Biological factors controlling starch digestibility in human digestive system

Starch digestion rate and location in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)are critical for human health.This review aims to present a comprehensive summary on our current understanding of physiological,biochemical,anatomical and geometrical factors of human digestive system that are related to in vivo starch digestibility.It is shown that all digestive compartments including mouth,stomach,small intestine,and large intestine play critical roles in regulating the overall starch digestion process.A proper investigation of starch digestion pattern should thus be based on the consideration of all these compartments.Main biological factors are summarized as oral mastication and salivation,gastric emptying and motility,small intestinal enzymes and motility,large intestinal resistant starch(RS)-microbiota interactions and gut-brain feedback control,as well as glucose adsorption and hormonal feedback control.However,connections among these biological factors in determining starch digestive behaviors remain elusive.This is due to the inherent complexity of human GIT anatomy,motility and biochemical conditions,as well as ethical,financial and technical issues in conducting clinical studies.Much technological and scientific efforts from both clinical studies and in vitro simulation models are required for a better understanding of in vivo starch digestion behaviors.

Limiting Factors and Countermeasures for the Development of Biological Herbicides

This paper mainly analyzes the main limiting factors in the development of biological herbicides,such as narrow herbicidal spectrum,vulnerable to environmental impacts,difficulties in preparing dosage forms,difficult separation and low yield of active substances,biological safety,etc.Moreover,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,including strengthening the study of biological screening of herbicidal activity,microbial metabolites and their use as lead compounds,dosage forms,fungi complex formulation,fungi and herbicide complex formulation,and fermentation technology.

Analysis of the influencing factors and clinical related characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND In China,the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)among diabetic patients is estimated to be between 90%-95%.Additionally,China is among the 22 countries burdened by a high number of tuberculosis cases,with approximately 4.5 million individuals affected by active tuberculosis.Notably,T2DM poses a significant risk factor for the development of tuberculosis,as evidenced by the increased incidence of T2DM coexisting with pulmonary tuberculosis(T2DMPTB),which has risen from 19.3%to 24.1%.It is evident that these two diseases are intricately interconnected and mutually reinforcing in nature.AIM To elucidate the clinical features of individuals diagnosed with both T2DM and tuberculosis(T2DM-PTB),as well as to investigate the potential risk factors associated with active tuberculosis in patients with T2DM.METHODS T2DM-PTB patients who visited our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023 were selected as the observation group,Simple DM patients presenting to our hospital in the same period were the control group,Controls and case groups were matched 1:2 according to the principle of the same sex,age difference(±3)years and disease duration difference(±5)years,patients were investigated for general demographic characteristics,diabetes-related characteristics,body immune status,lifestyle and behavioral habits,univariate and multivariate analysis of the data using conditional logistic regression,calculate the odds ratio(OR)values and 95%CI of OR values.RESULTS A total of 315 study subjects were included in this study,including 105 subjects in the observation group and 210 subjects in the control group.Comparison of the results of both anthropometric and biochemical measures showed that the constitution index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and lymphocyte count were significantly lower in the case group,while fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher than those in the control group.The results of univariate analysis showed that poor glucose control,hypoproteinemia,lymphopenia,TB contact history,high infection,smoking and alcohol consumption were positively associated with PTB in T2DM patients;married,history of hypertension,treatment of oral hypoglycemic drugs plus insulin,overweight,obesity and regular exercise were negatively associated with PTB in T2DM patients.Results of multivariate stepwise regression analysis found lymphopenia(OR=17.75,95%CI:3.40-92.74),smoking(OR=12.25,95%CI:2.53-59.37),history of TB contact(OR=6.56,95%CI:1.23-35.03)and poor glycemic control(OR=3.37,95%CI:1.11-10.25)was associated with an increased risk of developing PTB in patients with T2DM,While being overweight(OR=0.23,95%CI:0.08-0.72)and obesity(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.02-0.72)was associated with a reduced risk of developing PTB in patients with T2DM.CONCLUSION T2DM-PTB patients are prone to worse glycemic control,higher infection frequency,and a higher proportion of people smoking,drinking alcohol,and lack of exercise.Lymphopenia,smoking,history of TB exposure,poor glycemic control were independent risk factors for T2DM-PTB,and overweight and obesity were associated with reduced risk of concurrent PTB in patients with T2DM.

