentially trapped in false vacua.展开更多
It was argued that old and massive neutron stars end up as black objects that are made of purely incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid matter (henceforth SuSu-objects). Based on theoretical investigati...It was argued that old and massive neutron stars end up as black objects that are made of purely incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid matter (henceforth SuSu-objects). Based on theoretical investigations and numerical solving of the field equations with time-dependent spacetime topologies, I argue that a dense cluster of SuSu-objects at the background of flat spacetime that merged smoothly is a reliable candidate for the progenitor of the big bang. Here, we present and use a new time-dependent spacetime metric, which unifies the metrics of Minkowski, Schwarzschild, and Friedmann as well as a modified TOV-equation for modeling dynamical contractions of relativistic objects. Had the progenitor undergone an abrupt decay, a hadronizing front forms at its surface and starts propagating from outside-to-inside, thereby hadronizing its entire content and changing the topology of the embedding spacetime from a flat into a dynamically expanding curved one. For an observer located at the center of the progenitor, H<sub>0</sub>, the universe would be seen as isotropic and homogeneous, implying therefore that the last big bang event must have occurred in our neighborhood. For the curved spacetime re-converges into a flat one, whereas the outward-propagation topological front, which separates the enclosed curved spacetime from the exterior flat one, would appear spatially and temporally accelerating outwards. The here-presented scenario suggests possible solutions to the flatness problem, the origin of acceleration of the universe and the pronounced activities of high redshift QSOs. We anticipate that future observations by the James-Webb-Telescope to support our scenario when active QSOs with z >12 would be detected.展开更多
Recently, it was argued that the energy density of the supranuclear dense matter inside the cores of massive neutron stars must have reached the , beyond which supranuclear dense matter becomes incompressible entropy-...Recently, it was argued that the energy density of the supranuclear dense matter inside the cores of massive neutron stars must have reached the , beyond which supranuclear dense matter becomes incompressible entropy-free gluon-quark superfluid. As this matter is also confined and embedded in flat spacetime, it is Lorentz invariant and could be treated as vacuum. The lower bound of matter in the universe may be derived using the following observational constraints: 1) The average energy density of the observable universe is erg/cc, 2) The observable universe is remarkably flat, and 3) the Hubble constant is a slowly decreasing function of cosmic time. Based thereon, I argue that the energy density in nature should be bounded from below by the average density of our vast and flat parent universe, , which is, in turn, comparable to the vacuum energy density , and amounts to erg/cc. When the total energy density is measured relative to , then both GR and Newtonian field equations may consistently model the gravitational potential of the parent universe without invoking cosmological constants. Relying on the recently proposed unicentric model of the observable universe, UNIMOUN, the big bang must have warped the initially flat spacetime into a curved one, though the expansion of the fireball doomed the excited energy state to diffuse out and return back to the ground energy state that governs the flat spacetime of our vast parent universe.展开更多
In view of the growing difficulties of ΛCDM-cosmologies to compete with recent highly accurate cosmological observations, I propose the alternative model: the Unicentric Model of the Observable UNiverse (UNIMOUN). Th...In view of the growing difficulties of ΛCDM-cosmologies to compete with recent highly accurate cosmological observations, I propose the alternative model: the Unicentric Model of the Observable UNiverse (UNIMOUN). The model relies on employing a new time-dependent -metric for the GR field equations, which enables reversible phase transitions between normal compressible fluids and incompressible quantum superfluids, necessary for studying the cosmic evolution of the observable universe. The main properties of UNIMOUN read: 1) The observable universe was born in a flat spacetime environment, which is a tiny fraction of our infinitely large and flat parent universe, 2) Our big bang (BB) happened to occur in our neighbourhood, thereby endowing the universe the observed homogeneity and isotropy, 3) The energy density in the universe is upper-bounded by the universal critical density , beyond which matter becomes purely incompressible, rendering formation of physical singulareties, and in particular black holes, impossible, 4) Big bangs are neither singular events nor invoked by external forces, but rather, they are common self-sustaining events in our parent universe, 5) The progenitors of BBs are created through the merger of cosmically dead and inactive neutron stars and/or through “supermassive black holes” that are currently observed at the centres of most massive galaxies, 6) The progenitors are made up of purely incompressible entropy-free superconducting gluon- quark superfluids with (SuSu-matter), which endows these giant objects measurable sizes, 7) Spacetimes embedding SuSu-matter are conformally flat. It is shown that UNIMOUN is capable of dealing with or providing answers to several fundamental open questions in astrophysics and cosmology without invoking inflation, dark matter or dark energy.展开更多
