The aim of this paper was to compare the annual economic impact of a large-scale bio-coal pellet plant by raw material specifically for the Finnish Lakeland region. In this study, the total production volume of the th...The aim of this paper was to compare the annual economic impact of a large-scale bio-coal pellet plant by raw material specifically for the Finnish Lakeland region. In this study, the total production volume of the theoretical plant was 200,000 tons per year and the raw wood materials used were birch pulpwood, spruce pulpwood, pine pulpwood, and energy wood. These wood materials were young delimbed wood from early thinnings. The main goal of the paper was to illustrate that the energy content differences of raw wood materials affect the economic profitability of a bio-coal pellet plant at regional level. In this case, wood type also has a regional economic impact, which the pellet plant can influence through its raw wood material choices. The raw material comparison was based on measured data and not computational or literary data alone. The study found that lower solid wood energy densities caused higher relative costs for the total supply chain. A parallel phenomenon occurred with the required gross margin of the pellets, where lower energy content caused higher required gross margin for pellet sales. The gross margin was also sensitivity analyzed at different discount rates from 5% to 20%. At each required discount rate, the highest annual economic impact on the region was found for birch pellets, with values of 36.95 - 42.66 million €. Spruce pellets had the smallest annual economic impact, although it had the highest final pellet price in the same cases. The different economic effects were caused by the energy volumes sold.展开更多
为开拓低阶粉煤资源的高效分质利用途径,以长焰煤粉煤和生物质为主要原料,制备了生物质热解型煤,采用热重分析和固定床热解试验研究了其热解特性,并与原料粉煤进行了对比。结果表明：型煤相比原煤更易于发生热分解反应,其最大热失重速...为开拓低阶粉煤资源的高效分质利用途径,以长焰煤粉煤和生物质为主要原料,制备了生物质热解型煤,采用热重分析和固定床热解试验研究了其热解特性,并与原料粉煤进行了对比。结果表明：型煤相比原煤更易于发生热分解反应,其最大热失重速率峰温相比原煤减小;在失重率小于60%（热解温度低于503℃）时,型煤热解活化能高于原煤,失重率高于60%时,其活化能低于原煤;型煤和原煤的热解活化能主要分布在200-300、150-250 k J/mol;型煤在较低温度下热解对焦油具有较高的选择性,在高温下热解更有利于生成气体产物;型煤热解气体产物组成及其随热解温度的变化规律与原煤基本一致,但型煤热解气体中CO2的含量较原煤高0.5倍左右。展开更多
基金the Auramo Foundation for funding that made this study possible.
文摘The aim of this paper was to compare the annual economic impact of a large-scale bio-coal pellet plant by raw material specifically for the Finnish Lakeland region. In this study, the total production volume of the theoretical plant was 200,000 tons per year and the raw wood materials used were birch pulpwood, spruce pulpwood, pine pulpwood, and energy wood. These wood materials were young delimbed wood from early thinnings. The main goal of the paper was to illustrate that the energy content differences of raw wood materials affect the economic profitability of a bio-coal pellet plant at regional level. In this case, wood type also has a regional economic impact, which the pellet plant can influence through its raw wood material choices. The raw material comparison was based on measured data and not computational or literary data alone. The study found that lower solid wood energy densities caused higher relative costs for the total supply chain. A parallel phenomenon occurred with the required gross margin of the pellets, where lower energy content caused higher required gross margin for pellet sales. The gross margin was also sensitivity analyzed at different discount rates from 5% to 20%. At each required discount rate, the highest annual economic impact on the region was found for birch pellets, with values of 36.95 - 42.66 million €. Spruce pellets had the smallest annual economic impact, although it had the highest final pellet price in the same cases. The different economic effects were caused by the energy volumes sold.
文摘为开拓低阶粉煤资源的高效分质利用途径,以长焰煤粉煤和生物质为主要原料,制备了生物质热解型煤,采用热重分析和固定床热解试验研究了其热解特性,并与原料粉煤进行了对比。结果表明：型煤相比原煤更易于发生热分解反应,其最大热失重速率峰温相比原煤减小;在失重率小于60%（热解温度低于503℃）时,型煤热解活化能高于原煤,失重率高于60%时,其活化能低于原煤;型煤和原煤的热解活化能主要分布在200-300、150-250 k J/mol;型煤在较低温度下热解对焦油具有较高的选择性,在高温下热解更有利于生成气体产物;型煤热解气体产物组成及其随热解温度的变化规律与原煤基本一致,但型煤热解气体中CO2的含量较原煤高0.5倍左右。
