Body composition and metabolic syndrome in patients with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND In recent years,the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes(T1DM)patients has gradually increased.Insulin resistance in T1DM deserves attention.It is necessary to clarify the relationship between body composition,metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in T1DM to guide clinical treatment and intervention.AIM To assess body composition(BC)in T1DM patients and evaluate the relationship between BC,metabolic syndrome(MS),and insulin resistance in these indi-viduals.METHODS A total of 101 subjects with T1DM,aged 10 years or older,and with a disease duration of over 1 year were included.Bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Tsinghua-Tongfang BC Analyzer BCA-1B was employed to measure various BC parameters.Clinical and laboratory data were collected,and insulin resistance was calculated using the estimated glucose disposal rate(eGDR).RESULTS MS was diagnosed in 16/101 patients(15.84%),overweight in 16/101 patients(15.84%),obesity in 4/101(3.96%),hypertension in 34/101(33.66%%)and dyslip-idemia in 16/101 patients(15.84%).Visceral fat index(VFI)and trunk fat mass were significantly and negatively correlated with eGDR(both P<0.001).Female patients exhibited higher body fat percentage and visceral fat ratio compared to male patients.Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that significant factors for MS included eGDR[P=0.017,odds ratio(OR)=0.109],VFI(P=0.030,OR=3.529),and a family history of diabetes(P=0.004,OR=0.228).Significant factors for hypertension included eGDR(P<0.001,OR=0.488)and skeletal muscle mass(P=0.003,OR=1.111).Significant factors for dyslipidemia included trunk fat mass(P=0.033,OR=1.202)and eGDR(P=0.037,OR=0.708).CONCLUSION Visceral fat was found to be a superior predictor of MS compared to conventional measures such as body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in Chinese individuals with T1DM.BC analysis,specifically identifying visceral fat(trunk fat),may play an important role in identifying the increased risk of MS in non-obese patients with T1DM.

The Role of Body Composition Analyzer in the Preoperative Assessment of Breast Cancer Patients

Background: The segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) is a useful method for evaluating physical health and nutritional status in various clinical settings. But less is known about its role in the preoperative assessment of breast cancer patients. Herein, we try to monitor the changes in body composition of preoperative patients by SMF-BIA and figure out its association with clinical features. Methods: The changes in body composition were monitored by SMF-BIA in 563 female patients with breast cancer. Monitor body moisture and collect relevant data on the day before surgery as a prospective study. Retrospective analysis will be conducted based on preoperative data and pathological results after lymph node resection, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the correlation among parameters. Results: We found that the body water, extracellular water ratio, and bioelectrical impedance of the affected upper limbs of patients with different tumor stages or different numbers of lymph node metastases were significantly different from those of their healthy upper limbs (P P P P P Conclusion: SMF-BIA can help monitor the changes in body composition of breast cancer patients and provide detailed information for making a personalized treatment plan and individual nursing schedule. However, the value of SMF-BIA in preoperative assessment still needs to be validated in large prospective clinical trials.

Influence of age,menopause status,body mass index and physical activity on body composition and body fat distribution in midlife women

Objective:To investigate the influence of age,menopause status,body mass index(BMI) and physical activity on body composition and body fat distribution in Chinese midlife women. Methods:The healthy women who underwent anniversary health checkup in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited cross-sectionally.The level of physical activity was determined via International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short in Chinese Version.The body composition and fat distribution were measured by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Results:A total of 162 women with average age 52 years(40-62 years) were recruited.Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to test the relationship between age,menopause status,BMI and physical activity and parameters of body composition and body fat distribution.The total fat tissue percentage was positively associated with BMI(standardized partial regression coefficient;b = 0.70),menopause status(b = 0.19.grading variables 1,2,3 were assigned to represent for reproductive group,menopausal transition group and postmenopausal group,respectively),and negatively associated with physical activity energy expenditure (b=—0.17) with model determination coefficient 0.55.Total body fat-free-tissue mass was positively associated with BMI(b = 0.61),negatively associated with menopause status(b=—0.14) with model determination coefficient 0.39.The ratio of trunk fat-tissue mass/total body fat-tissue mass(Tr/T) was positively associated with BMI(b=0.32) and menopause status(b = 0.30) with model determination coefficient 0.20.After adjusted the effects of BMI,menopause status and physical activity,age was not significantly related with total fat tissue percentage,body fat-free-tissue mass,nor ratio of(Tr/T). Conclusion:Menopause impacts body composition and body fat distribution independently.During the process of female reproductive aging,body fat tissue mass and centrally distributed fat tissue mass increase,while body fatfree -tissue mass decreases.Age itself has no significant relation with body composition and body fat distribution.It is recommended that midlife women should engage in more physical activity and keep proper body weight to reduce the negative effect of menopause on body fat tissue.

Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage in Assessment of Obesity Prevalence in Saudi Adults

Objective To assess the obesity prevalence in body mass index （BMI） and body fat percentage Saudi adults according to the international standards of （BF%）. Methods Five hundred and thirty healthy Saudi adults aged 18-72 years （mean 36.91＋15.22 years） were enrolled in this study. Their body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impendence analysis with a commercially available body composition analyzer. Standard BMI and BF% values were used to define obesity. Results The prevalence of underweight, normal underweight, overweight and obesity in Saudi adults according to the BMI criteria （〈18.5 kg/mz, 18.5-24.4 kg/m2, 25-29.9 kg/m2, 30 k＆/m2 and above, respectively） was 2.5%, 30.2%, 33.6%, and 33.8%, respectively, whereas the obesity prevalence was 60% （n=31g） in Saudi adults according to the BF% criteria （25% for males and 30% for females）, which was significantly higher than that according to BMI criteria. However, it was 50.6% （n=268） when the BMI cutoff point was 27.5 kg/m2, proposed by WHO for the Asian population. Kappa analysis showed that the obesity prevalence defined by BMI and BF% was higher in females than in males （k=0.530 vs k=0.418, P〈O.O001）. The sensitivity and specificity of BMI （30 kg/m2 and 27.5 kg/m2） were 54.1% and 96.7% and 76.4% and 88.2%, respectively, for obesity. A lower BMI cutoff point （26.60 kg/m2） was proposed in this study, which gave the maximum sensitivity （84.3%） and specificity （85.4%）, with a moderate kappa agreement （k=0.686）. Moreover, the obesity prevalence at this cutoff point （56.4%） was significantly higher than that recommended by WHO. Conclusion The specificity of BMI for obesity is high and its sensitivity is low in both sexes. Its sensitivity can be increased by changing BMI cutoff to a lower value. The choice of BF% reference is of great influence for the assessment of obesity prevalence according to the BMI.

Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

In clinical practice obesity is primarily diagnosed through the body mass index. In order to characterize patients affected by obesity the use of traditional anthropometric measures appears misleading. Beyond the body mass index, there are overwhelming evidences towards the relevance of a more detailed description of the individual phenotype by characterizing the main body componentsas free-fat mass, muscle mass, and fat mass. Among the numerous techniques actually available, bioelectrical impedance analysis seems to be the most suitable in a clinical setting because it is simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and highly reproducible. To date, there is no consensus concerning the use of one preferred equation for the resting energy expenditure in overweight and/or obese population. Energy restriction alone is an effective strategy to achieve an early and significant weight loss, however it results in a reduction of both fat and lean mass therefore promoting or aggravating an unfavourable body composition(as sarcobesity) in terms of mortality and comorbidities. Therefore the implementation of daily levels of physical activity should be simultaneously promoted. The major role of muscle mass in the energy balance has been recently established by the rising prevalence of the combination of two condition as sarcopenia and obesity. Physical exercise stimulates energy expenditure, thereby directly improving energy balance, and also promotes adaptations such as fiber type, mitochondrial biogenesis, improvement of insulin resistance, and release of myokines, which may influence different tissues, including muscle.

Association of Breastfeeding Duration with Body Composition in Children Aged 3–5 Years

Objective This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3–5 years and breastfeeding status and duration.Methods The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0–17 years of age in China(CNHSC),a nationwide cross-sectional study.Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews.The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis.A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders.Results In total,2,008 participants were included in the study.Of these,89.2%were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months(IQR 7–15 months).Among children aged 3 years,the height-for-age Z-score(HAZ)for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group(0.12 vs.0.42,P=0.043).In addition,the weight-for-age Z-score(WAZ)of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group(0.31 vs.0.65,P=0.026),and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed.Compared to the formula-fed children,the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years(12.84 kg vs.12.52 kg,P=0.015)and lower for those aged 4 years(14.31 kg vs.14.64 kg,P=0.048),but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years(16.40 kg vs.16.42 kg,P=0.910)after adjusting for potential confounders.No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score(WHZ),body mass index(BMI)-for-age Z-score(BAZ),fat-free mass index,and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3–5 years.Conclusion No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration,BMI,and fat mass indicators.Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.

