Enhancing Cancer Classification through a Hybrid Bio-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm for Biomarker Gene Selection

In this study,our aim is to address the problem of gene selection by proposing a hybrid bio-inspired evolutionary algorithm that combines Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO)with Harris Hawks Optimization(HHO)for feature selection.Themotivation for utilizingGWOandHHOstems fromtheir bio-inspired nature and their demonstrated success in optimization problems.We aimto leverage the strengths of these algorithms to enhance the effectiveness of feature selection in microarray-based cancer classification.We selected leave-one-out cross-validation(LOOCV)to evaluate the performance of both two widely used classifiers,k-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM),on high-dimensional cancer microarray data.The proposed method is extensively tested on six publicly available cancer microarray datasets,and a comprehensive comparison with recently published methods is conducted.Our hybrid algorithm demonstrates its effectiveness in improving classification performance,Surpassing alternative approaches in terms of precision.The outcomes confirm the capability of our method to substantially improve both the precision and efficiency of cancer classification,thereby advancing the development ofmore efficient treatment strategies.The proposed hybridmethod offers a promising solution to the gene selection problem in microarray-based cancer classification.It improves the accuracy and efficiency of cancer diagnosis and treatment,and its superior performance compared to other methods highlights its potential applicability in realworld cancer classification tasks.By harnessing the complementary search mechanisms of GWO and HHO,we leverage their bio-inspired behavior to identify informative genes relevant to cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Dynamic crushing behaviors and enhanced energy absorption of bio-inspired hierarchical honeycombs with different topologies

In order to pursue good crushing load uniformity and enchance energy absorption efficiency of conventional honeycombs, a kind of bio-inspired hierarchical honeycomb model is proposed by mimicking the arched crab shell structures. Three bio-inspired hierarchical honeycombs(BHHs) with different topologies are designed by replacing each vertex of square honeycombs with smaller arc-shaped structures. The effects of hierarchical topologies and multi-material layout on in-plane dynamic crushings and absorbed-energy capacities of the BHHs are explored based on the explicit finite element(FE) analysis.Different deformation modes can be observed from the BHHs, which mainly depend upon hierarchical topologies and impact velocities. According to energy efficiency method and one-dimensional(1D) shock theory, calculation formulas of densification strains and plateau stresses for the BHHs are derived to characterize the dynamic bearing capacity, which is consistent well with FE results. Compared with conventional honeycombs, the crushing load efficiency and energy absorption capacity of the BHHs can be improved by changing the proper hierarchical topology and multi-material layout. These researches will provide theoretical guidance for innovative design and dynamic response performance controllability of honeycombs.

Bio-Inspired Optimal Dispatching of Wind Power Consumption Considering Multi-Time Scale Demand Response and High-Energy Load Participation

Bio-inspired computer modelling brings solutions fromthe living phenomena or biological systems to engineering domains.To overcome the obstruction problem of large-scale wind power consumption in Northwest China,this paper constructs a bio-inspired computer model.It is an optimal wind power consumption dispatching model of multi-time scale demand response that takes into account the involved high-energy load.First,the principle of wind power obstruction with the involvement of a high-energy load is examined in this work.In this step,highenergy load model with different regulation characteristics is established.Then,considering the multi-time scale characteristics of high-energy load and other demand-side resources response speed,a multi-time scale model of coordination optimization is built.An improved bio-inspired model incorporating particle swarm optimization is applied to minimize system operation and wind curtailment costs,as well as to find the most optimal energy configurationwithin the system.Lastly,we take an example of regional power grid in Gansu Province for simulation analysis.Results demonstrate that the suggested scheduling strategy can significantly enhance the wind power consumption level and minimize the system’s operational cost.