Predictive factors for percutaneous nephrolithotomy bleeding risks

Objective:This study aimed to identify predictive factors for percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)bleeding risks.With better risk stratification,bleeding in high-risk patient can be anticipated and facilitates early identification.Methods:A prospective observational study of PCNL performed at our institution was done.All adults with radio-opaque renal stones planned for PCNL were included except those with coagulopathy,planned for additional procedures.Factors including gender,co-morbidities,body mass index,stone burden,puncture site,tract dilatation size,operative position,surgeon's seniority,and operative duration were studied using stepwise multivariate regression analysis to identify the predictive factors associated with higher estimated hemoglobin(Hb)deficiency.Results:Overall,4.86%patients(n=7)received packed cells transfusion.The mean estimated Hb deficiency was 1.3(range 0-6.5)g/dL and the median was 1.0 g/dL.Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that absence of hypertension(p=0.024),puncture site(p=0.027),and operative duration(p=0.023)were significantly associated with higher estimated Hb deficiency.However,the effect sizes are rather small with partial eta-squared of 0.037,0.066,and 0.038,respectively.Observed power obtained was 0.621,0.722,and 0.625,respectively.Other factors studied did not correlate with Hb difference.Conclusion:Hypertension,puncture site,and operative duration have significant impact on estimated Hb deficiency during PCNL.However,the effect size is rather small despite adequate study power obtained.Nonetheless,operative position(supine or prone),puncture number,or tract dilatation size did not correlate with Hb difference.The mainstay of reducing bleeding in PCNL is still meticulous operative technique.Our study findings also suggest that PCNL can be safely done by urology trainees under supervision in suitably selected patient,without increasing risk of bleeding.

Risk Factors for Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Coagulation Abnormalities:A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective Coagulation abnormalities are common and prognostically significant in intensive care units(ICUs)and are associated with increased mortality.This study aimed to explore the association between the levels of coagulation markers and the risk of mortality among ICU patients with coagulation abnormalities.Methods This retrospective study investigated patients with coagulation abnormalities in the ICU between January 2021 and December 2022.The initial point for detecting hemostatic biomarkers due to clinical assessment of coagulation abnormalities was designated day 0.Patients were followed up for 28 days,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify risk factors for mortality.Results Of the 451 patients analyzed,115 died,and 336 were alive at the end of the 28-day period.Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT),tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex(tPAIC),prolonged prothrombin time,and thrombocytopenia were independent risk factors for mortality.For nonovert disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)patients,older age and thrombocytopenia were associated with increased risks of mortality,whereas elevated levels of plasminα2-plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)were found to be independent predictors of survival.In patients with overt DIC,elevated levels of tPAIC were independently associated with increased risks of mortality.Nevertheless,thrombocytopenia was independently associated with increased risks of mortality in patients with pre-DIC.Conclusion Coagulation markers such as the TAT,tPAIC,PIC,and platelet count were significantly associated with mortality,underscoring the importance of maintaining a balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis.These findings highlight the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions based on specific coagulation markers to improve patient outcomes.

