Double-balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for patients who underwent liver operation: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Double-balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (DB-ERC) is widely performed for biliary diseases after reconstruction in gastrointestinal surgery,but there are few reports on DB-ERC after hepatectomy or living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).AIM To examine the success rates and safety of DB-ERC after hepatectomy or LDLT METHODS The study was performed retrospectively in 26 patients (45 procedures) who underwent hepatectomy or LDLT (liver operation:LO group) and 40 control patients (59 procedures) who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (control group).The technical success (endoscope reaching the choledochojejunostomy site),diagnostic success (performance of cholangiography),therapeutic success(completed interventions) and overall success rates,insertion and procedure(completion of DB-ERC) time,and adverse events were compared between these groups.RESULTS There were no significant differences between LO and control groups in the technical [93.3%(42/45) vs 96.6%(57/59),P=0.439],diagnostic [83.3%(35/42) vs83.6%(46/55),P=0.968],therapeutic [97.0%(32/33) vs 97.7%(43/44),P=0.836],and overall [75.6%(34/45) vs 79.7%(47/59),P=0.617] success rates.The median insertion time (22 vs 14 min,P <0.001) and procedure time (43.5 vs 30 min,P=0.033) were significantly longer in the LO group.The incidence of adverse events showed no significant difference [11.1%(5/45) vs 6.8%(4/59),P=0.670].CONCLUSION DB-ERC after liver operation is safe and useful but longer time is required,so should be performed with particular care.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatic and biliary tract disease in Korean children

AIM:To assess the indications,findings,therapeutic procedures,safety,and complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) performed in Korean children.METHODS:The demographic characteristics,indications for ERCP,findings,therapeutic procedures,and complications of 122 pediatric patients who underwent 245 ERCPs in the Asan Medical Center between June 1994 and March 2008 were investigated.RESULTS:The mean age of the 122 patients was 8.0 ± 4.2 years.Indications were biliary pathology in 78(64.0%),pancreatic pathology in 43(35.2%),and chronic abdominal pain in one.Biliary indications included choledochal cysts in 40,choledocholithiasis in 24,suspected sclerosing cholangitis in 8,trauma in 2,and other conditions in 4.Pancreatic indications includedacute pancreatitis in 7,acute recurrent pancreatitis in 11,chronic pancreatitis in 20,trauma in 3,and pancreatic mass in 2.Of the 245 ERCPs,success rate was 98.4% and 190(77.6%) were for therapeutic purposes,including endoscopic nasal drainage(51.8%),biliary sphincterotomy(38.0%),pancreatic sphincterotomy(23.3%),stent insertion(15.1%),stone extraction(18.8%),and balloon dilatation(11.0%).Complications were postERCP pancreatitis in 16(6.5%),ileus in 23(9.4%),hemorrhage in 2(0.8%),perforation in 2(0.8%),sepsis in 1(0.4%),and impacted basket in 1(0.4%).There were no procedure-related deaths,and most complications improved under supportive care.CONCLUSION:This study showed that there is a high incidence of choledochal cyst and diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP for the management of various biliary and pancreatic diseases was safe and effective in Korean children.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography drainage for palliation of malignant hilar biliary obstruction——stent-in-stent or side-by-side?A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Biliary drainage,either by the stent-in-stent(SIS)or side-by-side(SBS)technique,is often required when treating a malignant hilar biliary obstruction(MHBO).Both methods differ from each other and have distinct advantages.AIM To compare both techniques regarding their efficacy and safety in achieving drainage of MHBO.METHODS A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases(MEDLINE,Embase,LILACS,BIREME,Cochrane)was conducted and grey literature from their inception until December 2020 with no restrictions regarding the year of publication or language,since there was at least an abstract in English.The included studies compared SIS and SBS techniques through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Outcomes analyzed included technical and clinical success,early and late adverse events(AEs),stent patency,reintervention,and procedure-related mortality.RESULTS Four cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial evaluating a total of 250 patients(127 in the SIS group and 123 in the SBS group)were included in this study.There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning the evaluated outcomes,except for stent patency,which was higher in the SIS compared with the SBS technique[mean difference(d)=33.31;95%confidence interval:9.73 to 56.90,I2=45%,P=0.006].CONCLUSION The SIS method showed superior stent patency when compared to SBS for achieving bilateral drainage in MHBO.Both techniques are equivalent in terms of technical success,clinical success,rates of both early and late AEs,reintervention,and procedure-related mortality.