Recently, a unicentric model of the observable universe (UNIMOUN) was proposed. Accordingly, big bangs are common events in our infinitely large, flat, homogeneous and isotropic parent universe. Their progenitors are ...Recently, a unicentric model of the observable universe (UNIMOUN) was proposed. Accordingly, big bangs are common events in our infinitely large, flat, homogeneous and isotropic parent universe. Their progenitors are clusters of cosmically dead and massive neutron stars that merged after reaching the ultimate lowest quantum energy state, where the matter is in an incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid state and zero-entropy, hence granting the resulting progenitors measurable sizes and immunity to collapsing into black holes. Our big bang happened to occur in our neighbourhood, thereby enduing the universe, the observed homogeneity and isotropy. As the enclosed mass of the progenitor was finite, the dynamically expanding curved spacetimes embedded the fireball started flattening to finally diffuse into the flat spacetime of the parent universe. By means of general relativistic numerical hydrodynamical calculations, we use the H-metric to follow the time-evolution of the spacetime embedding the progenitor during the hadronization and the immediately following epochs. Based thereon, we find that the kinetic energy of newly created normal matter increases with distance in a self-similar manner, imitating thereby outflows of nearly non-interacting particles. On cosmic time scales, this behaviour yields a Hubble parameter, H(t), which decreases slowly with the distance from the big bang event. Given the sensitivity of the data of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from Planck to the underlying cosmological model, we conclude that UNIMOUN is a viable alternative to ΛCMD-cosmologies.展开更多
超大型天文观测技术的出现不仅能够让研究人员观测到新的天文现象,更能用于验证已有物理模型的正确性.这些最新天文成果的发现是建立在海量天文数据的近乎实时产生、管理与分析的基础上,因此给目前的数据管理系统带来了新的挑战.以我国...超大型天文观测技术的出现不仅能够让研究人员观测到新的天文现象,更能用于验证已有物理模型的正确性.这些最新天文成果的发现是建立在海量天文数据的近乎实时产生、管理与分析的基础上,因此给目前的数据管理系统带来了新的挑战.以我国自主研发的地基广角相机阵(the ground-based wide-angle camera array,GWAC)天文望远镜为例,15s的采样和处理周期都处于短时标观测领域的世界前列,但却对数据管理系统提出了很多问题,包括多镜头并行输出数据管理、实时瞬变源发现、当前观测夜数据的秒级查询、数据持久化和快速离线查询等.基于上述问题,设计了分布式GWAC数据模拟生成器用于模拟真实GWAC数据产生场景,并基于产生的数据特性,提出一种两级缓存架构,使用本地内存解决多镜头并行输出、实时瞬变源发现,使用分布式共享内存实现秒级查询.为了平衡持久化和查询效率,设计一种星表簇结构将整个星表数据划分后聚集存储.根据天文需求特点,设计基于索引表的查询引擎能从缓存和星表簇以较小的代价对星表数据查询.通过实验验证,当前方案能够满足GWAC的需求.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we show that massive envelopes made of highly compressed normal matter surrounding dark objects (DEOs) can curve the surrounding spacetime and make the systems observationally indistinguishable from their massive black hole counterparts. DEOs are new astrophysical objects that are made up of entropy-free incompressible supranuclear dense superfluid (SuSu-matter), embedded in flat spacetimes and invisible to outside observers, practically trapped in false vacua. Based on highly accurate numerical modelling of the internal structures of pulsars and massive neutron stars, and in combination with using a large variety of EOSs, we show that the mass range of DEOs is practically unbounded from above: it spans those of massive neutron stars, stellar and even supermassive black holes: thanks to the universal maximum density of normal matter, , beyond which normal matter converts into SuSu-matter. We apply the scenario to the Crab and Vela pulsars, the massive magnetar PSR J0740 6620, the presumably massive NS formed in GW170817, and the SMBHs in Sgr A* and M87*. Our numerical results also reveal that DEO-Envelope systems not only mimic massive BHs nicely but also indicate that massive DEOs can hide vast amounts of matter capable of turning our universe into a SuSu-matter-dominated one, essentially trapped in false vacua.
文摘It was argued that old and massive neutron stars end up as black objects that are made of purely incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid matter (henceforth SuSu-objects). Based on theoretical investigations and numerical solving of the field equations with time-dependent spacetime topologies, I argue that a dense cluster of SuSu-objects at the background of flat spacetime that merged smoothly is a reliable candidate for the progenitor of the big bang. Here, we present and use a new time-dependent spacetime metric, which unifies the metrics of Minkowski, Schwarzschild, and Friedmann as well as a modified TOV-equation for modeling dynamical contractions of relativistic objects. Had the progenitor undergone an abrupt decay, a hadronizing front forms at its surface and starts propagating from outside-to-inside, thereby hadronizing its entire content and changing the topology of the embedding spacetime from a flat into a dynamically expanding curved one. For an observer located at the center of the progenitor, H<sub>0</sub>, the universe would be seen as isotropic and homogeneous, implying therefore that the last big bang event must have occurred in our neighborhood. For the curved spacetime re-converges into a flat one, whereas the outward-propagation topological front, which separates the enclosed curved spacetime from the exterior flat one, would appear spatially and temporally accelerating outwards. The here-presented scenario suggests possible solutions to the flatness problem, the origin of acceleration of the universe and the pronounced activities of high redshift QSOs. We anticipate that future observations by the James-Webb-Telescope to support our scenario when active QSOs with z >12 would be detected.