Status,outcome,and related factors of postpartum hypertension in the Shanghai community

BACKGROUND Postpartum hypertension poses a considerable health risk.Despite research on gestational hypertension,comprehensive studies focusing on postpartum hypertension in communities are limited.Understanding its prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and management.AIM To provide insights for postpartum hypertension’s prevention and management.METHODS In total,3297 women who gave birth between June 2021 and December 2022 in Xuhui District,Shanghai were selected.Blood pressure was measured thrice within one month post-delivery during home visits.Eighty-six women with hypertension were followed up for four months to analyze hypertension persistence and its related risk factors.A predictive model for persistent postpartum hypertension was established and verified using the Nomo diagram model.RESULTS Hypertension prevalence 1 month post-delivery was 2.61%(86/3297).Among the 86 pregnant women,32(37.21%)had persistent hypertension at four months post-delivery.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age[odds ratio(OR)=1.212;95%confidence interval(CI):1.065–1.380]and higher pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)(OR=1.188;95%CI:1.006–1.404)were associated with hypertension(OR=10.781;95%CI:1.006–1.404)during pregnancy.A 95%CI of 1.243–93.480 is a risk factor for persistent postpartum hypertension.The Nomograph model accurately predicted the risk of persistent postpartum hypertension,demonstrating high precision.CONCLUSION In Xuhui,older age,higher pre-pregnancy BMI,and gestational hypertension are risk factors for persistent postpartum hypertension.Our prediction model can identify high-risk individuals,thereby improving patient quality of life.

Study on the occurrence and influencing factors of gastrointestinal symptoms in hemodialysis patients with uremia

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis,and these symptoms seriously affect patients'prognosis.AIM To assess the occurrence and factors influencing gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis.METHODS We retrospectively selected 98 patients with uremia who underwent regular hemo-dialysis treatment in the blood purification center of our hospital from December 2022 to December 2023.The gastrointestinal symptoms and scores of each dimension were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Grading Scale(GSRS).Patients were divided into gastrointestinal symptoms and no gastrointestinal symptom groups according to whether they had gastrointestinal symptoms.The factors that may affect gastrointestinal symptoms were identified by single-factor analysis.Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for gastrointestinal symptoms.RESULTS Gastrointestinal symptoms included indigestion,constipation,reflux,diarrhea,abdominal pain,and eating disorders,and the total average GSRS score was 1.35±0.47.This study showed that age,number of tablets,dialysis time,glucocorticoid,parathyroid hormone(PTH),combined diabetes mellitus and C-reactive protein(CRP)were independent risk factors for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis,whereas body mass index(BMI),hemoglobin(Hb),and urea clearance index were independent protective factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal symptoms are mostly mild in patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis,most commonly including dyspepsia,eating disorders,and gastroesophageal reflux.The independent influencing factors mainly include the BMI,age,number of pills taken,dialysis time,urea clearance index,Hb,use of glucocorticoids,and thyroid hormone level.PTH,CRP,and diabetes are clinically related factors influencing the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms,and targeted prevention can be performed.

Prognostic Factors for the Occurrence of Blood Exposure Accidents among Health Personnel at the Kaolack Regional Hospital (Senegal)

Caregivers are highly exposed to blood exposure accidents (BEA). The objective of our study is to determine the frequency of BEA and to identify the predictive factors for the occurrence of BEAs among caregivers at the Kaolack Regional Hospital (KRH). It is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of KRH’s caregivers. The data were collected during the period from 16 to 26 April 2018. The multivariate analysis was carried out using the binary logistic regression model with a dependent variable (occurrence of blood exposure accidents) and 5 explanatory variables (sex, age, service of belonging, professional category and seniority in the profession). A total of 115 caregivers were surveyed out of 144. It is noted that 68 caregivers (59.1%) have had at least one BEA in the previous 12 months. The age of caregivers significantly reduces the risk of developing a BEA (p = 0.004, CI [0.04 - 0.21]);belonging to the age group [20 - 40 years] increases the risk of a BEA by 6.66. Sex significantly influences the occurrence of BEA with a (p = 0.013, CI [1.47 - 19.4]);men are 5 times more likely to develop BEA. The risk of a BEA occurring varies according to the professional category. Senior health technicians have a significantly 50 times lower risk of occurrence of a BEA (p = 0.007, CI [0.00 - 0.24)]. Nurses and midwives have a 5.8 lower risk of developing BEAs (p = 0.031, CI [0.03 - 0.75]). The risk of occurrence of BEAs varies according to the service of belonging;Medicine service caregivers have a significantly 50-fold lower risk of developing BEAs (p = 0.004, CI [0.00 - 0.17]). The identified risk factors will be used to better guide our BEAs prevention interventions.

