Underground water biological field＇s variation and geoenvironmental safety in city

In the process of city construction, as a comprised factor of city geological environment, underground water takes the most active part, and its dynamic change is fiercest. The city construction unceasingly disturbs underground water chemical, dynamical, physical and biological field. In return, the four fields＇ changes also can affect the geological environment that city lived by, in other words they affect safety and stability of geological environment. Interaction of underground water and the geoenvironment directly displays in the following two ways： The first is that the underground water and the geological body transfer the energy each other; the second is that the strength balance of geological body is broken. Underground water variation brought about by city construction is the factor which cannot be neglected. Underground water variation on the one hand changes soils or rocks＇ physical, biological, chemical and mechanical properties, then influences the deformation and strength of geological body. On the other hand it changes its own physical, chemical properties and biochemical component. At present, from mechanics aspect, interaction between chemical field and biological field variation of the underground water and the geological body lacks research. Although interaction between them is long-term, slow, but when it compared with water-soil or water-rock interaction in the entire process of formation of rocks or soils or geologic evolution history, the qualitative change of the biological and chemical action of rocks or soils brought about by city construction is remarkable, in this paper, aiming at underground water biological field factor which is easily neglected by people, it analyzes that underground water biological field affects possible mechanism and approach of properties variation of rocks or soils in city construction, brings forward further research method and development direction have been also proposed.

A Bio-Physical Analysis of Extracellular Ion Mobility and Electric Field Stress

The electric field stress applied to the cell in the electric field will cause the biological effects of the cell on electromagnetic field. In this paper, the single-shell spherical cell is equated to dielectric spheres, and a biophysical method is used to solve the boundary value problem, and then Maxwell tensor analysis is used to discuss the electric field stresses affecting the applied electric field applied to the cells. The results of numerical analysis show that the ion mobility decreases nonlinearly with increasing frequency in the lower region of the applied electric field frequency, and increases with increasing equivalent dielectric constant at a certain frequency, and the magnitude of the electric field stress is almost independent of the frequency;as the frequency increases, the ion mobility tends to a minimum value and is almost independent of the equivalent dielectric constant, while the applied electric field frequency and the cell dielectric constant both affect the cell normal and the tangential stresses. Therefore, the frequency applied electric field and cell dielectric constant affect the extracellular ion mobility, electric field stress applied to the cell membrane by the electric field;the extracellular ion mobility caused by the electric field in the low frequency range is more pronounced than that in the high frequency, and electric field stress is the basic cause of cell deformation.

Electronic structure tuning of layered double hydroxides for electrochemical sensing and its biomedical applications

Modifying the electrodes of electrochemical sensors is critical to enhance sensitivity,selectivity,and stability,ultimately improving both their effectiveness and performance.In this paper,recent advancements in electrochemical sensors are reviewed,focusing on the utilization of layered double hydroxides(LDHs).The first section explores the advantageous and disadvantageous aspects of electrochemical sensing.Benefits include rapid response,ease of operation,and cost-effectiveness,while drawbacks concern the potential instability of prolonged use,susceptibility to interference,and the risk of biomolecule inactivation.Following this,the second section delves into the synthesis,constituents,and structure of LDHs.Moreover,after introducing the chemical mechanisms and functions of LDHs in electrochemical sensors,we concentrate on diverse modifying materials of LDHs and their different performances.Finally,the applications of LDHs in electrochemical sensing across different fields are discussed.This review aims to facilitate the continued advancement for applying LDHs in electrochemical sensors,as well as inspire the evolution of electrochemical sensing technology.