Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities.The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude,low temperature,and limited oxygen,which complicates the repair of damaged land.Biological soil crusts(BSCs)are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits.Inoculated biological soil crust(IBSC)has shown success in low-altitude desert regions,but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment.Therefore,it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau.This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation,growth,and progression of BSCs.It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field,focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance.We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies.This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Biological Permeability Enhancement Technology for Coal Reservoir

Objective Despite the adoption of various permeability enhancement technologies,the low permeability of coal reservoir has not been fundamentally improved for the development of coalbed methane（CBM）on the ground or the control of gas underground.

Bioinformatics screening of breast cancer-related genes and potential drug research

Objective:To search the the differentially expressed genes between breast cell carcinoma tissues and normal tissues by using bioinformatics technology,and the potential therapeutic drugs for breast cancer were identified,which can provide reference for clinical immune targeted therapy and drug therapy of breast cancer in the future.Methods:"Breast cancer"was searched by using Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO),and GSE79586 chip data was downloaded.The differentially expressed genes in the control group and the breast cancer model group were screened by using bio-communication technology and subjected to GO function analysis,KEGG pathway analysis,differential gene characteristic expression analysis and protein-protein interaction network(PPI)analysis,and the analysis results were further visualized.Prognosis analysis,related function prediction and immune infiltration analysis were performed using the GEPIA,GeneMANIA,and Timer2.0 databases,respectively.Finally,the compounds with potential therapeutic effects on breast cancer are identified through Connectivity Map(CMap).Western blotting and real-time PCR(RT-PCR)were used to verify the core genes and potential therapeutic agents with the highest correlation in vitro.Results:A total of 3916 differentially expressed genes including 1786 up-regulated genes and 2130 down-regulated genes were screened.GO analysis showed that the differential genes were mainly involved in the positive regulation of phosphorylation,secretory vesicles,racemase and epimerase activities.KEGG analysis showed that differential genes were involved in systemic lupus erythematosus,alcoholism,sticky spots,amoebic dysentery Ras signal pathways and other disease pathways.The characteristic expression analysis of differential genes showed that MEK inhibitors,HSP90 inhibitors and signal transduction pathway kinase inhibitors were drugs similar to the differential genes.PPI results showed that H2AFJ,TFF1,GATA3,FOXA1,and CDH1 were core genes related to breast cancer.Two core genes of H2AFJ and TFF1 with the highest correlation were further selected for GEPIA analysis.The results of the analysis showed that the mRNA expression levels of H2AFJ and TFF1 in breast cancer cells were significantly higher than those in normal tissues,and there was a significant correlation with the pathological staging,overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate of breast cancer patients.H2AFJ and TFF1 may be potential prognostic biomarkers for survival of breast cancer patients.The functions of differentially expressed H2AFJ and TFF1 are mainly related to hormone receptor binding,epithelial structure maintenance and epigenetic negative regulation of genes,chromatin tissue involved in negative regulation of transcription,etc.The results of immune infiltration showed that the expressions of H2AFJ and TFF1 had a significant correlation with the infiltration of macrophages,neutrophils,monocytes,CD4+T,CD8+T,B lymphocytes and other immune cells.CMap results showed that compounds such as Gefitinib,Alpelisib,Sorafenib,and Sunitinib had potential therapeutic effects on breast cancer.Western blot and RT-PCR results showed that H2AFJ and TFF1 were significantly overexpressed in breast cancer cells.Gefitinib significantly inhibited the expression of H2AFJ and TFF1 in breast cancer cells(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:In this study,differentially expressed genes between breast cell carcinoma tissues and normal tissues were screened out by bioinformatics means to further identify key genes and compounds with potential therapeutic effects in the onset process of breast cancer and to further verify the effectiveness of the screened drugs on breast cancer through experiments.It will provide reference for clinical research and development of new drugs against breast cancer in the future in order to develop more effective treatment options.