Prognostic Factors for the Occurrence of Blood Exposure Accidents among Health Personnel at the Kaolack Regional Hospital (Senegal)

Caregivers are highly exposed to blood exposure accidents (BEA). The objective of our study is to determine the frequency of BEA and to identify the predictive factors for the occurrence of BEAs among caregivers at the Kaolack Regional Hospital (KRH). It is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of KRH’s caregivers. The data were collected during the period from 16 to 26 April 2018. The multivariate analysis was carried out using the binary logistic regression model with a dependent variable (occurrence of blood exposure accidents) and 5 explanatory variables (sex, age, service of belonging, professional category and seniority in the profession). A total of 115 caregivers were surveyed out of 144. It is noted that 68 caregivers (59.1%) have had at least one BEA in the previous 12 months. The age of caregivers significantly reduces the risk of developing a BEA (p = 0.004, CI [0.04 - 0.21]);belonging to the age group [20 - 40 years] increases the risk of a BEA by 6.66. Sex significantly influences the occurrence of BEA with a (p = 0.013, CI [1.47 - 19.4]);men are 5 times more likely to develop BEA. The risk of a BEA occurring varies according to the professional category. Senior health technicians have a significantly 50 times lower risk of occurrence of a BEA (p = 0.007, CI [0.00 - 0.24)]. Nurses and midwives have a 5.8 lower risk of developing BEAs (p = 0.031, CI [0.03 - 0.75]). The risk of occurrence of BEAs varies according to the service of belonging;Medicine service caregivers have a significantly 50-fold lower risk of developing BEAs (p = 0.004, CI [0.00 - 0.17]). The identified risk factors will be used to better guide our BEAs prevention interventions.

Clinical Analysis of Diabetic Nephropathy Risk Factors and Correlation with Blood Pressure Control

Objective:To explore the risk factors of diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with blood pressure control.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 80 patients with diabetic nephropathy(diabetic nephropathy group)and another 80 patients with diabetes(diabetic group)who were admitted to the Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology at our hospital from October 2021 to October 2022 was conducted.The general data of the two groups were compared,the influencing factors associated with the two groups were analyzed unilaterally,and unconditional dichotomous logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Results:There were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and creatinine between the two groups(P>0.05);however,compared with the diabetic group,the DN group had significantly elevated glycated hemoglobin,low-density lipoprotein,24-h urine protein,insulin resistance,and diabetes duration≥10 years(P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical research on the correlation between the incidence of hypertension and the control of blood pressure in patients with diabetic nephropathy should be strengthened in order to formulate reasonable and feasible treatment plans.

Risk factors of CMV infection in patients after umbilical cord blood transplantation: a multicenter study in China

Objective： This retrospective study examined risk factors for cytomegalovirus （CMV） infection after umbilical cord blood transplantation （UCBT） and the impact of CMV infection on patient survival. Methods： In all 176 patients, plasma CMV DNA was negative prior to the transplantation, and examined twice a week for 100 d, and then once weekly for additional 300 d. Preemptive antiviral therapy （ganciclovir or foscarnet） was started in patients with 〉 1,000/mL copies of CMV DNA but no full-blown CMV disease, and was discontinued upon two consecutive negative reports of blood CMV DNA test. The survival and risk factors for CMV infection or disease were examined using logistic regression. Results： CMV infection developed in 71% （125/176） of the patients, with a median onset of 32 d. Four patients （2.3%） developed CMV disease. Neither the 5-year overall survival （OS） nor event-free survival （EFS） differed significantly in infected patients vs. those with no infection （59.4% vs. 64.8%, P=0.194; 53.4% vs. 59.1%, P=0.226）. A stepwise multivariate analysis indicated an association of CMV infection with age, high-dose glucocorticoids, the number of transplanted CD34^＋ cells, and the number of platelet transfusion, but not with gender, the conditioning regimen, and the day of neutrophil recovery and chronic graft-versus- host disease （cGVHD）. Conclusions： CMV infection is very common after UCBT, but does not seem to affect long-term survival with preemptive antiviral treatment.