Vibration isolation performance analysis of a bilateral supported bio-inspired anti-vibration control system

To achieve better anti-vibration performance in a low frequency region and expand the range of vibration isolation,a bilateral supported bio-inspired anti-vibration(BBAV)structure composed of purely linear elements is proposed,inspired by the motion form of bird legs and the nonlinear extension and compression of muscles and tendons.The kinematic relations and nonlinear dynamic model considering vertical and rotational vibrations are established.The loading capacity and equivalent stiffness are investigated with key parameters.The amplitude-frequency characteristics and force transmissibility are used to evaluate the stability and anti-vibration performance with the effects of the excitation amplitude,rod length,installation angle,and spring stiffness.The results show that the loading requirements and resonant characteristics of the BBAV structure are adjustable,and superior vibration isolation performance can be achieved readily by tuning the parameters.The X-shaped vibration structure is sensitive to the spring stiffness,which exhibits a wider vibration isolation bandwidth with smaller spring stiffness.Besides,depending on the parameters,the nonlinear behavior of the BBAV system can be interconverted between the softening type and the hardening type.The theoretical analysis in this study demonstrates the advantages and effectiveness of the vibration isolation structure.

Formation Control for Water-Jet USV Based on Bio-Inspired Method

The formation control problem for underactuated unmanned surface vehicles(USVs) is addressed by a distributed strategy based on virtual leader strategy. The control system takes account of disturbance induced by external environment. With the coordinate transformation, the advantage of the proposed scheme is that the control point can be any point of the ship instead of the center of gravity. By introducing bio-inspired model, the formation control problem is addressed with backstepping method. This avoids complicated computation, simplifies the control law,and smoothes the input signals. The system uniform ultimate boundness is proven by Lyapunov stability theory with Young inequality. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness and robust of the proposed controller.

Bio-inspired geomagnetic navigation method for autonomous underwater vehicle

This paper presents a bio-inspired geomagnetic navigation method for autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) without using any a priori geomagnetic information. Firstly, the multi-objective search problem is raised. Secondly, the geomagnetic navigation model is established by constructing a cost function. Then, by taking into consideration the biological magneto-taxis movement behavior for the geomagnetic environment stimulus, the multiobjective evolutionary search algorithm is derived to describe the search process. Finally, compared to the state-of-the-art, the proposed method presents better robustness. The simulation results demonstrate the reliability and feasibility of the proposed method.

Influence of bio-inspired flow channel designs on the performance of a PEM fuel cell

Performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is appreciably affected by the channel geometry.The branching structure of a plant leaf and human lung is an efficient network to distribute the nutrients in the respective systems.The same nutrient transport system can be mimicked in the flow channel design of a PEMFC,to aid even reactant distribution and better water management.In this work,the effect of bio-inspired flow field designs such as lung and leaf channel design bipolar plates,on the performance of a PEMFC was examined experimentally at various operating conditions.A PEMFC of 49 cm2 area,with a Nafion 212 membrane with a 40%catalyst loading of 0.4 mg·cm-2 on the anode side and also 0.6 mg·cm-2 on the cathode side is assembled by incorporating the bio-inspired channel bipolar plate,and was tested on a programmable fuel-cell test station.The impact of the working parameters like reactants’relative humidity(RH),back pressure and fuel cell temperature on the performance of the fuel cell was examined;the operating pressure remains constant at 0.1 MPa.It was observed that the best performance was attained at a back pressure of 0.3 MPa,75°C operating temperature and 100%RH.The three flow channels were also compared at different operating pressures ranging from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa,and the other parameters such as operating temperature,RH and back pressure were set as 75°C,100%and 0.3 MPa.The experimental outcomes of the PEMFC with bio-inspired channels were compared with the experimental results of a conventional triple serpentine flow field.It was observed that among the different flow channel designs considered,the leaf channel design gives the best output in terms of power density.Further,the experimental results of the leaf channel design were compared with those of the interdigitated leaf channel design.The PEMFC with the interdigitated leaf channel design was found to generate 6.72%more power density than the non-interdigitated leaf channel design.The fuel cell with interdigitated leaf channel design generated5.58%more net power density than the fuel cell with non-interdigitated leaf channel design after considering the parasitic losses.

