Bonding mechanism of X10CrNi18-8 with Ni/Al_2O_3 composite ceramic by pressureless infiltration

Abstract： An alloy steel/alumina composite was successfully fabricated by pressureless infiltration of X10CrNil8-8 steel melt on 30% （mass fraction） Ni-containing alumina based composite ceramic （Ni/Al2O3） at 1 600 ℃. The infiltration quality and interfacial bonding behavior were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD and tensile tests. The results show that there is an obvious interfacial reaction layer between the alloying steel and the Ni/Al2O3 composite ceramic. The interfacial reactive products are （FexAly）3O4 intermetallic phase and （AlxCry）2O3 solid solution. The interracial bonding strength is as high as about 67.5 MPa. The bonding mechanism of X10CrNi 18-8 steel with the composite ceramic is that Ni inside the ceramic bodies dissolves into the alloy melt and transforms into liquid channels, consequently inducing the steel melt infiltrating and filling in the pores and the liquid channels. Moreover, the metallurgical bonding and interfacial reactive bonding also play a key role on the stability of the bonding interface.

Atom Diffusion Behavior and Bonding Strength of Ag/Cu Composite Interface

The atom (Ag,Cu) diffusion behavior and the effect of technology on the interface of rolled Ag/Cu composite contact were investigated. The concentration of Ag and Cu atoms near the interface was determined with electron probe. The bonding strength of composite interface was tested and the fracture in tensile sample was observed by SEM. The results show that there was inter diffusion of Ag and Cu atoms on the interface, which formed compact layer with high bonding strength of 98 MPa. The practical application proved that the Ag/Cu composite interface is reliable.

Effects of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds on interfacial bonding of clad materials

The growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface between solid Al and Fe and the effects of intermetallic compound layers on the interfacial bonding of clad materials were investigated. The results showed that the interface between the solid Fe and Al formed by heat-treatment consisted of Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 intermetallic compound layers, which deteriorated the interfacial bonding strength. Fractures occurred in the intermetallic compound layer during the shear testing. The location of the fracture depended on the defects of microcracks or voids in the intermetallic compound layers. The microcracks in the intermetallic compound layer were caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of materials during cooling, and the voids were consistent with the Kirkendall effect. The work will lay an important foundation for welding and joining of aluminum and steel, especially for fabrication of Al-Fe clad materials.

Improvement of the matrix and the interface quality of a Cu/Al composite by the MARB process

The matrix accumulative roll bonding technology （MARB） can improve the matrix performance of metal composite and strengthen the bonding quality of the interface./n this research, for the fwst time, the technology of MARB was proposed. A sound Cu/AI bonding composite was obtained using the MARB process and the bonding characteristic of the interface was studied using scanning electricity microscope （SEM） and energy-dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. The result indicated that accumulation cycles and diffusion annealing temperature were the most important factors for fabricating a Cu/AI composite material. The substrate aluminum was strengthened by MARB, and a high quality Cu/AI composite with sound interface was obtained as well.

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical behavior of Mg/Cu bimetal composites fabricated by compound casting process

Mg/Cu bimetal composites were prepared by compound casting method, and the microstructure evolution, phase constitution and bonding strength at the interface were investigated.It is found that a good metallurgical bonding can be achieved at the interface of Mg and Cu,which consists of two sub-layers,i.e.,layer I with 30μm on the copper side composed of Mg2Cu matrix phase, on which a small amount of dendritic MgCu2 phase was randomly distributed;layerⅡ with 140μm on the magnesium side made up of the lamellar nano-eutectic network Mg2Cu+(Mg) and a small amount of detached Mg2Cu phase. The average interfacial shear strength of the bimetal composite is measured to be 13 MPa.This study provides a new fabrication process for the application of Mg/Cu bimetal composites as the hydrogen storage materials.

Influence of Mass Ratio of Resin and Stabilizer on Mechanical Properties of Mo Fiber-reinforced Granite Polymer Composite

Because inferior mechanical strength of granite polymer composite(GPC)has become the main drawback limiting its application and popularization,Mo fibers were added into(GPC)to improve its mechanical strength.Mechanical properties of matrix materials with different mass ratio of resin and stabilizer(MRRS)were investigated systematically.The influences of MRRS on interface bonding strength of Mo fiber-matrix,wettability and mechanical strength of GPC were discussed,respectively,and the theoretical calculation result of MRRS k was obtained,with the optimal value of k=4.When k=4,tensile strength,tensile strain and fracture stress of the cured resin achieve the maximum values.But for k=7,the corresponding values reach the minimum.With the increase of MRRS k,surface free energy of the cured resin first increases and then decreases,while contact angles between Mo sample and matrix have displayed the opposite trend.Wettability of resin to Mo fiber is the best at k=4.Pulling load of Mo fiber and interface bonding strength appear the maximum at k=4,followed by k=5,k=3 the third,and k=7 the minimum.When k=4,mechanical properties of Mo fiber-reinforced GPC are optimal,which is consistent with the result of theoretical calculation.This study is of great significance to get better component formulas of Mo fiber reinforced GPC and to improve its application in machine tools.

