Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Industry Development in Bijie Experimental Area

The development of rural industries in Bijie City of Guizhou Province leads the comprehensive rural revitalization with industrial revitalization,takes high-quality development as the overall guide,focuses on industrial scale,standardization,branding,and marketization,and strives to extend the industrial chain and enhance the value chain to achieve the prosperity of rural industries.In this study,it investigated the current situation of rural industry development in Bijie City(improving the quality and efficiency of characteristic industries,expanding the quantity and efficiency of agricultural products processing industry,recruiting and cultivating large business entities,expanding and strengthening the brand of agricultural products,and upgrading the rural tourism).Through analysis,it found that there are problems such as small scale of production enterprises,insufficient cultivation of independent brands,short industrial chain,low added value,weak market expansion ability,imperfect interest connection mechanism,and insufficient participation of farmers.Finally,it came up with countermeasures for the development of rural industries in Bijie City,including improving supporting facilities and building an extension base;strengthening leading enterprises and focus on deep processing;highlighting regional characteristics and paying close attention to the docking of production and marketing;enhancing the characteristic brand and strengthening the support of science and technology;promoting collaboration and support,and making innovation in the connection of interests.

类型学视野下汉语量词“粒”和马来语量词“biji”的对比分析

汉语和马来语都有丰富的量词,但是两种语言量词的用法存在差异。本文借鉴量词类型学相关研究成果,对汉语常用量词“粒”和马来语常用量词“biji”进行对比分析。“粒”能计量的事物的范围比“biji”小,“粒”计量的事物必须具有[+小][+近圆]形状特征,而“biji”计量的事物只需具有[+近圆]形状特征即可。另外,“粒”能计量点状类液体、尘埃类事物,而“biji”不能。将考察范围扩展到圆形量词来看,跟汉语、泰语、印度尼西亚语、越南语相比,马来语的圆形量词没有进一步按照大小进行分类。

Rare earth elements stratigraphic significance in late Permian coal measure from Bijie City, Guizhou Province, China

Rare earth elements （REEs） are good geological indicators. In order to understand REEs stratigraphic significance, REEs in Late Permian coal measure from Bijie City, western Guizhou Province, China were studied. The results showed that the contents of both light rare earth element （LREE） and ∑ REE were sharply increased in the boundary between Longtan Formation and Changxing Formation, which resulted from the gyration and discontinuity eruption of Emeishan basalt （REEs source） and frequent transgression-regression during forming coal. The coal measure and strata could be subdivided and correlate, and the sea-level change could be under stood by studying REEs content variation in coal measure.

Study on REEs as tracers for late permian coal measures in Bijie City,Guizhou Province,China

Analyses of Rare Earth Elements （REEs） in 13 coal samples collected from Late Permian coal measures of Bijie City in western Guizhou Province were conducted using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass-Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The results indicated that REEs patterns were not controlled by materials from the sea, whereas the contribution of land plants was about 1%. The major sources of REEs were from terrigenous material as indicated by negative Eu anomaly. There were similar distribution curves of REEs between Bijie＇s coal and Emeishan basalt. M12 coal seam, which had the highest ∑REE, appeared near the boundary between Longtan Formation and Changxing Formation, which was closely correlated to the eruption of Emeishan basalt. The Emeishan basalt contributed to REEs enrichment of M12. So the sources of REEs were controlled by terrigenous material, and the Emeishan basalt was the predominant source of terrigenous material, which dominated the enrichment and pattern of REEs in Late Permian coal measure from Bijie.

Research on Model Construction and Technique Support for Integrated Rehabilitation of Rock Desertification in Chaoying Small Watershed of Bijie Test Area of Guizhou Province

Selecting Chaoying small watershed with representative karst rocky desertification in the Bijie test area of Guizhou Province as an example, according to karst rocky desertiflcation degree and the existing eco-environmental problems in the small watershed, we study developmental model and technique support system for integrated rehabilitation of rocky desertification in the small watershed, and bring forward the development model and technique integration for integrated rehabilitation of rocky desertification, which adapt to the karst areas of Bijie test area, Guizhou Province and even South China.

Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of Modern Agricultural Construction in Bijie Experimental Area

Firstly,the current situation and existing problems of modern agricultural construction in Bijie experimental area were analyzed,and then the countermeasures of promoting construction and sustainable development of modern agriculture were proposed according to the reality of agricultural development in the Bijie experimental area.