Nanoscale All-Oxide-Heterostructured Bio-inspired Optoresponsive Nociceptor

Retina nociceptor,as a key sensory receptor,not only enables the transport of warning signals to the human central nervous system upon its exposure to noxious stimuli,but also triggers the motor response that minimizes potential sensitization.In this study,the capability of two-dimensional all-oxide-heterostructured artificial nociceptor as a single device with tunable properties was confirmed.Newly designed nociceptors utilize ultra-thin sub-stoichiometric TiO2–Ga2O3 heterostructures,where the thermally annealed Ga2O3 films play the role of charge transfer controlling component.It is discovered that the phase transformation in Ga2O3 is accompanied by substantial jump in conductivity,induced by thermally assisted internal redox reaction of Ga2O3 nanostructure during annealing.It is also experimentally confirmed that the charge transfer in alloxide heterostructures can be tuned and controlled by the heterointerfaces manipulation.Results demonstrate that the engineering of heterointerfaces of two-dimensional(2D)films enables the fabrication of either high-sensitive TiO2–Ga2O3(Ar)or high-threshold TiO2–Ga2O3(N2)nociceptors.The hypersensitive nociceptor mimics the functionalities of corneal nociceptors of human eye,whereas the delayed reaction of nociceptor is similar to high-threshold nociceptive characteristics of human sensory system.The long-term stability of 2D nociceptors demonstrates the capability of heterointerfaces engineering for e ective control of charge transfer at 2D heterostructured devices.

A Bio-Inspired Flapping-Wing Robot With Cambered Wings and Its Application in Autonomous Airdrop

Flapping-wing flight, as the distinctive flight method retained by natural flying creatures, contains profound aerodynamic principles and brings great inspirations and encouragements to drone developers. Though some ingenious flapping-wing robots have been designed during the past two decades, development and application of autonomous flapping-wing robots are less successful and still require further research. Here, we report the development of a servo-driven bird-like flapping-wing robot named USTBird-I and its application in autonomous airdrop.Inspired by birds, a camber structure and a dihedral angle adjustment mechanism are introduced into the airfoil design and motion control of the wings, respectively. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and actual flight tests show that this bionic design can significantly improve the gliding performance of the robot, which is beneficial to the execution of the airdrop mission.Finally, a vision-based airdrop experiment has been successfully implemented on USTBird-I, which is the first demonstration of a bird-like flapping-wing robot conducting an outdoor airdrop mission.

Layout design and application of 4D-printing bio-inspired structures with programmable actuators

Four-dimensional(4D)printing is an advanced form of three-dimensional(3D)printing with controllable and programmable shape transformation over time.Actuators are used as a controlling factor with multi-stage shape recovery,with emerging opportunities to customize the mechanical properties of bio-inspired structures.The print pattern of shape memory polymer(SMP)fbers strongly afects the achievable resolution,and consequently infuences several other physical and mechanical properties of fabricated actuators.However,the deformations of bio-inspired structures due to actuator layout are more complex because of the presence of the coupling of multi-directional strain.In this study,the initial structure was designed from closed-shell behavior and divided into a general unit and actuator unit,the latter responsible for driving the transformation.Mutual stress confrontation between the actuator and the general unit was considered in the layout thermodynamic model,in order to eliminate the transformation produced by the uncontrolled shape memory behavior of the general unit.Three critical and efective strategies for the layout design of actuators were proposed and then applied to achieve the desired accurate deformation of 3D-printed bilayer structures.Finally,the proposed approach was validated and adopted for fabricating a complex shell-like gripper structure.

An Efficient Bio-inspired Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst:MnO_(x)Nanosheets Incorporated Iron Phthalocyanine Functionalized Graphene

Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts play a critical role in energy storage and conversion devices and have been attracted enormous interests,and however,it remains challenging to develop highly active cheap catalysts in a simple and green route.Inspired by the heme-copper oxidases(HOCs),in which the ORR active center is originated from the incorporation of Fe-N_(4)with copper atom,we here developed a fine manganese oxide nanosheets(MnO_(x)NSs)integrated with iron phthalocyanine(FePc)anchored on highly conductive graphene(MnO_(x)/FePc-G)through a green route only involve ethanol as the reagent.The bio-inspired catalyst MnO_(x)/Fe Pc-G demonstrated high ORR activity with a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.887 V,about 57 mV more positive than that of Pt/C.And the current density(j)at 0.9 V is about 1.9 m A cm^(-2),which is three times of Pt/C and FePc-G.More importantly,the bio-inspired systems show superior stability in comparison to commercial Pt/C,showing a potential of 0.863 V to deliver a j of 3 mA cm^(-2)after 18000 s polarization,about 80 mV higher than that of 0.783 V for Pt/C.The high activity is contributed by the integration of the Fe Pc and MnO_(x)NSs that plays the role to assist the cleavage of the O_(2)bond.Our approach provides a new evidence to develop highly efficient ORR catalysts through imitate the naturally involved systems through a simple route.