Interfacial microstructure and properties of diamond/Cu-xCr composites for electronic packaging applications

Diamond/Cu-xCr composites were fabricated by pressure infiltration process.The thermal conductivities of diamond/Cu-xCr（x = 0.1,0.5,0.8） composites were above 650 W/mK,higher than that of diamond/Cu composites.The tensile strengths ranged from 186 to 225 MPa,and the bonding strengths ranged from 400 to 525 MPa.Influences of Cr element on the thermo-physical properties and interface structures were analyzed.The intermediate layer was confirmed as Cr3C2 and the amount of Cr3C2 increased with the increase of Cr concentration in Cu-xCr alloys.When the Cr concentration was up to 0.5 wt.%,the content of the Cr3C2 layer was constant.As the thickness of the Cr3C2 layer became larger,the composites showed a lower thermal conductivity but higher mechanical properties.The coefficients of thermal expansion（CTE） of diamond/Cu-xCr（x = 0.1,0.5,0.8） composites were in good agreement with the predictions of the Kerner＇ model.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni-coated SiC particles reinforced AZ61 alloy composites

In order to improve the interface bonding of SiCp/AZ61 composites prepared by powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion, the electroless plating of Ni-P coating on SiCp was carried out. The influence of Ni coating on microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was analyzed. The results show that SiC particles distribute more uniformly in the composites after surface Ni plating and there are fewer defects in Ni-coated composite. The Ni coating reacts with the magnesium matrix forming the Mg2Ni interfacial compound layer during the sintering process. The relative density of the composite increases from 97.9% to 98.4% compared with uncoated one and the hardness of the Ni-coated composite increases more rapidly as the volume fraction of SiCp increases. The tensile test results show that the tensile strength increases from 320 to 336 MPa when the volume friction of SiC particle is 9% and the Ni-coated composites have larger elongation, indicating that Ni coating improves the interfacial bonding strength and the performance of the composites. In addition, the fracture properties of SiCp/AZ61 composites were analyzed.

Microstructural characterization of Cu/Al composites and effect of cooling rate at the Cu/Al interfacial region

Cu/Al composites are of vital importance in industrial applications because of their numerous advantages. The influence of bond-ing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and morphology of Cu/Al composites was investigated in this paper. The interfacial morphology and constituent phases at the Cu/Al interface were analyzed by optical microscopy and field-emission scanning electron mi-croscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that effective Cu-Al bonding requires a higher bonding temperature to facilitate interdiffusion between the two metals. The microstructural characteristics are associated with various bonding tem-peratures, which impact the driving force of interdiffusion. It is observed that cooling rate exerts a significant influence on the morphology and amount of the intermetallic compounds at the interfacial region. Meanwhile, microhardness measurements show that hardness varies with the bonding temperature and rate of cooling.

Influences of Mo Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Resin Mineral Composites

The influences of new,scrap,and five modified Mo fibers on interface bonding strength of fiber-matrix and mechanical strength of RMC were studied.Typical specimens with different fibers and mass ratio of resin and hardener were prepared to verify the above assumptions.Theoretical analysis and experimental results prove that,compared with ordinary new Mo fibers,scrap Mo fibers can perform better in improving interface bonding strength and mechanical properties of RMC because many discharge pits randomly distribute on the surface of scrap fibers.For five modified Mo fibers,interface bonding strength and the reinforcing effect on RMC have been improved obviously.Wherein,comprehensive mechanical properties of RMC are optimal with the addition of M6 fibers which have undergone combined surface treatment including acidification,gas-phase oxidation and coupling treatment.And interface bonding strength between M6 fiber and matrix is the maximum.

