Effects of Cadmium Pollution in Soil on Physiological and Biochemical Index of Allium sativum L.

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the effects of cadmium pollution in soil on physiological and biochemical index of Allium sativum L. and provided reference for the recovery of cadmium pollution in soil. [Method]By setting eleven Cd concentrations from 0.21 to 500 mg/kg in soil and the pot test, ecological corresponding mechanism of plant height, chlorophyll (Chl) content, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Allium sativum L. was analyzed. [Result] The plant height had a strong tolerance to cadmium pollution in soil, while the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a content had no significant difference compared with control treatment, except Cd concentration was 500 mg/kg. The high Cd concentration would increase the damage to membrane of Allium sativum L. however with the regulation of physiological mechanism, the damage was gradually decreased.[Conclusion] Allium sativum L. had strong eco-physiological adaptability to Cd contaminated soil and it had potential for recovering Cd contaminated soil.

大蒜(Allium Sativum L.)对钉螺酯酶同工酶作用的初步研究

为研究在浓度0.05 %大蒜叶水浸液作用下,钉螺的酯酶同工酶谱特征及其变化情况,对采自武汉汉阳的钉螺进行去壳、匀浆,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶对匀浆物电泳,进行酯酶同工酶(EST)染色.EST共分离出6～9 条酶带,6 d中相似的酶带有6条,处理不同天数的相应酶带,宽度及染色深浅出现变化,酶带数也出现增减.大蒜水浸液对钉螺的酯酶同工酶有明显影响,开始2天,因受刺激,酶活性(比较对照)增强,随着处理时间延长,酶活性变弱.

Dynamic Study of Microbial Population and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil of Allium sativum L.

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the changes in microbial population and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of two cultivars of Allium sativum L.at different growth stages.[Method]By using white garlic and purple garlic as the experimental materials,the microbial population,and the activities of urease,acid phosphatase and catalase in their rhizosphere soil at different growth stages were measured.[Result]The root exudates of the two garlic cultivars could promote the growth of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,and indirectly increase the urease,acid phosphatase and catalase activities in the rhizosphere soil,thereby improving the turnover and circulation of the soil nutrition elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus,and providing a better micro-ecological environment for the later crop.[Conclusion]The study had provided theoretical basis for the ecological research on garlic used as a preceding crop.

山楂(Crataegus L.)饮料及大蒜(Allium sativum L.)防腐效果研究

以山楂叶、山楂果、蜂蜜、白糖等为原料,用大蒜作为天然防腐剂,研制含天然植物黄酮的健康饮料。通过3×3正交试验确定产品的最佳配方.结果表明,以5％山楂叶汁、50％山楂果汁、8％蜂蜜配制的饮料口感和理化性质较好,并含有保健黄酮;大蒜能有效地防止饮料腐败,有很好的防腐效果。

The Transfer of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe between Soils and <i>Allium</i>Plants (Garlic and Onion), and Tomato in the Southwest of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

Chemical extraction methods are generally used to evaluate trace element concentrations in soils. The adequacy of these soil tests is commonly assessed by comparing the extraction results with the metal contents in the plants. In this study, soil and leaf samples were collected in the southwest area of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are species of great regional economic importance. These crops need good mineral nutrition for optimum growth and sustainable production. Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe micronutrient uptake by plants was analyzed together with the trace element contents in the soil in which those plants were grown. A single EDTA-extraction procedure was performed to determine soil micronutrients. The amount of extractable-trace elements increased as the concentration of the chelating agent EDTA increased. The range of total element content in soil was: 15.68-31.5 mg·kg-1 for Cu, 75.0-386.3 mg·kg-1 for Zn, 542.5 -1686 mg·kg-1 for Mn and 28,325-32,675 mg·kg-1 for Fe. Micronutrient contents in mature leaf tissue were determined by the acid digestion method. Total and available micronutrient content in soil as well as total content in leaves were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Total micronutrient content and the available extractable-fraction in soils were below the critical values for plant growth. This was in agreement with the amount of micronutrients present in the leaf tissue. A strong relationship between the extraction data and the soil-plant transfer coefficients suggested an appropriate exchange of trace elements from soils to garlic, onion and tomato plants.

