Objective The effectiveness and acceptability of Billings Ovulation Method (BOM) during breastfeeding were studied. At the same time, the monitoring indexes of fertility return were studied.Methods It was a clinical c...Objective The effectiveness and acceptability of Billings Ovulation Method (BOM) during breastfeeding were studied. At the same time, the monitoring indexes of fertility return were studied.Methods It was a clinical comparative study of BOM and IUD containing copper (200mm 2). The annual rate of pregnancy, discontinuation rate and continuation rate in the two groups was determined. The serum prolactin and estradiol in 90 breastfeeding mothers and urine estrogen and pregnanediol in different feeding mothers were measured.Results There were 219 subjects in the BOM group and 200 in the IUD group. The pregnancy rate in this two groups was 1. 43% and 1. 54% respectively. The rates of discontinuation and continuation in the IUD group were:8. 87% and 91. 35% as well as in the BOM group were 8. 53% and 90. 17% respectively. Neither result was statistically significant (P>0. 05). The experimtal research showed that menses return was well estimated by 0. 35 ratio of serum prolactin vs. estrodiol. Sensitivity and specificity was 94. 61% and 84. 61% respectively. It also indicated that (1) the levels of urine hormone were closely related to the patterns of cervical mucus and (2) the incidence of ovulating before the second return of menses in partially breastfeeding mothers was much lower than that of bottle-feeding mothers (47. 05% vs. 94. 20%). Conclusion BOM is a simple, reliable and well accepted contraceptive method of during breastfeeding. If it can be combined with the measurement of serum prolactin/ estradiol, the date of menses return will be determined more easily. Encouraging mothers to breast-feed will be beneficial to the health of both babies and mothers and delay the fertility return of mothers.展开更多
In the industrial engineering, the maintenance and logistics support process is one of the key factors for the performance of equipment. Bill of materials( BOM) describes all the components in product and internal hie...In the industrial engineering, the maintenance and logistics support process is one of the key factors for the performance of equipment. Bill of materials( BOM) describes all the components in product and internal hierarchal relationships as a structured tree.In order to gain all required maintenance information for complex equipment which is complex,the modeling and the application of maintenance BOM are introduced in this paper. Because of the simple structure and the wide function,IDEF0 is presented to build the model of maintenance BOM. The modeling approach can gather the maintenance information conveniently based on other BOMs,and applications of maintenance BOM are widely,particularly,in maintenance and inventory management.展开更多
基金The project was funded by Shanghai Municipal Science & Technology Commission
文摘Objective The effectiveness and acceptability of Billings Ovulation Method (BOM) during breastfeeding were studied. At the same time, the monitoring indexes of fertility return were studied.Methods It was a clinical comparative study of BOM and IUD containing copper (200mm 2). The annual rate of pregnancy, discontinuation rate and continuation rate in the two groups was determined. The serum prolactin and estradiol in 90 breastfeeding mothers and urine estrogen and pregnanediol in different feeding mothers were measured.Results There were 219 subjects in the BOM group and 200 in the IUD group. The pregnancy rate in this two groups was 1. 43% and 1. 54% respectively. The rates of discontinuation and continuation in the IUD group were:8. 87% and 91. 35% as well as in the BOM group were 8. 53% and 90. 17% respectively. Neither result was statistically significant (P>0. 05). The experimtal research showed that menses return was well estimated by 0. 35 ratio of serum prolactin vs. estrodiol. Sensitivity and specificity was 94. 61% and 84. 61% respectively. It also indicated that (1) the levels of urine hormone were closely related to the patterns of cervical mucus and (2) the incidence of ovulating before the second return of menses in partially breastfeeding mothers was much lower than that of bottle-feeding mothers (47. 05% vs. 94. 20%). Conclusion BOM is a simple, reliable and well accepted contraceptive method of during breastfeeding. If it can be combined with the measurement of serum prolactin/ estradiol, the date of menses return will be determined more easily. Encouraging mothers to breast-feed will be beneficial to the health of both babies and mothers and delay the fertility return of mothers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71471147)the Basic Research Project of Natural Science in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2015JQ7273)the 111 Project of China(No.B13044)
文摘In the industrial engineering, the maintenance and logistics support process is one of the key factors for the performance of equipment. Bill of materials( BOM) describes all the components in product and internal hierarchal relationships as a structured tree.In order to gain all required maintenance information for complex equipment which is complex,the modeling and the application of maintenance BOM are introduced in this paper. Because of the simple structure and the wide function,IDEF0 is presented to build the model of maintenance BOM. The modeling approach can gather the maintenance information conveniently based on other BOMs,and applications of maintenance BOM are widely,particularly,in maintenance and inventory management.