Influence of Extrusion Speed on the Microstructure Evolution, Interface Bonding and Mechanical Response of Mg MB26/Al 7075 Composite Rod

The Mg MB26/Al 7075 composite rod,in which Mg MB26 serves as the sleeve and Al 7075 serves as the core,is fabricated via the process of co-extrusion.The influence of extrusion speed on the microstructure evolution,interface bonding and mechanical response of the Mg MB26/Al 7075 composite rod is investigated.The results show that the typical extrusion texture of Mg sleeve does not change during co-extrusion;however,the average grain size in the Mg sleeve slightly changes from 1.57 lm in the case of extrusion speed of 0.3 mm/s to 2.78 lm in the case of extrusion speed of2.1 mm/s.The thickness of interface transition layer increases significantly from 5.5 to 50 lm,and therefore,the interface bonding becomes deteriorative with increasing extrusion speed;in particular,many cavities emerge in the case of 1.2 and2.1 mm/s.

银铜侧向复合材料界面结合机理分析

本文采用“包覆锭坯+扩散烧结+冷轧复合”联合工艺制备了银铜侧向复合带材,利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察分析银铜复合界面结构和元素分布,并分析其银铜复合界面的结合机理。结果表明,银铜复合界面形成过程为:1)银铜接触界面处凹凸不平的表面在轧制力的作用下相互咬合,形成机械结合界面;2)接触面在轧制力的作用下,银铜表面氧化膜破裂,新鲜表面质点间在轧制变形热的作用下产生原子结合;3)在扩散烧结过程中,银铜界面处的原子在高温作用下被激活,银铜原子相互扩散,在界面处发生银铜共晶反应形成液相金属层,随着烧结时间的延长,其共晶反应液相层厚度逐渐增加,随后冷凝结晶,使银铜实现侧向冶金结合。4)在后续中间退火过程中,共晶层与两侧的铜、银基体相互扩散,铜、银原子向更深的方向逐渐扩散,在靠近共晶层铜侧和银侧逐步形成固溶体层,使银与铜的结合强度进一步提高。银铜侧向复合界面结合机理包含机械咬合结合、接触共晶反应自钎焊结合和原子扩散结合3种,复合界面结合强度较好,剪切强度达220 MPa。

Mg/Al真空爆炸焊接微观形貌及力学性能

镁合金和铝合金因具有较高的化学活性,在常规焊接方式下,其表面的氧化物会掺杂到焊接接头内,使得复合板的结合性能下降。为了提高Mg/Al复合板的结合强度,采用真空爆炸焊接法制备了Mg-AZ31B/Al-6061复合板,并与常规空气环境下制备的相同参数复合板进行了对比。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪以及万能试验机,对结合界面的微观形貌、元素分布和力学性能进行分析。结果表明:由于气体冲击波压力不同,真空环境下复合材料的界面形貌与空气环境下有很大区别;真空环境有效抑制了镁、铝2种金属氧化,在熔化区未检测到金属氧化物。此外,还观察到真空环境下试样的剪切强度和拉伸强度显著增大。因此,真空爆炸焊接对Mg/Al复合板性能的提升起到了重要作用,可以作为一种有效的金属焊接方法。

金属表面微结构对CFRP/TC4界面黏结强度的影响分析

CFRP/TC4异质材料黏结界面主要由金属表面、黏结剂以及复合材料表面组成,该界面是异质材料融合构件的核心部位,其界面黏结强度的优劣,对该类异质材料融合构件的长寿命和高可靠性会产生显著影响。本文主要针对TC4金属表面微结构对界面黏结强度的影响进行研究,基于Abaqus建立剪切力作用下的重叠黏结有限元模型,确定优选后的三角形结构主要参数为宽度、高度以及开槽方向与剪切受力方向之间的夹角,进而采用响应面Box-behnken法设计仿真试验并建立金属表面微结构与界面切应力之间的映射模型,并基于方差分析验证了该模型的有效性。通过该研究,揭示了金属表面微结构参数对界面切应力的影响规律。

热处理对1060/7N01/1060轧制复合板显微组织及力学性能的影响

利用475℃单道次热轧的方式制备界面结合良好的1060/7N01/1060层状复合板。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及电子背散射衍射结合硬度和拉伸实验研究层厚比对热轧复合板显微组织和力学性能的影响。此外,对比研究冷轧前热处理(固溶处理及峰值时效)对冷轧复合板显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,层厚比对热轧复合板各层显微组织特征影响不大,其力学性能与混合法则理论预测结果一致。相比而言,额外的热处理对冷轧板纯铝层的晶粒尺寸无明显影响,却有助于细化7N01层的晶粒尺寸及弥散、细小析出物的形成,使其具有更显著的细晶强化、析出强化及位错强化效应。