文摘Recently, it was argued that the energy density of the supranuclear dense matter inside the cores of massive neutron stars must have reached the , beyond which supranuclear dense matter becomes incompressible entropy-free gluon-quark superfluid. As this matter is also confined and embedded in flat spacetime, it is Lorentz invariant and could be treated as vacuum. The lower bound of matter in the universe may be derived using the following observational constraints: 1) The average energy density of the observable universe is erg/cc, 2) The observable universe is remarkably flat, and 3) the Hubble constant is a slowly decreasing function of cosmic time. Based thereon, I argue that the energy density in nature should be bounded from below by the average density of our vast and flat parent universe, , which is, in turn, comparable to the vacuum energy density , and amounts to erg/cc. When the total energy density is measured relative to , then both GR and Newtonian field equations may consistently model the gravitational potential of the parent universe without invoking cosmological constants. Relying on the recently proposed unicentric model of the observable universe, UNIMOUN, the big bang must have warped the initially flat spacetime into a curved one, though the expansion of the fireball doomed the excited energy state to diffuse out and return back to the ground energy state that governs the flat spacetime of our vast parent universe.
文摘In view of the growing difficulties of ΛCDM-cosmologies to compete with recent highly accurate cosmological observations, I propose the alternative model: the Unicentric Model of the Observable UNiverse (UNIMOUN). The model relies on employing a new time-dependent -metric for the GR field equations, which enables reversible phase transitions between normal compressible fluids and incompressible quantum superfluids, necessary for studying the cosmic evolution of the observable universe. The main properties of UNIMOUN read: 1) The observable universe was born in a flat spacetime environment, which is a tiny fraction of our infinitely large and flat parent universe, 2) Our big bang (BB) happened to occur in our neighbourhood, thereby endowing the universe the observed homogeneity and isotropy, 3) The energy density in the universe is upper-bounded by the universal critical density , beyond which matter becomes purely incompressible, rendering formation of physical singulareties, and in particular black holes, impossible, 4) Big bangs are neither singular events nor invoked by external forces, but rather, they are common self-sustaining events in our parent universe, 5) The progenitors of BBs are created through the merger of cosmically dead and inactive neutron stars and/or through “supermassive black holes” that are currently observed at the centres of most massive galaxies, 6) The progenitors are made up of purely incompressible entropy-free superconducting gluon- quark superfluids with (SuSu-matter), which endows these giant objects measurable sizes, 7) Spacetimes embedding SuSu-matter are conformally flat. It is shown that UNIMOUN is capable of dealing with or providing answers to several fundamental open questions in astrophysics and cosmology without invoking inflation, dark matter or dark energy.
文摘Recently, a unicentric model of the observable universe (UNIMOUN) was proposed. Accordingly, big bangs are common events in our infinitely large, flat, homogeneous and isotropic parent universe. Their progenitors are clusters of cosmically dead and massive neutron stars that merged after reaching the ultimate lowest quantum energy state, where the matter is in an incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid state and zero-entropy, hence granting the resulting progenitors measurable sizes and immunity to collapsing into black holes. Our big bang happened to occur in our neighbourhood, thereby enduing the universe, the observed homogeneity and isotropy. As the enclosed mass of the progenitor was finite, the dynamically expanding curved spacetimes embedded the fireball started flattening to finally diffuse into the flat spacetime of the parent universe. By means of general relativistic numerical hydrodynamical calculations, we use the H-metric to follow the time-evolution of the spacetime embedding the progenitor during the hadronization and the immediately following epochs. Based thereon, we find that the kinetic energy of newly created normal matter increases with distance in a self-similar manner, imitating thereby outflows of nearly non-interacting particles. On cosmic time scales, this behaviour yields a Hubble parameter, H(t), which decreases slowly with the distance from the big bang event. Given the sensitivity of the data of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from Planck to the underlying cosmological model, we conclude that UNIMOUN is a viable alternative to ΛCMD-cosmologies.
文摘超大型天文观测技术的出现不仅能够让研究人员观测到新的天文现象,更能用于验证已有物理模型的正确性.这些最新天文成果的发现是建立在海量天文数据的近乎实时产生、管理与分析的基础上,因此给目前的数据管理系统带来了新的挑战.以我国自主研发的地基广角相机阵(the ground-based wide-angle camera array,GWAC)天文望远镜为例,15s的采样和处理周期都处于短时标观测领域的世界前列,但却对数据管理系统提出了很多问题,包括多镜头并行输出数据管理、实时瞬变源发现、当前观测夜数据的秒级查询、数据持久化和快速离线查询等.基于上述问题,设计了分布式GWAC数据模拟生成器用于模拟真实GWAC数据产生场景,并基于产生的数据特性,提出一种两级缓存架构,使用本地内存解决多镜头并行输出、实时瞬变源发现,使用分布式共享内存实现秒级查询.为了平衡持久化和查询效率,设计一种星表簇结构将整个星表数据划分后聚集存储.根据天文需求特点,设计基于索引表的查询引擎能从缓存和星表簇以较小的代价对星表数据查询.通过实验验证,当前方案能够满足GWAC的需求.