Interactive Development-oriented Poverty Reduction Model for Bijie Experimental Region under the Guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development

Bijie Experimental Region takes the ecological construction as the guarantee and takes population control as the key,to promote development-oriented poverty reduction and explore benign interaction between development-oriented poverty reduction and ecological construction and population control.Development-oriented poverty reduction model includes combination of raising crops and livestock,coordinated development of multiple wealth sources,transferring labor,and partner assistance;ecological construction model includes"Five sons passed imperial examinations",desertification control,agricultural circular economy,and project promotion;population control models includes human-land linkage,combination of favorable policies and propaganda and education,and combination of ambition arousing and education promotion.

The Evolution of Urban and Rural Construction Land Based on Spatial Econometrics:A Case Study of Bijie City

Based on the theory of spatial econometrics,we test and process the urban and rural construction land data during the base period of planning and late period of planning in Bijie City.And we conduct comparative analysis of the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of urban and rural construction land in 41 towns of Bijie City before and after the planning.According to Getis-ord G i coefficient test results,the cold spot area of urban and rural construction land in northeast of Bijie City will gradually disappear,and the key point of hot spot area will be gradually transferred from the central region to the central and eastern regions.The results show that under the guidance of the overall land use planning in Bijie City,the urban and rural construction land will show strong spatial autocorrelation;agglomeration benefits and scale merit will appear clearly,in line with the actual situation of current development of Bijie City.

Application of System Dynamics in Analyzing the Cultivated Land-Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Bijie Prefecture,China

The cultivated land-water resources carrying capacity(CL-WRCC)with the method of system dynamics(SD)were analyzed.Bijie prefecture of Guizhou province served as a case in this study.Bijie prefecture is one of the least-developed areas in China.In Bijie,the physical and chemical characteristics of karst as well as the rapid economic development lead to the scarcities of cultivated land-water resources(CL-WR).On the basis of analysis on the subsystems of Bijie CL-WRCC system,the fundamental feedback structure of CL-WRCC was presented by causal loop diagram.Considering the three aims("poverty alleviation and development,ecological construction,and population control")of Bijie as the major goals,Bijie CL-WRCC SD model was developed.Three scenarios,resource-saving and environment-friendly development-oriented scenario(Scenario 1),fast economic development-oriented scenario(Scenario 2),and coordinated development-oriented scenario(Scenario 3),were investigated.Simulation results indicate that Scenario 3 which takes social economic development,environment protection,and cultivated landwater resources utilization into account,is the best alternative scenario.It can promote the coordination development of society,economy,cultivated land,water resources,and environment.In this study,the technological support and the decision-making for the rational use of CL-WR are provided not only in Bijie,but also in other similar regions of China.

毕节烟区烤烟的质量及其空间分布特征

【目的】探明贵州毕节烟区不同植烟地烤烟的质量及其空间分布特征,为毕节烟区烤烟的总体生产布局规划与工业企业合理利用产区不同质量特征烟叶原料提供参考。【方法】选择毕节烟区各县域42个烟叶点126份烤烟样品,运用隶属函数法和聚类分析法分析不同质量烟叶的空间分布特征。【结果】毕节烟区不同产地烤烟的烟碱、总糖、还原糖、淀粉、总氮和钾含量分别为2.40%~3.76%、30.90%~36.33%、23.80%~27.48%、3.49%~5.75%、1.78%~2.50%和2.00%~3.07%。化学成分指标、外观质量指标与感官评价指标间存在相关或极显著相关性。感官质量、外观质量、化学成分和综合得分分别为64.26~77.01分、74.08~84.75分、55.33~86.66分和0.748~1.213分。在平方欧氏距离为5处可将毕节烟区分为4类,综合得分依次为Ⅰ类>Ⅱ类>Ⅲ类>Ⅳ类,其中,Ⅰ类烤烟的感官和外观质量总体表现最好,Ⅱ类烤烟次之,Ⅲ类烤烟差,Ⅳ类烤烟整体较差。Ⅰ类烟区基本分布在毕节中部,大部分集中在大方县和纳雍县域内;Ⅱ类烟区分布在毕节中部和西北;Ⅲ类烟区在毕节占比最大,涵盖毕节的大部分地区;Ⅳ类烟区零散分布在毕节偏北部和偏南部的边缘地区。【结论】毕节烟区在平方欧氏距离为5处分为4类,综合得分依次为Ⅰ类>Ⅱ类>Ⅲ类>Ⅳ类;海拔1300~1800 m区域烟叶综合质量最优,海拔1800~2200 m区域烟叶较优;海拔800~1300 m区域烟叶最差。