Phase angle obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis independently predicts mortality in patients with cirrhosis

AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the phase angle(PA)obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) for mortality prediction in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS In total, 134 male cirrhotic patients prospectively completed clinical evaluations and nutritional assessment by BIA to obtain PAs during a 36-mo follow-up period. Mortality risk was analyzed by applying the PA cutoff point recently proposed as a malnutrition marker(PA ≤ 4.9°) in Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups according to the PA cutoff value(PA > 4.9°, n = 73; PA ≤ 4.9°, n = 61). Weight, height, and body mass index were similar in both groups, but patients with PAs > 4.9° were younger and had higher mid-arm muscle circumference, albumin, and handgrip-strength values and lower severe ascites and encephalopathy incidences, interleukin(IL)-6/IL-10 ratios and C-reactive protein levels than did patients with PAs ≤ 4.9°(P ≤ 0.05). Forty-eight(35.80%) patients died due to cirrhosis, with a median of 18 mo(interquartile range, 3.3-25.6 mo) follow-up until death. Thirty-one(64.60%) of these patients were from the PA ≤ 4.9° group. PA ≤ 4.9° significantly and independently affected the mortality model adjusted for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score and age(hazard ratio = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.11-3.77, P = 0.021). In addition, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients with PAs ≤ 4.9° were significantly more likely to die. CONCLUSION In male patients with cirrhosis, the PA ≤ 4.9° cutoff was associated independently with mortality and identified patients with worse metabolic, nutritional, and disease progression profiles. The PA may be a useful and reliable bedside tool to evaluate prognosis in cirrhosis.

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis evaluates cellularity and hydration in cirrhotic patients

BACKGROUND Malnutrition in cirrhotic patients is correlated with mortality and a better response to liver transplantation.However,recovery of the nutritional status in these patients is a challenge due to the difficulty in establishing a reliable nutritional diagnosis.The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis(BIVA)method appears as a feasible tool in clinical practice to define the physiological state of cirrhotic patients by assessing hydration and body cellularity.AIM To evaluate body composition in cirrhotic patients using BIVA.METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by following cirrhotic outpatients at a hospital in Porto Alegre,Brazil.A tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis device was used to evaluate cellularity and hydration and to perform the BIVA.The BIVA graphic was elaborated by software and for statistical analysis a significance level of 5%(P≤0.05)was considered.RESULTS One hundred and ninety patients,61.1%males,with a mean age of 56.6±11.0 years,were evaluated.Of these,56.3%had Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)A score,and the prevalent etiology was hepatitis C virus(47.4%).The patients were classified according to cellularity and hydration by the quadrants and ellipses of the BIVA method,quadrant 1(47.9%);quadrant 2(18.9%);quadrant 3(14.2%);and quadrant 4(18.9%).Those classified in quadrant 1 and 2 had a higher phase angle compared to those in quadrants 3 and 4(P<0.001).Quadrant 2 patients had a lower average age than the other groups.The association with CTP score showed that patients in quadrant 2 had a higher proportion of CTP A,and those in quadrant 4 had a higher proportion of CTP C(P<0.052).CONCLUSION The BIVA method allows identification of the cellularity and hydration status of cirrhotic patients,and its association with clinical factors determines the disease severity,age and prognostic index.