Endoscopic management of occluded metal biliary stents:Metal versus 10F plastic stents

AIM:To compare the efficacy of self-expandable metal stents(SEMSs) with 10F plastic stents(PSs) in the endoscopic management of occluded SEMSs.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 56 patients who underwent SEMS insertion for palliation of unresectable malignant biliary obstruction between 2000 and 2007 and subsequent endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage(ERBD) with SEMS or PS for initial SEMS occlusion between 2000 and 2008.RESULTS:Subsequent ERBD with SEMS was performed in 29 patients and with PS in 27.The median time to stent occlusion after subsequent ERBD was 186 d in the SEMS group and 101 d in the PS group(P= 0.118).Overall median stent patency was 79 d for the SEMS group and 66 d for the PS group(P = 0.379).The mean number of additional biliary drainage procedures after subsequent ERBD in patients that died(n = 50) during the study period was 2.54 ± 4.12 for the SEMS group and 1.85 ± 1.95 for the PS group(P = 0.457).The mean total cost of additional biliary drainage procedures after the occlusion of subsequent SEMS or PS was $410.04 ± 692.60 for the SEMS group and $630.16 ± 671.63 for the PS group(P = 0.260).Tumor ingrowth as the cause of initial SEMS occlusion was the only factor associated with a shorter time to subsequent stent occlusion(101 d for patients with tumor ingrowth vs 268 d for patients without tumor ingrowth,P = 0.008).CONCLUSION:Subsequent ERBD with PSs offered similar patency and number of additional biliary drainage procedures compared to SEMSs in the management of occluded SEMS.

Endoscopic management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: Biliary complications are a serious problem in patients after liver transplantation and often require reoperation. This study was conducted to summarize the endoscopic diagnosis and management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). METHODS: From December 2000 to November 2003, twelve endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies(ERCPs) were performed in 7 patients after OLT at Digestive Endoscopic Center of Changhai Hospital in Shanghai, China. The therapeutic maneuvers included endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), biliary stent placement, balloon and basket extraction, irrigation, and nasobiliary tube placement. A retrospective study was made to determine the types of biliary tract complications after OLT. The success of ERCP and therapeutic maneuvers was also evaluated. RESULTS: Biliary tract complications including biliary stricture, biliary leak, biliary sludge, and stump leak of the cyst duct were treated respectively by endoscopic sphincterotomy with sludge extraction, stricture dilation or endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage. Two of the 3 patients with proximal common bile duct stricture were successfully treated with ERCP and stent placement. Four patients with anastomotic stricture and/without bile leak were treated successfully by dilation and stent placement or endoscopic nosobiliary drainage. No severe ERCP-related complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: ERCP is an effective and accurate approach for the diagnosis of biliary tract complications after OLT, and placement of a stent is a safe initial treatment for biliary complications after liver transplantation.

Response to endoscopic therapy for biliary anastomotic strictures in deceased versus living donor liver transplantation

BACKGROUND:Endoscopic therapy has been successful in the management of biliary complications after both deceased donor liver transplantation(DDLT) and living donor liver transplantation(LDLT).LDLT is thought to be associated with higher rates of biliary complications,but there are few studies comparing the success of endoscopic management of anastomotic strictures between the two groups.This study aims to compare our experience in the endoscopic management of anastomotic strictures in DDLT versus LDLT.METHODS:This is a retrospective database review of all liver transplant patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) after liver transplantation.The frequency of anastomotic stricture and the time to develop and to resolve anastomotic stricture were compared between DDLT and LDLT.The response of anastomotic stricture to endoscopic therapy was also analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 362 patients underwent liver transplantation between 2003 and 2011,with 125 requiring ERCP to manage biliary complications.Thirty-three(9.9%) cases of DDLT and 8(27.6%) of LDLT(P=0.01) were found to have anastomotic stricture.When comparing DDLT and LDLT,there was no difference in the mean time to the development of anastomotic strictures(98±17 vs 172±65 days,P=0.11),likelihood of response to ERCP [22(66.7%) vs 6(75.0%),P=0.69],mean time to the resolution of anastomotic strictures(268±77 vs 125±37 days,P=0.34),and the number of ERCPs required to achieve resolution(3.9±0.4 vs 4.7±0.9,P=0.38).CONCLUSIONS:Endoscopic therapy is effective in the majority of biliary complications relating to liver transplantation.Anastomotic strictures occur more frequently in LDLT compared with DDLT,with equivalent endoscopic treatment response and outcomes for both groups.