A Bio-Inspired Global Finite Time Tracking Control of Four-Rotor Test Bench System

A bio-inspired global finite time control using global fast-terminal sliding mode controller and radial basis function network is presented in this article,to address the attitude tracking control problem of the three degree-of-freedom four-rotor hover system.The proposed controller provides convergence of system states in a predetermined finite time and estimates the unmodeled dynamics of the four-rotor system.Dynamic model of the four-rotor system is derived with Newton’s force equations.The unknown dynamics of four-rotor systems are estimated using Radial basis function.The bio-inspired global fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed to provide chattering free finite time error convergence and to provide optimal tracking of the attitude angles while being subjected to unknown dynamics.The global stability proof of the designed controller is provided on the basis of Lyapunov stability theorem.The proposed controller is validated by(i)conducting an experiment through implementing it on the laboratory-based hover system,and(ii)through simulations.Performance of the proposed control scheme is also compared with classical and intelligent controllers.The performance comparison exhibits that the designed controller has quick transient response and improved chattering free steady state performance.The proposed bioinspired global fast terminal sliding mode controller offers improved estimation and better tracking performance than the traditional controllers.In addition,the proposed controller is computationally cost effective and can be implanted on multirotor unmanned air vehicles with limited computational processing capabilities.

Utilization of nonlinear vibrations of soft pipe conveying fluid for driving underwater bio-inspired robot

Creatures with longer bodies in nature like snakes and eels moving in water commonly generate a large swaying of their bodies or tails,with the purpose of producing significant frictions and collisions between body and fluid to provide the power of consecutive forward force.This swaying can be idealized by considering oscillations of a soft beam immersed in water when waves of vibration travel down at a constant speed.The present study employs a kind of large deformations induced by nonlinear vibrations of a soft pipe conveying fluid to design an underwater bio-inspired snake robot that consists of a rigid head and a soft tail.When the head is fixed,experiments show that a second mode vibration of the tail in water occurs as the internal flow velocity is beyond a critical value.Then the corresponding theoretical model based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation(ANCF)is established to describe nonlinear vibrations of the tail.As the head is free,the theoretical modeling is combined with the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)analysis to construct a fluid-structure interaction(FSI)simulation model.The swimming speed and swaying shape of the snake robot are obtained through the FSI simulation model.They are in good agreement with experimental results.Most importantly,it is demonstrated that the propulsion speed can be improved by 21%for the robot with vibrations of the tail compared with that without oscillations in the pure jet mode.This research provides a new thought to design driving devices by using nonlinear flow-induced vibrations.

Bio-inspired vibrational wireless underground communication system

The internet of the underground things(IoUT)is an emerging field that concerns connected underground sensing nodes and can find applications in various fields such as geotechnical engineering,precision agriculture,and search and rescue operations.The complex underground environment and multiphase nature of the soil pose challenges to wireless underground communication.Most existing studies on wireless underground communication focus on the use of electromagnetic waves.However,as a highly lossy material for electromagnetic waves,soil can limit the range and reliability of data transmission.Inspired by subterranean animals that rely on vibrations or seismic waves for underground communication,the prototype system developed in this study is based on vibration.This system includes a bioinspired vibrating source,a micro-electromechanical system(MEMS)accelerometer,a microcontroller,and a set of algorithms for encoding and decoding information.Specifically,the mole ratsinspired source is small in size,low in cost,and energy-efficient.An on-off-keying decoding algorithm enhanced with an error-correction algorithm is found to be robust in transmitting textual and imaginary information.With the current design,a maximum transmission bit rate of 16e17 bits per second and a transmission distance of 80 cm can be achieved.The bit error ratio is as low as 0.1%,demonstrating the robustness of the algorithms.The performance of the developed system shows that seismic waves produced by vibration can be used as an information carrier and can potentially be implemented in the IoUT.

