Liver failure(LF)is prevalent in China and is characterized by complex path-ogenesis,challenging clinical management,poor prognosis,and rising incidence and mortality rates.The immune status is an important factor aff...Liver failure(LF)is prevalent in China and is characterized by complex path-ogenesis,challenging clinical management,poor prognosis,and rising incidence and mortality rates.The immune status is an important factor affecting LF prognosis.Interleukins(Ils)are a type of cytokine that act and interact with multiple cells,including immune cells.These signaling molecules play important roles in intercellular information transmission,including the regulation of immune cells;mediation of the activation,proliferation,and differentiation of T and B cells;and orchestration of the inflammatory response.To date,many studies have explored the correlation between IL expression and liver disease prognosis,but few studies have evaluated Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF.This article reviews the potential use of Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF.Particularly,it evaluates the predictive values of IL-21,IL-22,and IL-31,the three often overlooked yet promising prognostic biomarkers,in predicting suscept-ibility to LF.Harnessing biomarkers for early prognostic insights can facilitate tailored treatment strategies and enhance patient survival.Thus,this article focuses on the identification of IL-21,IL-22,and IL-33 as biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies on LF and reviews their role as biomarkers in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of LF.展开更多
Circular RNAs(circ RNAs),a class of endogenous RNA molecules,are produced by alternative splicing of precursor RNA and are covalently linked at the 5′and 3′ends.Recent studies have revealed that dysregulated circ RN...Circular RNAs(circ RNAs),a class of endogenous RNA molecules,are produced by alternative splicing of precursor RNA and are covalently linked at the 5′and 3′ends.Recent studies have revealed that dysregulated circ RNAs are closely related to the occurrence and progression of gastrointestinal malignancies.Accumulating evidence indicates that circ RNAs,including circ PVT1,circ LARP4,circ-SFMBT2,cir-ITCH,circ RNA_100782,circ_100395,circ-DONSON,hsa_circ_0001368,circ NRIP1,circ FAT1(e2),circ CCDC66,circ SMARCA5,circ-ZNF652,and circ_0030235 play important roles in the proliferation,differentiation,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms,such as acting as micro RNA sponges,interacting with RNA-binding proteins,regulating gene transcription and alternative splicing,and being translated into proteins.With the characteristics of high abundance,high stability,extensive functions,and certain tissue-,time-and diseasespecific expressions,circ RNAs are expected to provide novel perspectives for the diagnoses and treatments of gastrointestinal malignancies.展开更多
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect and obtain the level of use of fermented shrimp waste in the feed that produces the best biological value in native chickens.The study used 125 one-day-old chickens...The purpose of the study was to determine the effect and obtain the level of use of fermented shrimp waste in the feed that produces the best biological value in native chickens.The study used 125 one-day-old chickens(DOC)placed in 25 cages randomly,containing five chickens reared for eight weeks.The study used experimental methods,and the experimental design used was a completely randomized design with five types of treatment,namely,feed without the use of fermented shrimp waste(R0),feed containing 5%fermented shrimp waste(R1),feed containing 10%fermented shrimp waste(R2),feed containing 15%fermented shrimp waste(R3),and feed containing 20%fermented shrimp waste(R4),each treatment was repeated five times.The observed variables were absorbed nitrogen,nitrogen stored in the body,and biological value.Data were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Distance Test.The results showed that the use of fermented shrimp waste at a level of 20%in feed resulted in the best biological value in native chickens.展开更多
As a result of agriculture practices, million tons of agriculture are produced as a secondary or by-products; however, with low nutritive values. Many methods are applied to improve the nutritive value and increase it...As a result of agriculture practices, million tons of agriculture are produced as a secondary or by-products; however, with low nutritive values. Many methods are applied to improve the nutritive value and increase its utilization in ruminant＇s nutrition. The biological treatments are the most common with more safe-treated products. In most cases, the biological treatments are paralleled with decreased crude fiber and fiber fractions content with increased crude protein content. Direct-fed microbial and exogenous enzymes to animal are other ways of biological methods for improving nutritive value of feeds. Here in this review, we will try to cover the biological treatments of by-products from different sides view with different types of animals and different animal end-products.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260907,No.82260899,and No.82274434.