毕节植烟土壤K、Ca、Mg元素的分布特征与评价

分析了2022年贵州毕节8个产烟县(市)具有代表性的76个烟田土壤样品和273个C3F烟叶样品,结果表明:毕节植烟土壤的pH值平均为6.29,其中,黔西和赫章相对较高而大方与金沙相对较低。大多数地区土壤速效K处于高或极高水平,交换性Mg处于适宜或较高水平,但少部分烟区存在缺K和Mg的现象,土壤交换性Ca的比例差异较大。此外,各烟区烟叶K和Ca含量变化与其在土壤中变化规律基本一致,部分烟区烟叶可能会出现生理性缺镁的现象。由此可知,毕节烟区土壤K、Mg和Ca水平总体上表现良好,部分烟区应注意土壤中K和Ca的施入,同时应注意Mg肥与其他肥料之间的拮抗而造成烟叶的生理性缺镁。

一种改进TransUNet的高分辨率遥感影像滑坡提取方法

遥感影像滑坡识别方法对于抢险应急指挥具有重要意义。TransUNet模型由于架构中的注意力机制计算复杂度高,且跳跃连接无法实现相邻特征图之间的对齐,导致模型训练时间长,无法有效利用浅层高分辨率特征信息。针对上述问题,对TransUNet模型架构进行了改进,提出一种改进的流对齐TransUNet(Flow Alignment TransUNet,FATransUNet)模型。将原始结构中的Transformer模块替换为Efficient Transformer模块,有效降低模型的计算复杂度。引入流对齐模块(Flow Alignment Module,FAM),替换原始的跳跃连接、特征拼接和解码阶段中的上采样操作,既能够简化运算过程,又有效融合了浅层中的高分辨率信息。基于开源的毕节滑坡数据集实验表明,FATransUNet模型的F1评分和mIoU分别达到了91.4%和91.1%,均高于其他5种模型(FCN、U-Net、SegNet、DeepLabV3+、TransUNet)的精度,有效抑制了复杂背景对滑坡提取的干扰,提升了高分辨率遥感影像中滑坡的提取精度。

毕节市典型农业园区土壤与农作物硒含量特征

本研究系统采集毕节市4个典型农业园区的表层土壤样品和农作物样品,并对测定数据进行处理分析,为毕节市富硒土地的开发利用和富硒农业的发展提供指导。结果表明,4个农业园区土壤硒平均含量均达到《天然富硒土地划定与标识》(DZ/T 0380—2021)的富硒阈值(0.4 mg/kg),土壤类型是影响土壤硒含量的重要因素。4个农业园区种植的农作物中,茶叶、水稻、玉米和中药材均有发展富硒农产品的潜力。

贵州毕节民居结构调研及抗震设防水平提升对策

贵州地理位置独特,地质构造有“小震大灾”的特点,毕节市属于贵州地震多发地区。通过实地调研,总结分析毕节民居结构特点,针对抗震设防薄弱环节提出切实可行的对策建议。

毕节市国家重点保护野生植物资源研究

为了解毕节市国家重点保护野生植物物种组成、生活型组成、珍稀濒危等级、水平分布特征,加强毕节市国家重点保护野生植物资源的保护,本文通过大量文献调查对毕节市现存的国家重点保护野生植物资源进行统计与分析。结果表明:毕节市分布的国家重点保护野生植物有71种,隶属31科42属,占全省国家重点保护野生植物的33.81%,其中被子植物57种,裸子植物5种,石松和蕨类植物5种,苔藓植物3种,真菌1种;生活型以草本或常绿物种居多;珍稀濒危等级评估方面,近危或近危以上物种有38种,占总种数的54.29%;分布不均匀,部分物种群聚明显。今后应进一步加强本地区资源调查和保护宣传力度,进一步落实珍稀濒危植物保护法律法规,加强狭域分布和极小种群的监测和保护力度。

毕节试验区推进农村改厕路径初探

农村改厕是对在辖区内规划保留的村民组或自然村庄常住农户的非卫生厕所进行改造,是推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设的一项民生工程。毕节试验区按照“全方位覆盖、彻底性革命”的基本思路,通过政策引导、部门联动、标准规范、分类指导、调度考核等方式,确保各地农村卫生厕所建设改造工作落地落实。介绍了毕节试验区在推进农村改厕进程中采取的措施及取得的成效,分析了改厕中存在问题,并根据实际情况因地制宜提出了强化组织领导、紧盯问题厕所整改、拓展融资渠道、加强宣传引导等建议,以期为当地进一步扎实抓好农村改厕工作提供参考。

