Treatment of biliverdin IXα dimethyl ester(2)with silver nitrate in alkaline solution gave two violin-like tripyrrione carbaldehydes,one de- graded at C15-C16,other at C4-C5.Biliverdin IXα(1),bilirubin IXα(3)and it...Treatment of biliverdin IXα dimethyl ester(2)with silver nitrate in alkaline solution gave two violin-like tripyrrione carbaldehydes,one de- graded at C15-C16,other at C4-C5.Biliverdin IXα(1),bilirubin IXα(3)and its dimethyl ester(4)gave the same results.展开更多
The electrochemical redox behavior of bilirubin(BR Ⅳ_α),biliverdin(BV Ⅳ_α)and their oxidized product bile-purpurin(Bi-Pu)have been studied by in situ spectroelectrochemical techniques,which reveals that the transf...The electrochemical redox behavior of bilirubin(BR Ⅳ_α),biliverdin(BV Ⅳ_α)and their oxidized product bile-purpurin(Bi-Pu)have been studied by in situ spectroelectrochemical techniques,which reveals that the transformation of BR Ⅳ_α■BV Ⅳ_α■Bi-Pu can be achieved by controlling poten- tials.The kinetic investigation has shown that the heterogeneous electron transfer reactions of the couples of Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅳ/Ⅲ were quasi-reversible and irreversible at a clean platinum electrode with the formal heteroge- neous electron transfer rate constants 1.5×10^(-4)cm·s^(-1)and 4.8×10^(-5)cm·s^(-1),respectively.展开更多
Inflammation links neurodegenerative,neuropsychiatric and other neurological diseases(NDs)with acute brain events.It is responsible for the alteration of neurotransmission and circuity,brain architecture,and cell fate...Inflammation links neurodegenerative,neuropsychiatric and other neurological diseases(NDs)with acute brain events.It is responsible for the alteration of neurotransmission and circuity,brain architecture,and cell fate,affecting mood and personality(anxiety,depression and schizophrenia)and behavior(decline in cognitive,motor and speech abilities,altered sleep,fatigue,pain sensitivity and dementia).Inflammation is also a key component in systemic chronic diseases(cardiovascular disease,cancer,diabetes,and metabolic syndrome),in which bilirubin has been demonstrated to improve the diseases by acting as a multi-target antiinflammatory molecule,and where the evaluation of pharmacological modulation of the pigment level as a therapeutic approach has already started.While altered serum bilirubin levels have been reported in ND patients,the potential activity of bilirubin in the brain is vague.This review summarizes the available fragmentary information on the interplay of bilirubin with neuroinflammation,aiming to elucidate the pigment's role in the central nervous system environment.展开更多
The electrochemical reduction behavior of bilirubin (BR) at platinum electrode in DMF was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, in situ electron spin resonance spectroscopy and in situ rapid scanning thin layer spectroe...The electrochemical reduction behavior of bilirubin (BR) at platinum electrode in DMF was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, in situ electron spin resonance spectroscopy and in situ rapid scanning thin layer spectroelectrochemistry. Experimental results revealed that the reduction of BR firstly undergoes an ECE process: GRAPHICS The generated (BR)(2)(3-). can be re-oxidized to BR and then to purpurin (Pu) by a series of oxidation processes: GRAPHICS However, the re-reduction reactions of Pu are not the reverse processes. The different reduction mechanisms are discussed in detail.展开更多
The electrooxidation of Bilirubin (BR) in N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF + H_2O mixed solvent is investigated by voltammetry techniques, in situ rapid scan thin layer spectroelectrochemistry and in situ ESR ...The electrooxidation of Bilirubin (BR) in N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF + H_2O mixed solvent is investigated by voltammetry techniques, in situ rapid scan thin layer spectroelectrochemistry and in situ ESR spectroscopy. The data reveal that the oxidation process of BR undergoes many stages, which are all sped up by the introduction of water. The species of bilirubin taking part in the reaction is found to be changed from BR in DMF into BR' in the mixed solvents and the anodic peak potential is shifted correspondingly from +0.58 V to +0.026-+0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 1.0 M KCl). Free radicals and the dimerization of them are observed during the oxidation.展开更多
文摘Treatment of biliverdin IXα dimethyl ester(2)with silver nitrate in alkaline solution gave two violin-like tripyrrione carbaldehydes,one de- graded at C15-C16,other at C4-C5.Biliverdin IXα(1),bilirubin IXα(3)and its dimethyl ester(4)gave the same results.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The electrochemical redox behavior of bilirubin(BR Ⅳ_α),biliverdin(BV Ⅳ_α)and their oxidized product bile-purpurin(Bi-Pu)have been studied by in situ spectroelectrochemical techniques,which reveals that the transformation of BR Ⅳ_α■BV Ⅳ_α■Bi-Pu can be achieved by controlling poten- tials.The kinetic investigation has shown that the heterogeneous electron transfer reactions of the couples of Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅳ/Ⅲ were quasi-reversible and irreversible at a clean platinum electrode with the formal heteroge- neous electron transfer rate constants 1.5×10^(-4)cm·s^(-1)and 4.8×10^(-5)cm·s^(-1),respectively.
基金Jayanti S was supported in part by a fellowship from the Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan of Ministry of Finance of Indonesia and an internal grant from the Italian Liver Foundation.The funders had no role in data analysis and interpretation and also writing of the manuscript
文摘Inflammation links neurodegenerative,neuropsychiatric and other neurological diseases(NDs)with acute brain events.It is responsible for the alteration of neurotransmission and circuity,brain architecture,and cell fate,affecting mood and personality(anxiety,depression and schizophrenia)and behavior(decline in cognitive,motor and speech abilities,altered sleep,fatigue,pain sensitivity and dementia).Inflammation is also a key component in systemic chronic diseases(cardiovascular disease,cancer,diabetes,and metabolic syndrome),in which bilirubin has been demonstrated to improve the diseases by acting as a multi-target antiinflammatory molecule,and where the evaluation of pharmacological modulation of the pigment level as a therapeutic approach has already started.While altered serum bilirubin levels have been reported in ND patients,the potential activity of bilirubin in the brain is vague.This review summarizes the available fragmentary information on the interplay of bilirubin with neuroinflammation,aiming to elucidate the pigment's role in the central nervous system environment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The electrochemical reduction behavior of bilirubin (BR) at platinum electrode in DMF was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, in situ electron spin resonance spectroscopy and in situ rapid scanning thin layer spectroelectrochemistry. Experimental results revealed that the reduction of BR firstly undergoes an ECE process: GRAPHICS The generated (BR)(2)(3-). can be re-oxidized to BR and then to purpurin (Pu) by a series of oxidation processes: GRAPHICS However, the re-reduction reactions of Pu are not the reverse processes. The different reduction mechanisms are discussed in detail.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The electrooxidation of Bilirubin (BR) in N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF + H_2O mixed solvent is investigated by voltammetry techniques, in situ rapid scan thin layer spectroelectrochemistry and in situ ESR spectroscopy. The data reveal that the oxidation process of BR undergoes many stages, which are all sped up by the introduction of water. The species of bilirubin taking part in the reaction is found to be changed from BR in DMF into BR' in the mixed solvents and the anodic peak potential is shifted correspondingly from +0.58 V to +0.026-+0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 1.0 M KCl). Free radicals and the dimerization of them are observed during the oxidation.