最大脂肪氧化强度运动改善超重或肥胖人群身体成分、心肺耐力和脂质代谢的Meta分析

背景 研究证实,超重或肥胖人群体质(体成分、心肺耐力、脂质代谢)与肥胖密切相关,并可能存在双向关联。最大脂肪氧化强度(FATmax)运动作为一种新型运动干预手段,可有效促进体质改善,但改善效果的量化关系需要进一步探讨。目的 系统评价FATmax运动对超重或肥胖人群体质相关指标的干预效果。方法 检索Pubm Med、Web of Science、EBSCO、中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台,检索FATmax运动对超重或肥胖患者身体成分、心肺耐力、脂质代谢相关指标干预效果的随机对照试验,检索时间为2001年1月—2024年1月。基于Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具评估纳入文献的质量,Meta分析由Rev Man 5.4软件完成。结果 共纳入16项随机对照试验,包含568例超重或肥胖患者。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,FATmax运动干预组身体成分[BMI:WMD=-1.82,P<0.01;体脂百分比(BFR):WMD=-2.86,P<0.01;腰臀比(WHR):WMD=-0.04,P<0.01]、心肺耐力[最大摄氧量(VO2_(max)):WMD=3.34,P<0.01],除总胆固醇(TC)外脂质代谢状况[三酰甘油(TG):WMD=-0.24,P<0.05;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C):WMD=0.14,P<0.05;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C):WMD=-0.27,P<0.05]显著改善。经亚组分析得出最佳干预方案为:干预周期≥12周,3~5次/周的训练,60 min/次的跑步,以优化身体成分;而提升VO2_(max)的最佳方案为5次/周、<60 min/次的组合运动。在脂质代谢方面,对TG的改善最佳方案为3次/周、60 min/次的跑步;对HDL-C的最佳改善方案为4次/周、60 min/次的组合运动;对LDL-C则是4次/周、>60 min/次的组合运动。结论 FATmax运动可显著改善超重或肥胖患者BMI、BFR、WHR、VO2_(max)、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C结局指标,但对TC并无改善作用。

Overweight and abdominal fat are associated with normal bone mineral density in patients with ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND Low bone mineral density(BMD)is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.However,nutritional risk factors for low BMD in the ulcerative colitis(UC)population are still poorly understood.AIM To investigate the association of anthropometric indicators and body composition with BMD in patients with UC.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on adult UC patients of both genders who were followed on an outpatient basis.A control group consisting of healthy volunteers,family members,and close people was also included.The nutritional indicators evaluated were body mass index(BMI),total body mass(TBM),waist circumference(WC),body fat in kg(BFkg),body fat in percentage(BF%),trunk BF(TBF),and also lean mass.Body composition and BMD assessments were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS The sociodemographic characteristics of patients with UC(n=68)were similar to those of healthy volunteers(n=66)(P>0.05).Most patients(97.0%)were in remission of the disease,58.8%were eutrophic,33.8%were overweight,39.0%had high WC,and 67.6%had excess BF%.However,mean BMI,WC,BFkg,and TBF of UC patients were lower when compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).Reduced BMD was present in 41.2%of patients with UC(38.2%with osteopenia and 2.9%with osteoporosis)and 3.0%in the control group(P<0.001).UC patients with low BMD had lower BMI,TBM,and BFkg values than those with normal BMD(P<0.05).Male patients were more likely to have low BMD(prevalence ratio[PR]=1.86;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.07-3.26).Those with excess weight(PR=0.43;95%CI:0.19-0.97)and high WC(PR=0.44;95%CI:0.21-0.94)were less likely to have low BMD.CONCLUSION Patients with UC in remission have a high prevalence of metabolic bone diseases.Body fat appears to protect against the development of low BMD in these patients.

甘肃临夏保安族成人的体成分

本文对658例(男291例,女367例)保安族成人的31项体成分指标进行了分析,探讨体成分的性别差异和年龄变化特点。研究发现:保安族成人体脂率正常、肌肉相对发达、骨量较高,但已处于超重水平,尤其男性属于内脏脂肪型肥胖;除内脏脂肪含量外,体成分指标均有性别差异;保安族成人31项体成分指标在6个年龄组间的差异均有统计学意义,其中,内脏脂肪等级、内脏脂肪面积、内脏脂肪含量、腰臀比、左下肢脂肪率、细胞外液和浮肿指数与年龄呈正相关,总肌肉量、四肢肌肉量、推定骨量、身体水分、细胞内液、蛋白质、基础代谢量与年龄呈负相关。相比较而言,保安族男性身体水分较多,躯干脂肪和肌肉量发育较好,高于藏族、汉族、回族和东乡族男性,与裕固族男性接近;保安族女性躯干和左上肢脂肪率较低,右上肢肌肉量较少,与东乡族、藏族、回族、汉族女性较为接近,均低于裕固族女性。综上所述,保安族男性和女性体成分特点为体脂率正常、肌肉发达、骨质状况好。男性还有身体水分较多、内脏脂肪含量较高的特点。