不同光引发剂口腔复合树脂单体的设计合成及性能

背景:目前由树脂基质单体组成的牙科复合树脂充填物,是牙体缺损充填治疗的首选材料,但随着其在口腔环境中使用时间的延长,牙体组织继发龋以及充填材料磨损折断等问题随之而来,造成这些问题的主要原因是充填材料的聚合收缩及其与牙体组织的机械性能不匹配等。目的:通过加入不同组分的引发剂合成牙科新型复合树脂单体,以提升传统体系的双键转化率并进一步提高材料的力学性能。方法:将不同的引发剂加入3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯二酚型环氧丙烯酸酯树脂单体中,制备新型复合树脂基质体系:A组加入质量分数1.1%的樟脑醌,B组加入质量分数2.1%的1-苯基-1,2-丙二酮,C组加入质量分数3.1%的樟脑醌与1-苯基-1,2-丙二酮混合物(二者质量比为1∶1)。检测各组样品的双键转化率、聚合收缩率和机械性能。结果与结论:①B、C组双键转化率高于A组(P<0.05);B组聚合收缩率大于A组(P<0.05),C组聚合收缩率小于A组(P<0.05);②B、C组的挠曲强度、弹性模量、压缩强度均大于A组(P<0.05,P<0.01),B组的维氏硬度大于A组(P<0.05),C组的维氏硬度小于A组(P<0.01);③结果显示,1-苯基-1,2-丙二酮是一种性能较理想的引发剂,且1-苯基-1,2-丙二酮与樟脑醌联合应用可有效提高树脂基质体系的双键转化率,从而提高树脂的力学性能。

铝钢双金属液固复合铸造研究现状

随着资源短缺、环境污染等问题日益凸显,节能减排成为全世界追逐的目标,汽车工业中用轻质铝合金代替传统的钢或铸铁的趋势越来越明显。铝钢双金属兼具铝合金和钢或铸铁的性能优势,是极具潜力的缸体、活塞等发动机零部件材料。双金属复合铸造因具有工艺简单、结构受限小等优点而被广泛关注。铝钢液固双金属复合铸造的主要挑战包括基体表面易氧化、Al对Fe润湿性差和界面处形成硬脆金属间化合物,导致双金属结合性能不理想。近年来,研究人员在提高铝钢液固复合铸造双金属界面结合强度方面开展了大量研究。本文对常用的铝钢液固复合铸造工艺及其质量影响因素进行了概括,并总结了近年来铝钢液固复合铸造双金属界面相组成和演变过程的研究现状,最后对铝钢液固复合铸造在提高界面结合强度方面的研究进展进行了综述。在此基础上,本文对铝钢双金属液固复合铸造未来研究和发展方向进行了总结和展望。

固体推进剂用新型Schiff碱类高效键合剂的合成及性能表征

为提高丁羟四组元推进剂和CL-20/GAP推进剂的力学性能,解决新的推进剂填料基体界面“脱湿”问题,设计合成了新型Schiff碱键合剂;采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜及万能材料拉伸机等对键合剂的键合效果和推进剂的力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,合成的新型Schiff碱键合剂包含键合剂必备官能团且在AP表面存在明显键合,新型Schiff碱键合剂有望取代有毒MAPO,可明显提高丁羟四组元推进剂的力学性能,使丁羟四组元推进剂常温拉伸强度达到0.7 MPa,常温延伸率大于55%,高温延伸率大于50%,低温延伸率大于60%,并可以明显改善丁羟四组元推进剂的工艺性能;在CL-20/GAP推进剂中,新型Schiff碱键合剂可同时提高推进剂的拉伸强度和延伸率。

Ti和Fe中间层对TA15/硬质合金复合板界面结构与剪切强度的影响

钛合金和硬质合金在扩散复合过程中由于易产生脆硬化合物、热膨胀系数差异诱导高热应力等,导致界面结合性能较差。为了改善TA15/硬质合金复合材料界面结合性能,研究了中间层、复合温度以及硬质合金中Co含量对复合材料界面结构和剪切强度的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等表征方法对复合材料界面附近的元素扩散、界面化合物的类型等进行分析。通过压缩剪切实验对TA15/硬质合金复合材料的界面剪切强度进行测试。结果表明:加入中间层材料(Ti、Fe)可以在一定程度上增加界面附近元素扩散,还能够通过自身的塑性变形来释放复合界面的热应力,从而提升界面的结合性能。复合温度会影响界面附近的元素扩散速率和复合界面的组织结构,从而影响复合材料界面结合性能。