Evaluation of the Distribution and Factors Affecting Blood Pressure Using Medical Checkup Data in Japan

In this paper, we first evaluated the distribution of blood pressure (BP) using a dataset containing 113,979 measurements in 48,022 individuals with the cooperation of one health insurance society in Japan from April, 2013 to March, 2016. The means of the systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 125.4 and 77.6 mmHg with standard deviations of 16.5 and 11.7 mmHg, respectively. Under the 140/90 criterion, 21.6% of the measurements showed hypertension. According to the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension criterion, 16.4%, 4.2% and 0.96% were classified as grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The factors affecting BP were evaluated by a regression analysis and were found to include age, gender, some eating habits, daily activities, smoking, drinking alcohol, sleeping and wages. Age was a very important factor, and the age cohorts from the previous study might be revised based on these findings. Among factors that individuals can control, the influence of drinking alcohol is very large. Comparing to an individual who does not drink, SBP and DBP of a heavy drinker are more than 5.0 mmHg higher on the average.

Normal Reference Value of Red Blood Cell Count of Chinese Presenile Men and Geographical Factors

This paper aims at providing a scientific basis for unifying the normal reference value standards of red blood cell count of Chinese presenile men. The paper, using microscopical counting method, studies the relationship between the normal reference values of 38,061 samples of red blood cell count of presenile men and eight geographical factors in 297 units in China. It is found that the correlation of geographical factors and the normal reference value of red blood cell count of presenile men is quite significant （F=303.00, P=-0.000）. By using the method of stepwise regression analysis, one regression equation is inferred. It is concluded that if geographical data are obtained in a certain area, the normal reference value of red blood cell count of presenile men in this area can be reckoned by using the regression analysis. Furthermore, according to the geographical factors, China can be divided into eight regions： Northeast China Region, North China Region, Shanxi-Shaanxi-Irmer Mongolia Region, Middle and Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River Region, Southeast China Region, Northwest China Region, Southwest China Region and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region.

Preoperative blood markers and intra-abdominal infection after colorectal cancer resection

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates among digestive tract tumors.Intra-abdominal infection(IAI)is a common postoperative complication that affects the clinical outcomes of patients with CRC and hinders their rehabilitation process.However,the factors influencing abdominal infection after CRC surgery remain unclear;further,prediction models are rarely used to analyze preoperative laboratory indicators and postoperative complications.AIM To explore the predictive value of preoperative blood markers for IAI after radical resection of CRC.METHODS The data of 80 patients who underwent radical resection of CRC in the Anorectal Surgery Department of Suzhou Hospital affiliated with Anhui Medical University were analyzed.These patients were categorized into IAI(n=15)and non-IAI groups(n=65)based on whether IAI occurred.Influencing factors were compared;general data and laboratory indices of both groups were identified.The relationship between the indicators was assessed.Further,a nomogram prediction model was developed and evaluated;its utility and clinical applic-ability were assessed.RESULTS The risk factors for IAI after radical resection of CRC were neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)levels.NLR was correlated with PLR and SII(r=0.604,0.925,and 0.305,respectively),while PLR was correlated with SII(r=0.787).The nomogram prediction model demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.968[95%confidence interval(CI):0.948-0.988]in the training set(n=60)and 0.926(95%CI:0.906-0.980)in the validation set(n=20).The average absolute errors of the calibration curves for the training and validation sets were 0.032 and 0.048,respectively,indicating a good model fit.The decision curve analysis curves demonstrated high net income above the 5%threshold,indicating the clinical practicality of the model.CONCLUSION The nomogram model constructed using NLR,PLR,SII,and CEA levels had good accuracy and reliability in predicting IAI after radical resection of CRC,potentially aiding clinical treatment decision-making.