文摘Liver failure(LF)is prevalent in China and is characterized by complex path-ogenesis,challenging clinical management,poor prognosis,and rising incidence and mortality rates.The immune status is an important factor affecting LF prognosis.Interleukins(Ils)are a type of cytokine that act and interact with multiple cells,including immune cells.These signaling molecules play important roles in intercellular information transmission,including the regulation of immune cells;mediation of the activation,proliferation,and differentiation of T and B cells;and orchestration of the inflammatory response.To date,many studies have explored the correlation between IL expression and liver disease prognosis,but few studies have evaluated Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF.This article reviews the potential use of Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF.Particularly,it evaluates the predictive values of IL-21,IL-22,and IL-31,the three often overlooked yet promising prognostic biomarkers,in predicting suscept-ibility to LF.Harnessing biomarkers for early prognostic insights can facilitate tailored treatment strategies and enhance patient survival.Thus,this article focuses on the identification of IL-21,IL-22,and IL-33 as biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies on LF and reviews their role as biomarkers in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of LF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81702367 and 81772279)the Medical and Health Research Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2018KY159)+1 种基金the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Youth Talent Cultivation Program(Grant No.FYQMKY202001)the Scientific Innovation Team Project of Ningbo(Grant No.2017C110019)。
文摘Circular RNAs(circ RNAs),a class of endogenous RNA molecules,are produced by alternative splicing of precursor RNA and are covalently linked at the 5′and 3′ends.Recent studies have revealed that dysregulated circ RNAs are closely related to the occurrence and progression of gastrointestinal malignancies.Accumulating evidence indicates that circ RNAs,including circ PVT1,circ LARP4,circ-SFMBT2,cir-ITCH,circ RNA_100782,circ_100395,circ-DONSON,hsa_circ_0001368,circ NRIP1,circ FAT1(e2),circ CCDC66,circ SMARCA5,circ-ZNF652,and circ_0030235 play important roles in the proliferation,differentiation,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms,such as acting as micro RNA sponges,interacting with RNA-binding proteins,regulating gene transcription and alternative splicing,and being translated into proteins.With the characteristics of high abundance,high stability,extensive functions,and certain tissue-,time-and diseasespecific expressions,circ RNAs are expected to provide novel perspectives for the diagnoses and treatments of gastrointestinal malignancies.
文摘The purpose of the study was to determine the effect and obtain the level of use of fermented shrimp waste in the feed that produces the best biological value in native chickens.The study used 125 one-day-old chickens(DOC)placed in 25 cages randomly,containing five chickens reared for eight weeks.The study used experimental methods,and the experimental design used was a completely randomized design with five types of treatment,namely,feed without the use of fermented shrimp waste(R0),feed containing 5%fermented shrimp waste(R1),feed containing 10%fermented shrimp waste(R2),feed containing 15%fermented shrimp waste(R3),and feed containing 20%fermented shrimp waste(R4),each treatment was repeated five times.The observed variables were absorbed nitrogen,nitrogen stored in the body,and biological value.Data were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Distance Test.The results showed that the use of fermented shrimp waste at a level of 20%in feed resulted in the best biological value in native chickens.
文摘As a result of agriculture practices, million tons of agriculture are produced as a secondary or by-products; however, with low nutritive values. Many methods are applied to improve the nutritive value and increase its utilization in ruminant＇s nutrition. The biological treatments are the most common with more safe-treated products. In most cases, the biological treatments are paralleled with decreased crude fiber and fiber fractions content with increased crude protein content. Direct-fed microbial and exogenous enzymes to animal are other ways of biological methods for improving nutritive value of feeds. Here in this review, we will try to cover the biological treatments of by-products from different sides view with different types of animals and different animal end-products.