婴儿体脂指数的影响因素分析

目的探究不同性别婴儿体脂指数(FMI)的影响因素。方法于2021年10月至2022年12月,在山东省开展婴儿体成分的横断面研究,对研究对象进行电子问卷调查和体成分测量获取研究数据,最终纳入9291份有效数据,应用多因素线性回归分析不同性别婴儿FMI的影响因素。结果不同性别婴儿月龄与FMI具有显著正相关。与适于胎龄儿相比,大于胎龄儿的FMI增加(β值分别为0.086、0.078,P<0.001),小于胎龄儿的FMI降低(β值分别为-0.088、-0.072,P<0.001)。与6月龄以后添加辅食相比,4~6月龄添加辅食男女婴儿FMI均增加,差异均具有统计学意义(β值分别为0.099、0.053,P<0.001)。与父母亲体重正常相比、父母亲肥胖与婴儿FMI的增加显著相关(β值分别为0.058、0.070和0.054、0.058,P<0.001),母亲体重过低与婴儿FMI降低显著相关(β值分别为-0.039、-0.046,P=0.005、0.002)。妊娠期糖尿病与婴儿FMI降低显著相关(β值分别为-0.039、-0.046,P=0.005、0.002),妊娠期高血压与男婴FMI升高显著相关(β=0.028,P=0.038)。纯配方奶喂养对女婴FMI存在显著正向影响(β=0.029,P=0.046)。孕期增重不足对女婴FMI存在显著负向影响(β=-0.033,P=0.032)。结论影响婴儿身体成分的因素有胎龄别体重、喂养方式、辅食添加时间、母亲孕期增重及孕期疾病等,应在生命早期采取干预措施进行控制,预防子代代谢性疾病的发生。

12周FATmax强度运动对肥胖大学生体成分及肌氧饱和度的影响研究

目的:研究12周脂肪氧化强度最佳(FATmax强度)运动对肥胖大学生体成分、肌氧饱和度影响,并对肌氧饱和度与有氧能力指标的相关性进行分析,为肥胖大学生科学减肥及有氧能力的科学评价提供参考.方法:各取30名肥胖大学生为运动组和对照组,运动组进行12周FATmax运动干预,对照组不进行运动干预.分别在试验前、后对两组受试者体重、体脂率、体质指数(BMI)、肌氧饱和度(SmO_(2))、最大摄氧量(VO)、肺活量(VC)、800/1000m用时、12min跑距离进行测试.结果:(1)试验前后,体重、体脂率、BMI呈现出组间和时间交互作用(P<0.05),试验后运动组各指标显著低于验前和对照组(P<0.05);(2)SmO_(2)、VO_(2)max相对值、VC、12分钟跑距离、800/1000m用时具有组别和时间的交互作用(P<0.05),运动组SmO_(2)、VO_(2)max相对值、VC、12分钟跑距离显著高于试验前及对照组(P<0.05),800/1000m用时显著低于试验前及对照组;(3)SmO_(2)与800/1000m呈负相关(P>0.05),与12min跑距离呈正相关(P<0.05).结论:12周FATmax强度运动能显著改善肥胖大学生体成分,提高SmO_(2)及有氧耐力运动表现,SmO_(2)在一定程度上可用于肥胖大学生有氧能力的评价.

体细胞质量指数对维持性血液透析患者肌少症的诊断价值

目的探讨体细胞质量指数(BCMI)在维持性血液透析(MHD)患者合并肌少症中的诊断价值。方法选取92例MHD患者为研究对象。根据MHD患者是否合并肌少症分为肌少症组(n=25)与非肌少症组(n=67)。比较2组患者的基线资料。分析MHD患者发生肌少症的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估BCMI对肌少症的诊断价值。结果肌少症组的骨骼肌质量指数(SMI)、BCMI、体质量指数(BMI)、上臂肌肉围度(AMC)、腰围(WC)、体细胞质量(BCM)、相位角(PhA)、细胞外水分(ECW)、细胞总水分(TBW)、总白蛋白、前白蛋白、白蛋白、肌酐和血清磷低于非肌少症组,年龄大于非肌少症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,BCMI、白蛋白、年龄、BMI、SMI、ECW、TBW、PhA、AMC、WC、肌酐、血清磷均是肌少症的影响因素(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BCMI是肌少症的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。BCMI诊断肌少症的ROC曲线的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.818。结论BCMI可作为诊断MHD患者合并肌少症的敏感指标,其可用于识别MHD合并肌少症的高危人群。