Endoscopic stenting for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To analyze through meta-analyses the benefits of two types of stents in the inoperable malignant biliary obstruction.METHODS: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials(RCT) was conducted, with the last update on March 2015, using EMBASE, CINAHL(EBSCO), MEDLINE, LILACS/CENTRAL(BVS), SCOPUS, CAPES(Brazil), and gray literature. Information of the selected studies was extracted in sight of six outcomes: primarily regarding dysfunction, complication and reintervention rates; and secondarily costs, survival, and patency time. The data about characteristics of trial participants, inclusion and exclusion criteria and types of stents were also extracted. The bias was mainly assessed through the JADAD scale. This meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database by the number CRD42014015078. The analysis of the absolute risk of the outcomes was performed using the software Rev Man, by computing risk differences(RD) of dichotomous variables and mean differences(MD) of continuous variables. Data on RD and MD for each primary outcome were calculated using the MantelHaenszel test and inconsistency was qualified and reported in χ2 and the Higgins method(I2). Sensitivity analysis was performed when heterogeneity was higher than 50%, a subsequent assay was done and other findings were compiled. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of weighted arithmetic means regarding secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Initial searching identified 3660 studies; 3539 were excluded through title, repetition, and/or abstract, while 121 studies were fully assessed and were excluded mainly because they did not compare self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) and plastic stents(PS), leading to thirteen RCT selected, with 13 articles and 1133 subjects meta-analyzed. The mean age was 69.5 years old, that were affected mostly by bile duct(proximal) and pancreatic tumors(distal). The preferred SEMS diameter used was the 10 mm(30 Fr) and the preferred PS diameter used was 10 Fr. In the metaanalysis, SEMS had lower overall stent dysfunction compared to PS(21.6% vs 46.8%, P < 0.00001) and fewer re-interventions(21.6% vs 56.6%, P < 0.00001), with no difference in complications(13.7% vs 15.9%, P = 0.16). In the secondary analysis, the mean survival rate was higher in the SEMS group(182 d vs 150 d, P < 0.0001), with a higher patency period(250 d vs 124 d, P < 0.0001) and a lower cost per patient(4193.98 vs 4728.65 Euros, P < 0.0985).CONCLUSION: SEMS are associated with lower stent dysfunction, lower re-intervention rates, better survival, and higher patency time. Complications and costs showed no difference.

Endoscopic Palliative Treatment for Malignant Obstructive Jaundice: A Report of 929 Cases

Objective To review the experience with endoscopic palliative treatment for malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) in 929 patients. Methods 929 patients (598 males and 331 females) underwent 1 215 endoscopic palliative drainages for MOJ in our hospital. Tumor obstruction occurred in the distal common bile duct (CBD) (263 patients) , the middle CBD (43), and the hilum (909) . The mean biliru-bin level was 284.3umol/L( range 26 - 810) . Of the 1 215 drainages, 599 were performed by stenting with plastic endoprosthesis, 385 by naso-biliary catheterization, 167 by expandable metal stents, 39 by combined drainage method, 19 by tumor sphincterotomy and 6 by endoscopic fistulostomy.Results The successful rate of endoscopic procedure was 94.3 % . The jaundice symptom was improved in 81.8 % of the patients with a significant reduction of serum bilirubin in 64.7% . The complication after treatment occurred in 23 cases (2.6%), including cholangitis (23 cases), pancreatitis (8 cases), and bleeding (one case), and 3 cases were dead (0.2%) . The median survival time of all patients was 14 months and life time analysis showed a life expectancy of 75.9% , 44.0% and 25.2% at 1, 2 and 3 years respectively. Conclusion In the patients with MOJ secondary to pancreatobiliary malignancy, successful endoscopic drainage provides adequate relief of biliary obstruction and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic interventional treatment may be considered as an alternative of palliative biliary operation for the late stage of pancreatic and biliary malignancies.

