Quantifying key model parameters for wheat leaf gas exchange under different environmental conditions

The maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco(Vcmax)and maximum rate of electron transport(Jmax)for the biochemical photosynthetic model,and the slope(m)of the Ball-Berry stomatal conductance model influence gas exchange estimates between plants and the atmosphere.However,there is limited data on the variation of these three parameters for annual crops under different environmental conditions.Gas exchange measurements of light and CO2 response curves on leaves of winter wheat and spring wheat were conducted during the wheat growing season under different environmental conditions.There were no significant differences for Vcmax,Jmax or m between the two wheat types.The seasonal variation of Vcmax,Jmax and m for spring wheat was not pronounced,except a rapid decrease for Vcmax and Jmax at the end of growing season.Vcmax and Jmax show no significant changes during soil drying until light saturated stomatal conductance(gssat)was smaller than 0.15 mol m^–2 s^–1.Meanwhile,there was a significant difference in m during two different water supply conditions separated by gssat at 0.15 mol m^–2 s^–1.Furthermore,the misestimation of Vcmax and Jmax had great impacts on the net photosynthesis rate simulation,whereas,the underestimation of m resulted in underestimated stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and an overestimation of water use efficiency.Our work demonstrates that the impact of severe environmental conditions and specific growing stages on the variation of key model parameters should be taken into account for simulating gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere.Meanwhile,modification of m and Vcmax(and Jmax)successively based on water stress severity might be adopted to simulate gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere under drought.

A perspective on greenhouse gas emission studies integrating arbuscular mycorrhiza

Climate change is a global emergency.It is only possible to pace down global change through addressing the triggers of it,greenhouse gas emissions.Despite commendable progress,we think that there is plenty of room to further make the studies addressing global change realistic,through integrating into them biotic interactions.We make a case for this statement through a bibliometrics analysis on agricultural studies exploring greenhouse gas emissions that consider arbuscular mycorrhiza.We show that even though mycorrhizal studies account right now for a small fraction of the agricultural literature,they get cited more often.We further demonstrate that mycorrhizal studies are typically more descriptive in their nature,which we support through comparing the keywords they list.We subsequently use the opportunity to identify shortcomings and opportunities to further integrate mycorrhiza into agricultural studies assaying greenhouse gas emissions.We finally make a call to better integrate arbuscular mycorrhiza into global change studies.