大蒜MtN3/saliva/SWEET基因家族的全基因组鉴定及表达分析

探究大蒜AsSWEETs基因家族特征和生物学功能,可为大蒜鳞茎发育调控的分子机制提供参考。本研究基于大蒜“二水早”全基因组数据,通过HMM搜索对AsSWEETs成员进行筛选和鉴定,并利用实时荧光定量PCR分析其在不同激素处理下的表达模式。结果表明:在大蒜基因组中共鉴定到35个AsSWEETs基因,均为疏水蛋白,含2~7个不等的跨膜螺旋,除AsSWEET 1、AsSWEET 2位于scaffold外,其余均分布于染色体上,成员间差异显著。综合系统进化和表达模式发现,AsSWEET5、14、21、23、26、28(第III支系,转运蔗糖)可能是参与鳞茎膨大的主要调控基因;AsSWEET 2、30、33(IV分支)的表达量在鳞茎发育不同阶段变化较大,可能参与鳞茎发育过程中的果糖代谢调节。qRT-PCR定量表明,在不同激素处理下,AsSWEET5、11、16呈现出不同的表达模式,预示AsSWEETs家族成员功能存在分化和差异。综上,大蒜AsSWEET s基因的糖转运活性参与了鳞茎的生长发育,有助于解释鳞茎膨大发育过程。

HPLC内标法测定鲜蒜中蒜氨酸

目的:建立准确、方便的 HPLC 法测定鲜蒜中蒜氨酸。方法:采用微波灭酶,以利巴韦林为内标物,HPLC 紫外检测,测定鲜蒜中蒜氨酸含量。与美国药典蒜氨酸衍生化 HPLC 测定进行比较。结果:同一鲜蒜样品测定蒜氨酸含量,以微波法灭酶大蒜的含量最高,为1.291%(RSD=1.4%),回收率为98.80(±2.0)%;美国药典方法测定结果为1.287%(RSD=3.6%),回收率为96.03(±2.6)%。结论:HPLC 内标法与美国药典方法测定结果一致,操作步骤简化。

大蒜多糖对肝损伤小鼠血清和肝组织ALT、AST的影响及其急性毒性实验

目的观察大蒜多糖A、B、C对四氯化碳(CCl4)肝损伤小鼠血清和肝组织丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)的影响及其急性毒性测定。方法从大蒜球根中提取有效成分大蒜多糖A、B、C,并测定口服给药LD50及急性毒性限量以观察三者急性毒性;采用CCl4灌胃建立小鼠实验性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清和肝组织ALT、AST。结果小鼠口服大蒜多糖A、B、C,均未测出LD50,大蒜多糖A、B、C急性毒性限量试验,安全无毒。大蒜多糖A、B、C治疗使CCl4肝损伤小鼠血清ALT及AST活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织ALT及AST活性显著增高(P<0.01);其中,以大蒜多糖C作用最强,优于大蒜素;B次之,与大蒜素相似;A作用最弱,弱于大蒜素。结论大蒜多糖A、B、C均有护肝作用,以大蒜多糖C作用最佳,安全无毒。

大蒜多糖C对免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清及肝组织ALT、AST的影响

目的观察大蒜多糖C对免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清和肝组织丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)及天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的影响。方法建立卡介苗(BCG)加脂多糖(LPS)诱发的小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清和肝组织ALT、AST。结果大蒜多糖C能使免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST活性显著降低,肝组织ALT、AST活性显著升高。结论大蒜多糖C对免疫性肝损伤具有保护性作用。

Actin and Myosin Co-Localize in Plasmodesmata and Ectodesmata-Like Structure

Actin and myosin were found to be associated with the cytoplasmic sleeve of plasmodesmata. As cytoskeletal proteins, actin and myosin are believed to regulate the conductivity of plasmodesmata （PDs） in higher plants. Using immunocytochemical methods, we found the two proteins to be co-localized - and closely linked to each other - in plasmodesmata and ectodesmata-like structure in ageing parenchymatous cells of Allium sativum L. We suggest that intercellular communication is affected by the interaction between actin and myosin.

Garlic:Medicinal Plant and Natural Aromatic Condiment

Objective:To relate the presence of active metabolites with therapeutic effects of the Allium sativum L whose common name is Garlic,as well as its contraindications and adverse reactions and its use as condiment.Methods:Searching about the topic in the last 5 years and present a general view of the Allium sativum L whose common name is Garlic.Conclusions:Technological prevision was based on the search of articles in the Virtual Library in Health(BVS)and using the key words“medicinal plants”/“spice”/Allium sativum L/garlic/adverse reactions and contraindications,and the association among them.