A Systematic Assessment of Blood Lead Level in Children and Associated Risk Factors in China

In this study, we searched multiple databases for all relevant original articles (1996-2013). To investigate blood lead levels (BLL) and possible risk factors for lead exposure among children in China A total of 388 articles met our inclusion criteria. The overall geometric mean (GM) BLL was 71 μg/L, and the prevalence of elevated BLL (EBLL, defined as BLL &ge;100 μg/L) was 18.48% among children. The prevalence of EBLL remained significantly higher among boys. In children less than 6 years of age, there were significantly increasing trends in both BLL and prevalence of EBLL in an age-dependent manner. The ban on leaded gasoline significantly reduced the BLL as well as EBLL prevalence; however, children whose parents had lower educational levels or were exposed to lead in the workplace had a higher EBLL prevalence. Despite its decline over time, the average BLL among children in China remains higher than the average level most recently reported in the United States. Childhood lead poisoning remains a public health problem in China.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis Delta Virus Transmission among HBsAg Positive Blood Donors in Brazzaville, Congo

Background: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication. It is a major cause of severe acute and chronic hepatitis B. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HDV in blood donors. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving HBsAg-positive blood donors covering the period from July to December 2020. Testing for HDV RNA was performed by conventional two-step RT-PCR. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22 software. Result: Of 113 HBsAg positive samples included in the study 22 or 19.5% were HDV positive. The prevalence of HDV was higher in the age group 31 - 45 years (45.5%), in male donors (71.4%) and in donors with secondary education (50.0%). Furthermore, 55.4% belonged to the family donor category. A significant statistical difference was observed between HDV infection, tattoos, piercings and multiple sexual partners. Conclusion: This study shows a high prevalence of HDV among blood donors in Brazzaville.

Screening influencing factors of blood stasis constitution in traditional Chinese medicine

Objective To study the influencing factors of blood stasis constitution and provide a basis for treating blood stasis-related diseases by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) constitution identification.Methods Data were collected using the self-developed TCM constitution identification platform based on B/S model by the project team. The obtained data were divided into blood stasis constitution and normal constitution groups. The differences of the categorical type influencing factors(gender, birth mode, feeding mode within four months of birth, family history, marital status, eating habits, sleeping habits, exercise habits, emotional state, stress situation, and living environment) and the quantitative type influencing factors(sleep time, age,and mother’s age at birth) on the constitution of the two groups were analyzed. In the singlefactor analysis, the Pearson’s chi-square test was selected for the categorical variable, and the independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test were selected for the quantitative variables according to whether they conformed to the positive-terrestrial distribution;the binary logistic stepwise regression method was selected for the multi-factor analysis.Results The data of 318 cases were collected from the TCM composition identification platform, and 159 cases of blood stasis constitution were used as the experimental group and 159 cases of normal constitution were used as the control group. The Pearson’s chi-square test yielded significant differences(P < 0.05) in the effects of gender, pressure situation, family history, living environment, emotional state, exercise habits, and dietary habits on blood stasis constitution. The independent samples t test yielded differences in sleep duration between the blood stasis constitution and normal constitution populations(P < 0.05), which meant sleep duration of the blood stasis constitution population was less than that of the normal constitution population. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test results accepted the original hypothesis that there was no difference in the distribution of age and mother’s age at birth across constitution types(P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, family history, marital status, living environment, exercise habits, and emotional state were risk factors for blood stasis constitution(P < 0.05).Conclusion Gender, family history, living environment, emotional state, and exercise habits were significant influencing factors of blood stasis constitution. Blood stasis constitution populations can pay more attention to these influencing factors in their daily life for the prevention and reconciliation of blood stasis constitution.