Biochemical and radiological predictors of malignant biliary strictures

AIM: Differentiation of benign biliary strictures (BBS) from malignant biliary strictures (MBS) remains difficult despite improvement in imaging and endoscopic techniques. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical, biochemical and or radiological predictors of malignant biliary strictures.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all charts of patients who had biliary strictures (BS) on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous cholangiography (PTC) in case of unsuccessful ERCP from March 1998 to August 2002. Patient characteristics, clinical features, biochemical, radiological and biopsy results were all recorded. Stricture etiology was determined based on cytology,biopsy or clinical follow-up. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to determine the optimal laboratory diagnostic criterion threshold in predicting MBS.RESULTS: One hundred twenty six patients with biliary strictures were enrolled, of which 72 were malignant. The mean age for BBS was 53 years compared to 62.4 years for MBS (P=0.0006). Distal bile duct stricture was mainly due to a malignant process 48.6% vs 9% (P=0.001). Alkaline phosphates and AST levels were more significantly elevated in MBS (P=0.0002). ROC curve showed that a bilirubin level of 84 μmol/L or more was the most predictive of MBS with a sensitivity of 98.6%, specificity of 59.3% and a positive likelihood ratio of 2.42 (95% CI=0.649-0.810). Proximal biliary dilatation was more frequently encountered in MBS compared to BBS, 73.8% vs39.5% (P=0.0001). Majority of BBS (87%) and MBS (78%) were managed endoscopically.CONCLUSION: A serum bilirubin level of 84 μmol/L or greater is the best predictor of MBS. Older age, proximal biliary dilatation, higher levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT and AST are all associated with MBS. ERCP is necessary to diagnose and treat benign and malignant biliary strictures.

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided common bile duct stone removal

Endoscopic ultrasonography has become an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in endoscopy units.It has a great impact on biliary and pancreatic disease management and its application to retrograde cholangiopancreatography is appealing,although very challenging with current devices.In this article we describe our initial experience with this technique.

Management of occluded self-expanding biliary metal stents in malignant biliary disease

Background: Occlusion of self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) in malignant biliary obstruction occurs in up to 40% of patients. This study aimed to compare the different techniques to resolve stent occlusion in our collective of patients.Methods: Patients with malignant biliary obstruction and occlusion of biliary metal stent at a tertiary referral endoscopic center were retrospectively identified between April 1, 1994 and May 31, 2014. The clinical records were further analyzed regarding the characteristics of patients, malignant strictures, SEMS,management strategies, stent patency, subsequent interventions, survival time and case charges.Results: A total of 108 patients with biliary metal stent occlusion were identified. Seventy-nine of these patients were eligible for further analysis. Favored management was plastic stent insertion in 73.4% patients. Second SEMS were inserted in 12.7% patients. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and mechanical cleansing were conducted in a minority of patients. Further analysis showed no statistically significant difference in median overall secondary stent patency(88 vs. 143 days, P = 0.069), median survival time(95 vs. 192 days, P = 0.116), median subsequent intervention rate(53.4% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.501)and median case charge(€5145 vs. €3473, P = 0.803) for the treatment with a second metal stent insertion compared to plastic stent insertion. In patients with survival time of more than three months,significantly more patients treated with plastic stents needed re-interventions than patients treated with second SEMS(93.3% vs. 57.1%, P = 0.037).Conclusions: In malignant biliary strictures, both plastic and metal stent insertions are feasible strategies for the treatment of occluded SEMS. Our data suggest that in palliative biliary stenting, patients especially those with longer expected survival might benefit from second SEMS insertion. Careful patient selection is important to ensure a proper decision for either management strategy.

Successful endoscopic procedures for intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct:A case report

Attention has recently been focused on biliary papillary tumors as the novel disease entity intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB),which consists of papillary proliferation of dysplastic biliary epithelium.As even benign papillary tumors are considered as premalignant,some investigators recommend aggressive surgical therapy for IPNB,although no guidelines are available to manage this disease.Few reports have described long-term follow-up of patients with benign IPNB without radical resection.If patients with IPNB who are treated only with endoscopic procedures are noted,clinical profiles and alternative therapies other than resection may be recommended.We report the case of a patient who experienced repetitive cholangitis for 10 years and was finally diagnosed with IPNB.Radical resection could not be recommended because of the age of the patient,therefore,endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed.Although an endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage catheter was placed several times for repetitive cholangitis,the patient has done well during follow-up.Our case may offer insights into the natural course and management decisions for the novel disease entity of IPNB.