西南喀斯特地区生物防火阻隔带建设初探——以贵州省毕节市为例

在现有森林防火建设基础上,毕节市紧紧结合国家政策导向、支持方向、资金投向,实施生物防火阻隔带建设,进一步提升和完善林火阻隔系统,补齐当前森林草原防火重要基础设施存在的突出短板,有效制止林火蔓延,减少森林火灾所造成的影响和损失,对西南喀斯特地区生物阻隔带建设,推进森林防火治理建设和发展具有重要作用。

贵州毕节植烟区土壤pH空间分布特征及对施肥的影响

以贵州省毕节植烟区为研究对象,探讨了毕节烟区土壤pH变异的主要影响因子,通过地统计插值方法获得了土壤pH空间变异特征,并对该地区以改良酸化土壤为目的的炭基有机肥施用适宜性等级进行了划分。毕节烟区土壤pH均值为6.5,其中大方和威宁两县的pH均值较低,仅为6.2,而织金、金沙和黔西三县的pH均值超过了7.0。因子分析表明,成土母岩和土壤类型是毕节烟区土壤pH变异性的主控因子。从空间分布特征来看,土壤pH整体分布呈现东部高于中西部,金沙县西北部、大方县东部、黔西县中部等地区pH均较高,而威宁县南部、赫章中北部和七星关区中西部等地区的土壤pH整体低于其他区域;土壤pH处于适宜等级(5.5<pH<7.0)的面积比例约为44.1%,而高于和低于适宜等级的比例分别为36.7%和19.2%。炭基有机肥适宜施用区主要分布在西部和中部的部分地区,以及东部的局部区域,而不适宜施用区主要分布在东部地区和中部部分区域。从乡镇水平看,炭基有机肥重点施用乡镇多集中在威宁和七星关等县区,不宜施用区主要分布在黔西、织金和大方等县区,而一般施用区多分布在织金、纳雍和金沙等县区。本研究可为调节土壤酸碱为目的的炭基有机肥的精准施用提供科学依据。

基于土壤钙镁比的毕节植烟区镁肥施用分区研究

当前植烟区土壤镁肥施用主要依据土壤有效镁含量水平及其空间分布特征确定,但很少考虑到土壤钙镁比(有效钙含量/有效镁含量)对土壤镁素供应的现实影响,这必然对镁肥施用效果产生不利影响。本研究以毕节植烟区为例,基于大样本土壤采样数据,综合考虑土壤有效镁含量水平、土壤钙镁比及两者的空间分布特征,通过图形叠加和栅格运算,科学划定植烟区土壤镁肥宜施等级及分区。研究表明,毕节植烟区土壤有效镁平均含量为278.1mg·kg^(–1),土壤钙镁比均值为14.5,空间上均呈现较强的波动性。从空间插值图看,土壤有效镁含量以适宜等级为主,占到毕节植烟区面积的69%,土壤钙镁比分布以10~20和5~10两等级为主,且各等级交错分布。基于土壤有效镁含量和钙镁比获得的土壤镁肥宜施等级图中,适宜和较适宜施用镁肥面积分别为69.0%和10.5%,不适宜施用面积为19.0%,而极适宜和极不适宜面积比例仅分别为1.3%和0.2%。若仅考虑土壤有效镁含量得到的宜施等级分布与考虑钙镁比的宜施等级分布存在很大差异,这说明在制定镁肥施用方案时,若不考虑钙镁比对土壤镁素供应的影响,得到的镁肥宜施等级分区会产生较大的偏差,给植烟区土壤施肥带来不利影响,而综合考虑土壤有效镁含量和钙镁比是科学制定区域镁肥施用方案的重要前提。

基于乡村振兴视角的毕节市林下经济可持续发展研究

实施乡村振兴战略,是党的十九大作出的重大决策部署,产业兴旺是乡村振兴的首要任务,而林下经济在农业产业发展过程中带来的效益日趋凸显。基于乡村振兴的视角,以相关调查数据和统计资料为基础,对毕节市林下经济发展的利用森林面积、产值、联结农村人口、人月均增收及经营主体现状5个方面进行定量分析,剖析林下经济发展的困境,并结合研究区林下经济发展的特点及乡村振兴战略实施的实际,提出促进林下经济高效化、生态化、持续化的发展策略。结果表明:毕节市林下经济发展取得了一定成效,大力促进了乡村振兴战略的实施,但发展水平还有一定的提升空间;各县区市之间林下经济发展存在一定差异。研究区需从5个方面发力破除林下经济发展的困境,实现其高效果可持续发展,助力乡村振兴。