While the increasing development of modern information technology, the globalization is becoming an obvious feature on educational situations. Therefore, mastering some necessary bilingual competencies will present es...While the increasing development of modern information technology, the globalization is becoming an obvious feature on educational situations. Therefore, mastering some necessary bilingual competencies will present essential meaning for educators. In the case of language teachers who teaching in the ethnically plural countries, for instance, China, the United States, language teachers have to face to various difficulties on the process of teaching in the bilingual class. Currently, the advanced technology is gradually being applied into language teaching, and then provides a series of advantages on improving the quality of language teaching. Firstly, the essay will analyse the barriers which exist in the language class, which in the level of Chinese university. Secondly, it will systematically describe how ICT can help language teachers to solve difficulties on teaching and display diverse innovative technological tools of language teaching.展开更多
Process integration is the important aspect of product development process. The recent researches focus on project management, workflow management and process modeling. Based on the analysis of the process, product de...Process integration is the important aspect of product development process. The recent researches focus on project management, workflow management and process modeling. Based on the analysis of the process, product development process is divided into three levels according to different grains from macroscopy to microcosm. Our research concentrate on the workflow and the free-grained design process. According to the need of representing the data and the relationships among them for process integration, context model is introduced, and its characters are analyzed. The tree-like structure of inheritance among context model＇s classes is illustrated; The relationships of reference among them are also explained. Then, extensible markup language （XML） file is used to depict these classes. A four-tier framework of process integration has been established, in which model-view-controller pattern is designed to realize the separation between context model and its various views. The integration of applications is applied by the encapsulation of enterprise＇s business logic as distributed services. The prototype system for the design of air filter is applied in an institute.展开更多
This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half bein...This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half being semantically incongruent with the sentence and half congruent） were presented to French natives under 4 levels of degradation： no degradation, mild degradation （2 levels）, and strong degradation. Under mild degradation allowing controlled sentence-level processing according to behavioral data, the N400 effect （i.e., the N400 to incongruent words minus the N400 to congruent words） and a late positive complex were delayed and the latter effect was reduced. Under strong degradation allowing only automatic sentence processing according to behavioral data, no ERP effects remained. These results suggest that, unlike contextual effect found with single words （e.g., using word-pair or word-list paradigms）, ERP effects elicited by more complex contexts such as full sentences are generated by controlled but not by automatic mechanisms of speech processing.展开更多
Worldwide,there has been a number of researchers studying how children acquire two or more languages since bilingualism or multilingualism were increasingly prevalent.China,a monolingual culture is a late participant ...Worldwide,there has been a number of researchers studying how children acquire two or more languages since bilingualism or multilingualism were increasingly prevalent.China,a monolingual culture is a late participant engaged in the field of bilingualism studies.Recent years witnessed a growing number of Chinese parents who attempted to raise their children bilingual by speaking English to them at home,however,relevant research on bilingualism acquisition in China lagged behind.This article reviews existing studies on early child bilingualism acquisition and bilingual parenting,displays language context in China,and explores solutions to difficulties Chinese parents face.Different from their counterparts in culturally diverse context,these Chinese parents living in a monolingual environment were confronted with unique and more challenges:the quality of English they speak as a second language to children;the quantity of English input;the monolingual environment in China;and resistance to English by children.Solutions are proposed to tackle these issues respectively.展开更多
The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the ...The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University, the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics ＆ Germanic, Slavic, Asian ＆ African Languages atMichigan State University, the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall, the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular, but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues, as well as emerging topics, in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership.展开更多
文摘While the increasing development of modern information technology, the globalization is becoming an obvious feature on educational situations. Therefore, mastering some necessary bilingual competencies will present essential meaning for educators. In the case of language teachers who teaching in the ethnically plural countries, for instance, China, the United States, language teachers have to face to various difficulties on the process of teaching in the bilingual class. Currently, the advanced technology is gradually being applied into language teaching, and then provides a series of advantages on improving the quality of language teaching. Firstly, the essay will analyse the barriers which exist in the language class, which in the level of Chinese university. Secondly, it will systematically describe how ICT can help language teachers to solve difficulties on teaching and display diverse innovative technological tools of language teaching.
基金National Defense Science Foundation of China (No.B0920060901)
文摘Process integration is the important aspect of product development process. The recent researches focus on project management, workflow management and process modeling. Based on the analysis of the process, product development process is divided into three levels according to different grains from macroscopy to microcosm. Our research concentrate on the workflow and the free-grained design process. According to the need of representing the data and the relationships among them for process integration, context model is introduced, and its characters are analyzed. The tree-like structure of inheritance among context model＇s classes is illustrated; The relationships of reference among them are also explained. Then, extensible markup language （XML） file is used to depict these classes. A four-tier framework of process integration has been established, in which model-view-controller pattern is designed to realize the separation between context model and its various views. The integration of applications is applied by the encapsulation of enterprise＇s business logic as distributed services. The prototype system for the design of air filter is applied in an institute.
文摘This study focused on the automatic versus controlled nature of the underlying cognitive processes of ERPs （Event-Related Potentials） effects during speech perception. ERPs to the final word of sentences （half being semantically incongruent with the sentence and half congruent） were presented to French natives under 4 levels of degradation： no degradation, mild degradation （2 levels）, and strong degradation. Under mild degradation allowing controlled sentence-level processing according to behavioral data, the N400 effect （i.e., the N400 to incongruent words minus the N400 to congruent words） and a late positive complex were delayed and the latter effect was reduced. Under strong degradation allowing only automatic sentence processing according to behavioral data, no ERP effects remained. These results suggest that, unlike contextual effect found with single words （e.g., using word-pair or word-list paradigms）, ERP effects elicited by more complex contexts such as full sentences are generated by controlled but not by automatic mechanisms of speech processing.
文摘Worldwide,there has been a number of researchers studying how children acquire two or more languages since bilingualism or multilingualism were increasingly prevalent.China,a monolingual culture is a late participant engaged in the field of bilingualism studies.Recent years witnessed a growing number of Chinese parents who attempted to raise their children bilingual by speaking English to them at home,however,relevant research on bilingualism acquisition in China lagged behind.This article reviews existing studies on early child bilingualism acquisition and bilingual parenting,displays language context in China,and explores solutions to difficulties Chinese parents face.Different from their counterparts in culturally diverse context,these Chinese parents living in a monolingual environment were confronted with unique and more challenges:the quality of English they speak as a second language to children;the quantity of English input;the monolingual environment in China;and resistance to English by children.Solutions are proposed to tackle these issues respectively.
文摘The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University, the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics ＆ Germanic, Slavic, Asian ＆ African Languages atMichigan State University, the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall, the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular, but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues, as well as emerging topics, in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership.
