Recent advances in small molecule fluorescent probes for simultaneous imaging of two bioactive molecules in live cells and in vivo

The interrelationships and synergistic regulations of bioactive molecules play pivotal roles in physiological and pathological processes involved in the initiation and development of some diseases,such as cancer and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.Therefore,the simultaneous,accurate and timely detection of two bioactive molecules is crucial to explore their roles and pathological mechanisms in related diseases.Fluorescence imaging associated with small molecular probes has been widely used in the imaging of bioactive molecules in living cells and in vivo due to its excellent performances,including high sensitivity and selectivity,noninvasive properties,real-time and high spatial temporal resolution.Single organic molecule fluorescent probes have been successively developed to simultaneously monitor two biomolecules to uncover their synergistic relationships in living systems.Hence,in this review,we focus on summarizing the design strategies,classifications,and bioimaging applications of dual-response fluorescent probes over the past decade.Furthermore,future research directions in this field are proposed.

Interaction of Biologically Active Molecules with Sulfur-modified Gold Surface

The immobilization of cytochrome c or horseradish peroxidase at the sulfur-modified gold electrode exhibits a rapid electron transfer behavior because of its specific orientation on the electrode surface and the interaction between cytochrome c or horseradish peroxidase and sulfur-modified on the surface of the Au electrode.

Nanoscale coordination polymer Fe-DMY downregulating Poldip2-Nox4-H2O2 pathway and alleviating diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in adults.The high levels of glucose trigger multiple intracellular oxidative stress pathways,such as POLDIP2,resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),hypoxia-inducible factor 1a(HIF-1a),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),causing microvascular dysfunction.Dihydromyricetin(DMY)is a natural flavonoid small molecule antioxidant.However,it exhibits poor solubility in physiological environments,has a short half-life in vivo,and has low oral bioavailability.In this study,we present,for the first time,the synthesis of ultra-small Fe-DMY nano-coordinated polymer particles(Fe-DMY NCPs),formed by combining DMY with low-toxicity iron ions.In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that Fe-DMY NCPs alleviate oxidative stress-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells by high glucose,scavenge excess ROS,and improve pathological features of DR,such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization.Mechanistic validation indicates that Fe-DMY NCPs can inhibit the activation of the Poldip2-Nox4-H_(2)O_(2) signaling pathway and downregulate vital vascular function indicators such as VCAM-1,HIF-1a,and VEGF.These findings suggest that Fe-DMY NCPs could serve as a safe and effective antioxidant and microangio-protective agent,with the potential as a novel multimeric drug for DR therapy.

Bioactive compounds,nutraceutical values and its application in food product development of oyster mushroom

Oyster mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus)is one of the popular edible mushrooms and is widely cultivated throughout the world for its unique delicacy in flavor,aroma and taste.They exhibit excellent sources of biological proteins,fber,vitamins,and minerals.Moreover,their demands are increasing due to the presence of bioactive components such as phenol,flavonoid,terpenes,polysaccharides and reported to possess anti-microbial,anti-cancer,anti-hyperlipidemia,anti-diabetic,anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant activity.Owing to their beneficial health effects,they act as a potential source for formulation of functionalσr value added food products.The objective of the review is to emphasize the remarkable nutitional properties and their signifcant relationship concening hea1th-promoting properties which view oyster mushrooms as a superfood and plant-based-mutraceuticals food.

Fatty acids of Pleurotus florida mushroom:Potential molecules for blood glucose control

In Vitro-In Vivo antidiabetic effect of Pleurotus florida mycelia was evaluated using enzymes,yeast cell and in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic(T2D)animal model.P.florida mycelia was prepared by submerged fermentation process.The fungal biomass was organically extracted using mixture of ethanol and water.Highest extractives yield of 14.3%w/w was obtained in hydroalcoholic solvent with dielectric constant-δvalue of 78.2(EX78).P.florida mycelia extract(EX 78)shows higher antioxidant power with 86.87%free radical scavenging activity and with 75.29 reducing power.In-vitroα-amylase inhibition,α-glucosidase inhibition and glucose uptake activity of EX 78 shows higher effectiveness.The P.florida mycelia extract(EX 78)is also found to be effective in controlling of blood glucose and insulin level in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced T2D animals.The blood glucose was reduced to 216±6.21 mg/dl from 357±0.34 mg/dl and the insulin level was increased to 0.423±0.006 ng per mL from 0.164±0.03 ng/mL in P.florida treated animals.The higher fatty acids,C20-eicosane;C24-tetracosane and C30-squalene present in P.florida mycelium extract was found to be effective in inhibiting human intestinalα-glucosidase and pancreaticα-amylase.The P.florida mushroom is found to be effective in controlling high blood glucose elevated liver and cardiac enzymes.Consumption of this mushroom is suitable for controlling blood glucose level in person with hyperglycaemia.

Isolation,purification and characterization of extracellular protease produced by marine-derived endophytic fungus Xylaria psidii KT30

Objective:To isolate,purify and characterize extracellular protease produced by Xylaria psidii(X.psidii)KT30.Methods:In the present study,the extracellular protease secreted by X.psidii KT30 was isolated and purified by using three steps of protein purification,then the purified protease was characterized by applying qualitative and quantitative enzymatic assays.Results:Extracellular protease with molecular mass 71 kDa has been purified successfully by applying diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose followed by sephadex SG75 with its final specific protease activity of 0.091 IU/mg.Protease was the most active at temperature 60℃ and pH 7.The activity of enzyme was abolished mostly by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride,showing it is family of serine protease.Conclusions:Extracellular serine protease produced by X.psidii KT30 with good biochemical properties displayed some promising results for its further application in field of biotechnology or medicine.

Seaweeds’nutraceutical and biomedical potential in cancer therapy:a concise review

Seaweeds have been a food source since ancient times(600 BC)and are still widely used in Asia,mainly in traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese folk medicine.Nowadays,seaweed compounds and extracts have been gaining interest from the biomedical and pharmaceutical market sectors.Seaweeds have been referenced as feasible solutions in finding new potential compounds and therapies in prevention,control,and reduction of cancer development due to the multirole of some bioactive components(e.g,phenolic compounds and sulphated polysaccharides).Moreover,seaweeds are rich in important health-promoting molecules[such as poly and highly unsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs and HUFAs),essential amino acids,vitamins,and dietary fibers]and minerals(calcium,iron,iodine,magnesium,phosphorus,potassium,zinc,copper,manganese,selenium,and fluoride).In this review,the potential therapeutic effects of seaweed in the prevention and treatment of cancer are approached,as well as nutraceutical properties of seaweed to promote cell homeostasis.