Direct peroral cholangioscopy using an ultraslim upper endoscope for biliary lesions

BACKGROUND: The development of direct peroral cholangioscopy(DPOC) using an ultraslim endoscope simplifies biliary cannulation. The conventional techniques are cumbersome to perform and require advanced skills. The recent introduction of the guidewires and balloons has improved the therapeutic outcomes. Here we describe an effective and easier method for performing DPOC using an ultraslim upper endoscope. METHODS: Indications for DPOC were the presence of stones on follow-up of patients who had previously undergone complete sphincteroplasty, including endoscopic sphincterotomy or endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation. Fifteen patients underwent DPOC. An ultraslim endoscope was inserted perorally and was advanced into the major papilla. The ampulla of Vater was visualized by retroflexing the endoscope in the distal second portion of the duodenum, and then DPOC was performed using a wire-guided cannulation technique with an anchored intraductal balloon catheter. RESULTS: One patient failed in the treatment due to looping of the endoscope in the fornix of the stomach. Fourteen(93.3%) were successfully treated with our modified DPOC technique. Only one patient(6.7%) experienced an adverse event(pancreatitis) who responded well to conservative management. Residual stones of the common bile duct were completely removed in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: The modified method of DPOC is simple, safe and easy to access the bile duct.

胆总管结石患者ERCP术后早期胆道感染的动态预测工具开发及验证

目的开发胆总管结石患者经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后发生早期胆道感染(PEEBI)的预测工具,以期辅助临床进行ERCP术前决策和术后早期个性化干预。方法采用观察性双向队列研究方法,选取某医院接受ERCP的胆总管结石住院患者,分别采用有向无环图(DAGs)和最小绝对收缩与选择算子法(LASSO)进行基于logistic回归的PEEBI预测,比较预测模型,并进行内外部验证。结果2020年1月1日—2023年9月30日,共纳入接受ERCP的胆总管结石患者2121例,其中77例(3.6%)发生了PEEBI,且主要集中在术后前2天(66.2%)。影响PEEBI的主要因素为非医源的患者相关因素,即糖尿病(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.14~4.85)、胆管恶性肿瘤(OR=3.95,95%CI:1.74~8.31)和十二指肠乳头憩室(OR=4.39,95%CI:1.86~9.52)。DAGs模型较LASSO模型的综合判别能力高3.0%(P=0.007),且DAGs模型外部验证中的区分性能(D=0.133,P=0.894)和校准性能(χ^(2)=5.499,P=0.703)均表现良好。结论本研究构建的DAGs模型具有良好的预测性能,临床可在该工具的协助下采取针对性的围手术期早期预防措施,以减少PEEBI的发生。

老年胆总管结石患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术插管取石后并发胆道感染、急性胰腺炎的相关因素分析

目的探讨老年胆总管结石患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)插管取石后并发胆道感染、急性胰腺炎的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2021年7月至2022年12月于郑州大学附属郑州中心医院接受ERCP治疗的140例老年胆总管结石患者的临床资料,观察ERCP治疗效果及术后并发症发生的相关因素。结果140例接受ERCP的老年患者,138例成功插管,插管成功率为98.57%。129例患者一次性取石成功,一次取净率为93.47%。术后7例患者发生胆道感染,14例发生急性胰腺炎。经单因素、多因素logistic回归分析,高位胆道梗阻、合并糖尿病是老年胆总管结石患者ERCP术后并发胆道感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05);既往慢性胰腺炎史、导丝多次进入胰管、插管困难是老年胆总管结石患者ERCP术后并发急性胰腺炎的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年胆总管结石患者ERCP术后并发症影响因素主要为高位胆道梗阻、合并糖尿病、既往慢性胰腺炎史、导丝多次进入胰管、困难插管。

ERCP内镜微创治疗消化道重建术后胆胰管梗阻性病变研究进展

随着经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retro-grade cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)的不断完善和进步,使得ERCP在治疗胆胰管梗阻性病变的应用越来越广泛.在正常胃肠道解剖结构患者中,ERCP的成功率超过95%.然而,消化道重建术后ERCP的内镜入路冗长且复杂,输入攀和吻合口识别困难,肠管粘连及成角等问题,使得ERCP内镜微创治疗胆胰管梗阻病变得极具挑战性,给内镜医生带来不少困难.不同的消化道重建术式,ERCP操作技术的侧重点各不相同.本文结合文献及临床经验,针对不同的消化道重建术后ERCP操作技巧、内镜选择策略及新型辅助技术等方面作一系统阐述.