Risk factors from HBV infection among blood donors:A systematic review

Objective:To perform a systematic review of the scientific literature to identify risk factors associated with hepatitis B viruses(HBV) infection among blood donors.Methods:The literature search was carried out on Pub Med and Scopus databases using the keywords "risk factors" "HBV infection" and "blood donors".No date or language restrictions were applied to the search.This literature review was completed in March2014.The selection process and the reporting of the review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement.The Newcastle Ottawa scale was using to evaluate the quality of each single primary study.Results:Out of 172 records resulted in the search,5 papers were included in the final analysis because they are within acceptance criteria.Two of the selected studies were cross-sectional and three of them were case-control studies.Significant association resulted with some demographic and behavioral risk factors,such as marital status,dental treatment/procedure history,no stable relationship or multiple partners and family history of HBV infection.Conclusions:The systematic review performed encourages to conduct further research among blood donors in order to fully understand risk factors among donors in more extensive thus to provide valuable information about surveillance.

Efficacy of Danlou Tablet in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with Phlegm and Blood Stasis Syndrome and Its Effects on Serum Inflammatory Factors

[Objectives] To explore the efficacy of Danlou Tablet( DLT) in the treatment of coronary heart disease( CHD) with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome and its effects on serum inflammatory factors. [Methods]One hundred and ninety-seven patients with CHD and phlegm and blood stasis syndrome in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control group( n =98) treated with aspirin plus atorvastatin,and research group( n =99) treated with DLT and aspirin plus atorvastatin for one month. The clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. Serum secretory phospholipase A2( s PLA2),lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2( LP-PLA2),oxidized low-density lipoprotein( ox-LDL),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1( MCP-1) and World Health Organization Quality of Life( WHOQOL-100) scores were compared before and after one month of treatment. [Results] The total effective rate was93. 94% in the research group,which was higher than that in the control group( 79. 59%,P < 0. 05);the levels of serum s PLA2,LP-PLA2,ox-LDL and MCP-1 in the research group were lower than those in the control group after one month of treatment( P < 0. 05). There was no statistical significance of the difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the research group and the control group( P > 0. 05).After one month of treatment,WHOQOL-100 scores were higher in two groups,which were higher in the research group than that in the control group( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions]DLT can significantly reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors,improve the quality of life in patients with CHD and phlegm and blood stasis syndrome.

Study on improving hematopoietic function of rats with blood deficiency syndrome by Shengxuebao mixture

Background:Shengxuebao mixture(SXBM)is a novel herbal drug approved by China State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Leukopenia and iron deficiency anemia caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Methods:To explore the mechanism of SXBM in treating blood deficiency syndrome(BDS).Firstly,network pharmacology and in vivo experiments were used to screen candidate targets and important signaling pathways of SXBM,GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis were performed.Secondly,a BDS rat model was established to verify the results of the analysis of network pharmacological enrichment.Histopathology and routine peripheral blood examination were observed.The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-6,HIF-1αand NF-κB were detected by Western blot,and the expressions of IL-6,IL-1βwere detected by ELISA.Results:62 bioactive components,66 potential targets and 131 signaling pathways of BDS were successfully identified by network pharmacology.Molecular docking simulation techniques showed that key targets tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-6,IL-1βcan dock well with crucial components,and the BDS-related signaling pathways HIF-1 and JAK-STAT play a vital role.The combined model experiment of acetylphenylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide showed that the model group had obvious blood deficiency,and the histopathology and blood routine were effectively restored after administration.Our findings indicate that SXBM’s therapeutic effect on BDS primarily involves the mediation of the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway and the regulation of hematopoietic factor expression.Conclusion:This study not only affirmed the protective properties of SXBM against BDS but also provided insights into a potential mechanism for blood replenishment in the treatment of BDS using SXBM.