黄花蒿对大蒜化感作用研究

为探究黄花蒿对大蒜鳞茎萌发及其幼苗生长的化感作用,用水提取黄花蒿叶、根、根际土壤,获取不同质量浓度的浸提液,用于处理大蒜鳞茎,测定大蒜鳞茎萌发率及其幼苗生长状况和叶绿素含量等指标。结果表明:随着黄花蒿水浸液浓度的升高,黄花蒿水浸液对大蒜鳞茎萌发率及其幼苗苗高、根长、叶绿素a和b含量、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性、植株鲜质量、植株高的抑制作用不断增大,对大蒜幼苗丙二醛含量的促进作用不断增强;黄花蒿水浸液通过抑制大蒜鳞茎萌发率及其幼苗过氧化物酶活性、增加膜脂过氧化和逆境伤害、抑制叶绿素a、b和叶绿素的生成,从而抑制植株生长,表现出化感作用,且化感效应随着黄花蒿水浸液浓度的升高而增大。本研究为农作物和药用植物栽培及植物间化感作用研究提供参考。

不同栽培方式下大蒜各器官中蒜氨酸含量变化

为探究不同栽培方式下大蒜(Allium sativum L.)各器官出苗期、萌芽期、分化期、膨大期蒜氨酸含量变化,以2种大蒜为材料,分别进行土培和水培试验,采用HPLC法测定2种培养方式下大蒜植株中根、鳞茎、叶片3种器官的蒜氨酸含量。结果表明,在出苗期、萌芽期、分化期,土培方式下2种大蒜植株根中蒜氨酸含量均呈先下降后升高的趋势,水培方式下2种大蒜植株根中蒜氨酸含量均基本保持不变;土培方式下2种大蒜植株鳞茎中蒜氨酸含量均呈先降低后升高的趋势,水培方式下2种大蒜植株鳞茎中蒜氨酸含量均呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势;土培方式下2种大蒜植株叶片中蒜氨酸含量均呈下降趋势,水培方式下2种大蒜植株叶片中蒜氨酸含量均呈升高趋势。综上,2种栽培方式下不同生长期大蒜植株各器官蒜氨酸含量变化存在差异,在萌芽期、分化期,水培方式下2种大蒜不同器官中蒜氨酸含量均高于土培,且在出苗期、萌芽期、分化期,水培方式下2种大蒜植株叶片中蒜氨酸含量均高于其他器官。

大蒜辣素软膏的体外透皮吸收特性研究

目的研究大蒜辣素软膏在离体大鼠皮肤的吸收特性。方法通过Franz扩散池,建立离体大鼠完整背部皮肤及去角质层皮肤的透皮模型,采用超高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱串联法(UPLC-MS-MS)测定大蒜辣素软膏透皮吸收液中大蒜辣素的含量,测定大蒜辣素软膏的体外透皮吸收特性,并评价该大蒜辣素累积透过量及渗透速率。结果大蒜辣素5 h内体外经皮渗透量Q与时间t线性关系较好,均符合Higuchi动力学过程,回归相关系数(r)均达到0.99以上。完整皮肤的透皮速率J为12.306μg·cm^(-2)·h^(-1),去角质层皮肤的J为58.353μg·cm^(-2)·h^(-1),去角质层皮肤的J高于完整皮肤。结论大蒜辣素软膏有效成分可经皮渗透,主要以原型形式吸收,角质层厚度是影响大蒜辣素软膏透过皮肤的重要因素。

秸秆还田和微生物菌剂对大蒜产量及肥料利用率的影响

为探求秸秆还田和微生物菌剂对大蒜产量及肥料利用率的影响,以大名紫皮大蒜为试验材料,设置7个处理,试验表明常规施肥条件下秸秆还田可显著提高大蒜单薹重、蒜薹产量、单头重、蒜头产量、肥料偏生产力,秸秆还田配施微生物菌剂可显著提高大蒜的植株性状、蒜薹性状及产量、蒜头性状及产量、肥料偏生产力和农学效率;肥料减施25%条件下秸秆还田的大蒜植株性状、蒜薹性状及产量、蒜头性状及产量、肥料农学效率显著低于常规施肥下秸秆不还田的,秸秆中释放的养分不足以弥补25%的肥料减施,肥料减施25%条件下秸秆还田配施微生物菌剂的肥料偏生产力、磷肥农学效率显著高于常规施肥下秸秆不还田的,而大蒜植株性状、蒜薹性状及产量、蒜头性状及产量低于常规施肥下秸秆不还田的,但不显著。研究表明冀南地区大蒜种植中应注重秸秆还田和微生物菌剂施用,秸秆还田配施微生物菌剂替代肥料的量应少于25%。