经胰管胆胰管隔膜预切开术留置导丝法和胰管支架法在困难性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影中的应用

目的探讨经胰管胆胰管隔膜预切开术留置导丝法和胰管支架法在困难性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）胆管插管中的应用价值。方法收集2012年6月-2014年5月南京医科大学第二附属医院消化医学中心困难性ERCP患者309例。其中228例放入胰管导丝或胰管塑料支架,或常规乳头预切开,胆管插管成功;剩余81例,行经胰管胆胰管隔膜预切开留置导丝术（导丝组,37例）和胰管胆胰管隔膜预切开留置胰管支架术（支架组,44例）,比较两种方法插管成功率及并发症发生率。结果 81例患者中77例成功插入胆管,导丝组成功率91.89%（34/37）,支架组97.73%（43/44）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。81例患者中17例出现并发症,其中,导丝组急性胰腺炎8例,出血3例,胆道感染1例;支架组急性胰腺炎3例,出血1例,胆道感染1例。两组比较,支架组总并发症发生率低于导丝组（11.36%vs 32.43%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=3.75,P〈0.05）。其中急性胰腺炎的发生率支架组低于导丝组（6.82%vs 21.62%）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=2.25,P〈0.05）。结论经胰管胆胰管隔膜预切开术可进一步提高ERCP胆管插管成功率,其中支架法较导丝法具有更高的胆管插管成功率,前者ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率更低,更安全。

治疗性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影在胆胰疾病治疗中的应用

目的分析治疗性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）对胆胰疾病患者肝功能和治疗效果的影响。方法筛选2005年1月-2015年7月北京市垂杨柳医院应用电子十二指肠镜行ERCP治疗的397例胆胰疾病患者。根据不同病种分为8组：良性梗阻组（109例）、恶性梗阻组（47例）、胰腺炎组（27例）、异物梗阻组（127例）、单纯性胆管炎组（19例）、胆瘘组（15例）、十二指肠乳头憩室组（29例）、肝移植术后组（24例）。实施ERCP前1天和实施ERCP 4周后检测受试者的肝功能：ALT、AST、ALP、GGT和TBil。ERCP治疗完成后1个月对疗效进行全面评估。计量资料同组治疗前后比较采用配对t检验,多组间比较采用方差分析;计数资料组间比较采用χ^2检验。结果各组受试者实施ERCP后,其ALT、AST、ALP、GGT以及TBil均有显著改善,即ERCP可以明显改善受试者肝功能（P值均〈0.05）。疗效评估发现,ERCP治疗后,各组的症状均有明显缓解,单纯性胆管炎组全部治愈,而肝移植术后组和恶性梗阻组只能达到好转的效果。结论治疗性ERCP可显著改善患者的肝功能;但对肝移植术后患者和胆胰肿瘤患者,需要在进行ERCP治疗的同时实施腹腔镜手术联合治疗。

治疗性ERCP在老年胆胰疾病患者中的临床价值

背景：临床上高龄胆胰疾病患者日益增多，而传统手术治疗的风险较大。目的：探讨治疗性ERCP在老年胆胰疾病患者治疗中的临床应用价值。方法：对2006年1月～2009年10月兰州军区兰州总医院诊断为胰胆疾病的343例患者行治疗性ERCP。并按年龄将其分为老年组和非老年组，分析原发疾病、ERCP操作、治疗成功率以及并发症发生率。结果：老年组胆管癌的发生率高于非老年组。除胆管塑料支架置入术（ERBD）外，两组内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术（EST）、胆总管取石术、胆道金属支架置入术（EMBE）、胰管支架置人术（ERPD）、鼻胆管引流术（ENBD）操作频率无明显差异。两组ERCP治疗成功率（82．5％对87．0％）和并发症发生率（3.3％对4．6％）无明显差异。所有并发症经内科保守治疗和内镜下治疗后痊愈。结论：治疗性ERCP是一项安全、有效的治疗技术，尤其适用于老年胆胰疾病患者。其并发症多数可经内科保守治疗联合内镜下治疗治愈。

治疗性逆行胰胆管造影临床价值分析

目的:探讨治疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)的临床应用价值及其相关并发症.方法:对2005-01/2008-07有胰胆疾病的302例患者进行ERCP治疗.收集临床资料进行全面统计,回顾性分析.结果:患者以老年比例最大.302例ERCP治疗总成功率为84.4%,其中前150例成功率为79.3%,后152例成功率为89.5%.并发症共11例,总体并发症发生率为3.6%.并发症均经内科保守治疗及内镜下治疗治愈,无外科手术及死亡病例.结论:治疗性ERCP是一项安全、有效的治疗技术.适用于多种胆胰疾病.操作成功率与术者的经验积累有密切关系.其并发症多数是可预防的,内科保守治疗联合内镜下治疗可治愈绝大多数并发症.