Elimination-Evolution Self-repair Method for Bio-inspired Electronic System

The existing self-repair methods,evolvable hardware and embryonic electronics( embryonics) are analyzed. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the existing self-repair methods,a novel self-repair method named elimination-evolution self-repair method is proposed. The system can be repaired through elimination in real time and evolved to optimize the allocation of system resources with this method. The proposed self-repair method not only ensures the speed of the system's self-repair,but also makes full use of system resources to improve the system's self-repair capacity and provides a new self-repair approach for bio-inspired electronic system. In the end,the advantages of the proposed eliminationevolution self-repair method are verified through a simulation experiment.

Guest Editorial:Advances in Bio-inspired Heuristics for Computing

Bio-inspired computing (BIC), short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study that loosely knits together subfields related to the topics of connectionism, social behaviour and emergence. The field of bio-inspired computing brings together researchers from many disciplines, including biology, computer science, mathematics, physics and genetics.

A Perspective of Conventional and Bio-inspired Optimization Techniques in Maximum Likelihood Parameter Estimation

Maximum likelihood estimation is a method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model in statistics. It has been widely used in a good many multi-disciplines such as econometrics, data modelling in nuclear and particle physics, and geographical satellite image classification, and so forth. Over the past decade, although many conventional numerical approximation approaches have been most successfully developed to solve the problems of maximum likelihood parameter estimation, bio-inspired optimization techniques have shown promising performance and gained an incredible recognition as an attractive solution to such problems. This review paper attempts to offer a comprehensive perspective of conventional and bio-inspired optimization techniques in maximum likelihood parameter estimation so as to highlight the challenges and key issues and encourage the researches for further progress.

Preliminary Exploration on the Application of Saussure Sign Concept in Bio-Inspired Design: A Case of Tiantoushui Doll-Design

Simply, shape bionics is to extract an image feature of natural objects, and most of the techniques for transforming and presenting are focused on metaphorical effects. In particular, the extraction process of metaphor design seems to be related to the concept of Saussure signs. Therefore, this research took the doll design of the Tiantoushui community in Changhua County, Taiwan as an example and attempted to use the Saussure concept to extract and evaluate the signs of bio-inspired design. The results showed that a total of three doll works symbolized respectively rice, guava, and pomelo implied the signification of local region by integrating the Saussure code image with the sign-image of the regional nature and transforming its content into “commodity design” and further transferring into “the product value of cultural and creative”. In addition, the specific extraction process included 1) Extraction of image—adjectives in creative products;2) Meaning space of image—adjec- tives in creative products;3) Extraction and determination of design elements of creative products, and 4) Combined the sensibility of creative products and design elements to derive design rules. After preliminary exploration of the extraction steps above, a concrete and efficient bio-inspired design process was proposed in this work. Besides, it was inferred that if further combined with the post-modern design style, it may not only simplify the design elements of creative products but also enhance the design connotations in the future.

Bio-inspired photosystem for green energy

Science,2016,351,74-77;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2016,55,12503-12507Over billions years of evolution,biosystems have developed elaborate architectures to realize efficient substance metabolism and energy conversion.Using and/or mimicking biological process has provided us an elegant strategy for design and fabrication of biologically functional systems,such as photosystem.To realize efficient energy production,it

Advances in bio-inspired electrocatalysts for clean energy future

Electrocatalysis can enable efficient energy storage and conversion and thus is an effective way to achieve carbon neutrality.The unique structure and function of organisms can offer many ideas for the design of electrocatalysts,which has become one of the most promising research directions.Recently,the understanding of the mechanism of bio-inspired electrocatalysis has become clearer,which has promoted the design of bio-inspired catalysts and catalytic systems.Various bio-inspired catalysts(enzyme-like catalysts,layered porous catalysts,superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces,and so on)have been developed to enable efficient electrocatalytic reactions.Herein,we discuss the key advances in the field of bio-inspired electrocatalysts progressed in recent years.First,the role of bio-inspiration in increasing the intrinsic activity and number of active sites of catalysts is introduced.Then,the structure and mechanism of layered porous catalytic systems that mimic biological transport systems are comprehensively discussed.Subsequently,the design of three-phase interfaces from micro-nanoscale to atomic scale is highlighted,including the wettability of the electrode surface and the transport system near the electrode.We conclude the review by identifying challenges in bio-inspired electrocatalysts and providing insights into future prospects for the exciting research field.