The recently discovered endosulfan-degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenesfaecalis JBW4 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain is able to use endosulfan as a carbon and energy source. The optimal conditions fo...The recently discovered endosulfan-degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenesfaecalis JBW4 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain is able to use endosulfan as a carbon and energy source. The optimal conditions for the growth of strain JBW4 and for biodegradation by this strain were identified, and the metabolic products of endosulfan degradation were studied in detail. The maximum level of endosulfan biodegradation by strain JBW4 was obtained using broth at an initial pH of 7.0, an incubation temperature of 40℃ and an endosulfan concentration of I00 mg/L. The concentration of endosulfan was determined by gas chromatography. Strain JBW4 was able to degrade 87.5% of α-endosulfan and 83.9% of β-endosulfan within 5 days. These degradation rates are much higher than the previously reported bacterial strains. Endosulfan diol and endosulfan lactone were the major metabolites detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; endosulfan sulfate, which is a persistent and toxic metabolite, was not detected. These results suggested that A. faecalis JBW4 degrades endosulfan via a non-oxidative pathway. The biodegradation of endosulfan by A. faecalis is reported for the first time. Additionally, the present study indicates that strain JBW4 may have potential for the biodegradation of endosulfan residues.展开更多
采用富集培养法从喷施拟除虫菊酯类农药的菜园土壤中,分离得到一株能降解氰戊菊酯的细菌BFE-023。经生理生化和16S r DNA序列分析,将菌株BFE-023鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。应用Plackett-Burman实验设计确定了影响该...采用富集培养法从喷施拟除虫菊酯类农药的菜园土壤中,分离得到一株能降解氰戊菊酯的细菌BFE-023。经生理生化和16S r DNA序列分析,将菌株BFE-023鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。应用Plackett-Burman实验设计确定了影响该菌株降解氰戊菊酯的主要影响因素,利用响应面分析法优化了其降解条件。在优化条件下,研究菌株BFE-023对氰戊菊酯的降解过程及其中间产物3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-PBA)的生成规律。结果表明,培养时间和降解体系中氰戊菊酯浓度及氯化铁含量是影响其降解的主要因素,优化条件下60 h内对氰戊菊酯降解率可达到88.71%,与所建立的模型预测值(88.78%)相吻合。菌株BEF-023降解氰戊菊酯的过程中,降解中间产物3-PBA的生成量呈现先明显增加后逐渐减少的趋势,说明菌株BEF-023可能具备继续降解中间产物3-PBA的能力。展开更多
Seepage flow through soils,rocks and geotechnical structures has a great influence on their stabilities and performances,and seepage control is a critical technological issue in engineering practices.The physical mech...Seepage flow through soils,rocks and geotechnical structures has a great influence on their stabilities and performances,and seepage control is a critical technological issue in engineering practices.The physical mechanisms associated with various engineering measures for seepage control are investigated from a new perspective within the framework of continuum mechanics;and an equation-based classification of seepage control mechanisms is proposed according to their roles in the mathematical models for seepage flow,including control mechanisms by coupled processes,initial states,boundary conditions and hydraulic properties.The effects of each mechanism on seepage control are illustrated with examples in hydroelectric engineering and radioactive waste disposal,and hence the reasonability of classification is demonstrated.Advice on performance assessment and optimization design of the seepage control systems in geotechnical engineering is provided,and the suggested procedure would serve as a useful guidance for cost-effective control of seepage flow in various engineering practices.展开更多
通过形态学观察、生理生化实验及16S r DNA序列分析鉴定产壳聚糖酶菌株ncps116为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。通过单因素和正交实验对该菌株发酵产酶条件进行了优化。结果表明其最适产酶条件为:粉末壳聚糖15g/L,硫酸铵30g/L,初始p H...通过形态学观察、生理生化实验及16S r DNA序列分析鉴定产壳聚糖酶菌株ncps116为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。通过单因素和正交实验对该菌株发酵产酶条件进行了优化。结果表明其最适产酶条件为:粉末壳聚糖15g/L,硫酸铵30g/L,初始p H 6.0,温度32℃,发酵时间72h,500m L三角瓶装液量120m L,接种量4%,在此条件下该菌株产壳聚糖酶活力达43.89U/m L。经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析对菌株发酵液中的壳聚糖酶进行了纯化,并对其酶学性质进行了初步研究。结果表明,壳聚糖酶经SDS-PAGE分析,其分子量为4.37万。该酶酶促反应最适p H和最适反应温度分别为5.6和50℃,在低于40℃、p H 3.6~5.6范围内较为稳定,5mmol/L的Mn^(2+)对该酶酶活力有明显的增强作用,Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Ag^+对该酶酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用。壳聚糖酶酶促反应的米氏常数(K_m)为11.10mg/m L,最大反应速率(V_(max))为1.38μmol/(min·m L),对底物表现出较强的专一性。此外,该酶能够抑制黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌丝的生长。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21377075,41071164,21277083,40801203,41001152)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20113702110007)