茉莉酸甲酯和水杨酸促进大蒜试管鳞茎的形成

将不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA) 或水杨酸(SA) 添加于B5 培养基中, 研究其对离体条件下大蒜鳞茎的诱导及膨大作用。结果表明: MeJA 诱导鳞茎形成和促进鳞茎膨大的最佳浓度均为2×10- 6 mol/L, 诱导率高达97% , 鳞茎鲜重可达100 mg。SA诱导鳞茎形成的最佳浓度为5 ×10- 5 mol/L, 诱导率可达94 % ; 促进鳞茎膨大的最佳浓度为5 ×10 - 4 mol/L, 鳞茎鲜重可达165 mg。表明MeJA 和SA在大蒜鳞茎形成中具有重要的调控作用。

大蒜种质资源遗传多样性的分子标记研究

本研究利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术,对中国10个不同地区的大蒜品种进行了种质资源遗传多样性研究.从30个RAPD引物当中,筛选出11个具有多态性的引物,共扩增出多态性带224条,多态性条带比率为41.18%,从12个ISSR引物中筛选出5个具多态性的ISSR引物,共扩增出多态性带121条,多态性条带比率为50.21%.对RAPD和ISSR两种标记分别运用Nei指数法,计算出10个大蒜品种的平均遗传距离为0.28和0.32.根据这两种标记的结果,采用UPGMA进行聚类分析,得到与生物学分类地位基本一致的结果.结果表明,在实验稳定性上,ISSR优于RAPD,且ISSR比RAPD能检测到更多的遗传变异,RAPD和ISSR两种标记可用于大蒜种质遗传多样性的研究.

大蒜体细胞胚胎发生过程中抗氧化酶活性变化及某些生理特征

以大蒜的发芽叶基(鳞茎)为外植体诱导体细胞胚胎发生,研究大蒜体胚发生过程中SOD、POD和CAT 3种抗氧化酶的活性以及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量变化.结果表明:在大蒜体胚发生过程中,SOD、POD和CAT活性变化与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体胚的发育密切相关,POD对体胚的诱导起主导作用,而SOD和CAT在体胚的发育和成熟中起主导作用.可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质累积与大蒜体细胞胚胎发生密切相关.

Cu^(2+)对大蒜生长的影响及大蒜根、叶及蒜瓣对Cu^(2+)的累积(英文)

研究不同浓度 (1 0 - 6～ 1 0 - 4mol/L )硫酸铜 (Cu SO4 · 5H2 O)溶液对大蒜 (Alliumsativum L.)根、叶和蒜瓣生长的影响及其这些器官对 Cu2 +的积累能力。研究结果指出 :在1 0 - 5～ 1 0 - 4mol/L Cu的处理下 ,Cu严重影响大蒜根和叶生长 ;大蒜具有较强吸收和积累Cu2 +的能力 ,随着 Cu2 +处理浓度的增加 ,大蒜根中的 Cu2 +含量递增 ;大蒜经 1 0 - 4mol/L Cu处理 ,根部积累了大量的 Cu,其含量是对照的 52倍 ,在 1 0 - 5和 1 0 - 6mol/L Cu处理中 ,根中Cu的含量分别是对照的 1 3倍和 1 .4倍 ;Cu主要积累在根中 (1 0 - 5～ 1 0 - 4mol/L Cu处理 ) ,只有少量的转移到叶子和蒜瓣中。

大蒜精油对烟草花叶病毒的抑制作用

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取的大蒜精油经GC MS测定,其主要成分为含硫化合物.高质量浓度 (1mg·mL-1以上 )的大蒜精油对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)有一定的体外抑制作用,质量浓度小于 0. 5mg·mL-1的大蒜精油对TMV的体外抑制效果不明显.在离体条件下,大蒜精油对TMV的增殖有明显的抑制作用.在烟草上喷施大蒜精油可降低烟草体内病毒的含量,减轻病害症状.