身体成分与儿童血压关系的系统评价/Meta分析

背景身体成分是体内各种成分的含量,其与儿童血压的关联存在争议。目的探讨身体成分与儿童血压的关联性。设计系统综述/Meta分析。方法计算机检索中国生物医学数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国知网期刊数据库、万方数据在线知识服务平台4个中文数据库和PubMed、Web of Science和EBSCO 4个外文数据库,检索起止时间均为各数据库建库至2023年8月8日。纳入身体成分与儿童血压关系的队列研究。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,对结果进行定量和定性归纳总结。主要结局指标身体成分与儿童高血压的相关性。结果共纳入9项身体成分与儿童舒张压和收缩压的纵向队列研究,其中7个队列报告了脂肪质量相关指标与儿童舒张压和收缩压的相关性,儿童期脂肪质量百分比与儿童舒张压和收缩压呈正相关,其他脂肪质量指标研究结论仍不一致。2个队列报告了非脂肪质量指标与儿童血压的相关性,研究结论不统一。3个队列报告了脂肪质量与儿童期血压偏高和高血压的发生呈正相关,但新生儿脂肪质量与6岁时高血压的风险可能为负相关。结论儿童期脂肪质量百分比与儿童舒张压和收缩压呈正相关,身体成分对儿童血压有一定影响。

2818例未产女性孕前体成分特点的现况分析

目的了解未产女性孕前体成分的分布特征,为孕前女性优生保健提供指导。方法选取2020年1月至2023年8月于我院就诊的2818例孕前未产女性作为研究对象,采用生物电阻抗的方法进行体成分检测。结果2818例孕前未产女性平均年龄(28.55±3.27)岁,平均体质量指数(BMI)(22.46±3.59)kg/m^(2)。高达70.09%(1975例)的孕前女性体脂百分比高于正常值,体脂百分比正常者仅占28.57%(805例)。根据体成分特征进行分型,高体脂正常肌肉型占比最高为39.78%(1121/2818),其次为高体脂低肌肉型24.80%(700/2818),而正常体脂正常肌肉型仅占14.02%(395/2818)。按年龄分组分析,肥胖相关指标(BMI、内脏脂肪面积、腰围、臂围)在不同年龄组间有显著差异(P<0.05),表现为25~<30岁组年龄段最低,之后随年龄增加而增加。低肌肉型(骨骼肌占比<90%)的孕前女性占比在各年龄段中均超过50%。BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)(39.57%,55/139)和腰围≥80 cm(51.80%,72/139)的孕前女性在≥35岁年龄段比例最高(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,BMI与体脂百分比、内脏脂肪面积、腰围、臂围之间呈显著正相关(r>0.80,P<0.001)。结论孕前未产女性主要表现为高体脂百分比体型,尤其年龄≥35岁的女性,以腹型肥胖为主。积极开展孕前女性体成分分析有助于更精准地识别潜在肥胖人群、降低超重/肥胖对育龄期女性健康以及母婴健康的远期影响,便于为孕前优生保健提供指导。

基于生物电阻抗方法分析血液透析患者内脏脂肪面积与腹主动脉钙化的相关性研究

目的探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者内脏脂肪面积(visceral fat area,VFA)与腹主动脉钙化的相关性。方法采用横断面调查法,选取2019年4月至2020年5月于首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院规律血液透析且保留完整数据的患者,进行人体成分分析,排除营养不良的患者,按照腹主动脉钙化评分(Abdominal Aortic Calcification Score,AACs)将患者按照钙化程度分成4组,比较临床特点及VFA水平;采用多因素Logistic回归法分析患者腹主动脉钙化的影响因素,并通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析VFA水平对腹主动脉钙化的预测价值。结果本研究共纳入152例MHD患者,分为无钙化组(n=32)、轻度钙化组(n=45)、中度钙化组(n=54)以及重度钙化组(n=21);4组患者的血磷、全段甲状旁腺素(intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)、VFA以及是否合并糖尿病指标比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素相关分析显示非营养不良的MHD患者AACs评分与是否合并糖尿病、血磷、iPTH、VFA水平等均呈显著正相关(r=0.188、0.238、0.223、0.392,P<0.05),与HDL-C水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.228,P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,VFA以及血磷是MHD患者发生腹主动脉钙化的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,非营养不良的MHD患者体内VFA预测腹主动脉钙化的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.725(P<0.05),具有较高的预测价值。结论对于非营养不良的MHD患者,VFA升高与腹主动脉钙化的严重程度相关,是腹主动脉钙化的独立危险因素,可能成为预测患者发生腹主动脉钙化的生物学指标。