文摘The recently discovered endosulfan-degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenesfaecalis JBW4 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain is able to use endosulfan as a carbon and energy source. The optimal conditions for the growth of strain JBW4 and for biodegradation by this strain were identified, and the metabolic products of endosulfan degradation were studied in detail. The maximum level of endosulfan biodegradation by strain JBW4 was obtained using broth at an initial pH of 7.0, an incubation temperature of 40℃ and an endosulfan concentration of I00 mg/L. The concentration of endosulfan was determined by gas chromatography. Strain JBW4 was able to degrade 87.5% of α-endosulfan and 83.9% of β-endosulfan within 5 days. These degradation rates are much higher than the previously reported bacterial strains. Endosulfan diol and endosulfan lactone were the major metabolites detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; endosulfan sulfate, which is a persistent and toxic metabolite, was not detected. These results suggested that A. faecalis JBW4 degrades endosulfan via a non-oxidative pathway. The biodegradation of endosulfan by A. faecalis is reported for the first time. Additionally, the present study indicates that strain JBW4 may have potential for the biodegradation of endosulfan residues.
文摘采用富集培养法从喷施拟除虫菊酯类农药的菜园土壤中,分离得到一株能降解氰戊菊酯的细菌BFE-023。经生理生化和16S r DNA序列分析,将菌株BFE-023鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。应用Plackett-Burman实验设计确定了影响该菌株降解氰戊菊酯的主要影响因素,利用响应面分析法优化了其降解条件。在优化条件下,研究菌株BFE-023对氰戊菊酯的降解过程及其中间产物3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-PBA)的生成规律。结果表明,培养时间和降解体系中氰戊菊酯浓度及氯化铁含量是影响其降解的主要因素,优化条件下60 h内对氰戊菊酯降解率可达到88.71%,与所建立的模型预测值(88.78%)相吻合。菌株BEF-023降解氰戊菊酯的过程中,降解中间产物3-PBA的生成量呈现先明显增加后逐渐减少的趋势,说明菌株BEF-023可能具备继续降解中间产物3-PBA的能力。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51079107,50839004)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-09-0610)
文摘Seepage flow through soils,rocks and geotechnical structures has a great influence on their stabilities and performances,and seepage control is a critical technological issue in engineering practices.The physical mechanisms associated with various engineering measures for seepage control are investigated from a new perspective within the framework of continuum mechanics;and an equation-based classification of seepage control mechanisms is proposed according to their roles in the mathematical models for seepage flow,including control mechanisms by coupled processes,initial states,boundary conditions and hydraulic properties.The effects of each mechanism on seepage control are illustrated with examples in hydroelectric engineering and radioactive waste disposal,and hence the reasonability of classification is demonstrated.Advice on performance assessment and optimization design of the seepage control systems in geotechnical engineering is provided,and the suggested procedure would serve as a useful guidance for cost-effective control of seepage flow in various engineering practices.
文摘通过形态学观察、生理生化实验及16S r DNA序列分析鉴定产壳聚糖酶菌株ncps116为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。通过单因素和正交实验对该菌株发酵产酶条件进行了优化。结果表明其最适产酶条件为:粉末壳聚糖15g/L,硫酸铵30g/L,初始p H 6.0,温度32℃,发酵时间72h,500m L三角瓶装液量120m L,接种量4%,在此条件下该菌株产壳聚糖酶活力达43.89U/m L。经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析对菌株发酵液中的壳聚糖酶进行了纯化,并对其酶学性质进行了初步研究。结果表明,壳聚糖酶经SDS-PAGE分析,其分子量为4.37万。该酶酶促反应最适p H和最适反应温度分别为5.6和50℃,在低于40℃、p H 3.6~5.6范围内较为稳定,5mmol/L的Mn^(2+)对该酶酶活力有明显的增强作用,Cu^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Ag^+对该酶酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用。壳聚糖酶酶促反应的米氏常数(K_m)为11.10mg/m L,最大反应速率(V_(max))为1.38μmol/(min·m L),对底物表现出较强的专一性。此外,该酶能够抑制黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌丝的生长。