抗阻运动改善超重肥胖人群身体成分:一项伞形综述

背景:抗阻运动可以增加肌肉质量、提升肌肉力量,但对体成分的相关影响缺乏确凿证据,随机对照试验与多篇Meta分析结果的争议给临床的运动干预决策带来了困扰。目的:基于伞形综述(umbrella review)的方法学范式,探究抗阻运动改善超重、肥胖人群体成分的干预效果及安全性。方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库,中文检索词包括“抗阻、阻力、自重、meta、元分析、meta分析、体成分、体脂率、脂肪质量、瘦体重、体质量”,英文检索词包括“Resistance training、Strength Training、Weight-Lifting Strengthening Program、Body Compositions、Body Fat Distribution、Meta Analysis、Data Pooling、Overviews、Clinical Trial、Clinical Trial Overviews”等。收集抗阻运动干预超重、肥胖人群的系统评价,检索时限均从各数据库建库至2022-08-31。采用PRISMA评价纳入研究的方法学质量,采用GRADE评价系统对证据质量进行分级。结果与结论:①最终纳入14篇Meta分析,GRADE证据质量评价显示,2个结局指标证据质量为中级,12个为低级,14个为极低级。②与对照组相比,32个结局指标中有23个得到显著性改善。抗阻运动对体脂率的干预效果已形成共识,对瘦体质量、体质量指数、内脏脂肪的干预效果仍需进一步证实。③抗阻运动是改善超重、肥胖人群体成分的一种有效安全的方法,纳入系统评价的整体研究质量和结局指标证据质量普遍较低,未来应在明确样本特征、细化方案设计的基础上,充分结合被试的初始状态、运动目标和意愿,通过水阻、气阻及弹性阻力的多元、科学、个性化的运动处方设计提升抗阻运动的安全性和依从性,为抗阻运动干预提供明确的循证支持与决策依据。

肥胖儿童青少年维生素D营养状况与身体成分的相关性研究

目的:探讨肥胖儿童青少年血清25-羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平与身体成分之间的相关性。方法:选取6~18岁单纯性肥胖儿童289例为研究对象,测定血清总25-(OH)D水平,采用生物电阻抗法(BIA)测定身体成分,分析血清25-(OH)D水平与BMI以及体成分指标的相关性。结果:血清维生素D缺乏和不足率分别为25.6%和43.3%。不同维生素D营养状况分组的BMI及体成分指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,经校正后,体脂率、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)、脂肪质量指数(FMI)、躯干脂肪质量指数(TFMI)均与血清25-(OH)D水平呈线性负相关关系。BMI以及体脂率、VFA、FMI、四肢脂肪质量指数(AFMI)、TFMI均与维生素D缺乏患病风险增高有关(P<0.05)。结论:肥胖儿童身体成分对血清25-(OH)D含量有影响,其中体脂肪量及脂肪分布与维生素D含量有关。

生物电阻抗法测定“阿尔佤”、“克木人”、“曼咪人”3个布朗族族群的体成分

为探究“阿尔佤”、“克木人”、“曼咪人”3个布朗族族群的体成分特征,利用生物电阻抗法调查了云南3个布朗族族群共计692例(男性305例,女性387例)成人的体质量以及17项体成分指标,对各项指标进行统计分析.结果表明:①克木人的体脂率和总肌肉量在3个族群中最高,劳动强度和饮食习惯是造成克木人脂肪较丰富、肌肉较发达的原因.②3个族群男性的总肌肉量、推定骨量、总能量代谢和躯干肌肉量与年龄呈负相关,内脏脂肪等级与年龄呈正相关;3个族群女性的总肌肉量、总能量代谢和躯干肌肉量与年龄呈负相关.③根据体脂率判断肥胖,3个族群女性的肥胖率均高于男性,3个族群男性的内脏脂肪等级均高于女性.④3个布朗族族群的体成分较接近,与布朗山布朗族差异较大.