Plasma-activated hydrogel:fabrication,functionalization,and effective biological model

Hydrogels are biomaterials with 3D networks of hydrophilic polymers.The generation of hydrogels is turning to the development of hydrogels with the help of enabling technologies.Plasma can tailor the hydrogels’properties through simultaneous physical and chemical actions,resulting in an emerging technology of plasma-activated hydrogels(PAH).PAH can be divided into functional PAH and biological tissue model PAH.This review systematically introduces the plasma sources,plasma etching polymer surface,and plasma cross-linking involved in the fabrication of PAH.The‘diffusion-drift-reaction model’is used to study the microscopic physicochemical interaction between plasma and biological tissue PAH models.Finally,the main achievements of PAH,including wound treatment,sterilization,3D tumor model,etc,and their development trends are discussed.

Stochastic Computational Heuristic for the Fractional Biological Model Based on Leptospirosis

The purpose of these investigations is to find the numerical outcomes of the fractional kind of biological system based on Leptospirosis by exploiting the strength of artificial neural networks aided by scale conjugate gradient,called ANNs-SCG.The fractional derivatives have been applied to get more reliable performances of the system.The mathematical form of the biological Leptospirosis system is divided into five categories,and the numerical performances of each model class will be provided by using the ANNs-SCG.The exactness of the ANNs-SCG is performed using the comparison of the reference and obtained results.The reference solutions have been obtained by using theAdams numerical scheme.For these investigations,the data selection is performed at 82%for training,while the statics for both testing and authentication is selected as 9%.The procedures based on the recurrence,mean square error,error histograms,regression,state transitions,and correlation will be accomplished to validate the fitness,accuracy,and reliability of the ANNs-SCG scheme.

Positive Almost Periodic Solution on a Nonlinear Logistic Biological Model with Grazing Rates

In this paper, we study the following nonlinear biological modeldx(t)/dt = x(t)[a(t)-b(t)x α (t)] + f(t, xt),by using fixed pointed theorem, the sufficient conditions of the existence of unique positive almost periodic solution for the above system are obtained, by using the theories of stability, the sufficient conditions which guarantee the stability of the positive almost periodic solution are derived.

Study on optimization of parameters in a biological model

According to the data observed in a China- Japan Joint Investigation, the parameters of an ecosystem dynamics model (Qiao et al., 2000) were optimized. The values of eighteen parameters for the model were obtained, with nutrient half saturation constant, Kn= 1.4μmol/dm3, Kp = 0.129 μmol/dm3 and K3= 1. 16μmol/dm3 for the diatom and Kn= 0.345μmol/dm3, Kp=0. 113μmol/dm3 for the flagellate. The proposals to set up a function for this multiple objective problem were discussed in detail.

A weakly coupled data assimilation system of a coupled physical–biological model for the northeastern South China Sea

A weakly coupled data assimilation system was established for a coupled physical–biological model for the northeastern South China Sea（NSCS）. The physical model used was the Regional Ocean Modeling System; the biological component was a seven-compartment nitrogen–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus ecosystem model; and the data assimilation method was Ensemble Optical Interpolation. To test the performance of the weakly coupled data assimilation system, two numerical experiments（i.e. control and assimilation runs） based on a process-oriented idealized case were conducted, and climatological SST was assimilated in the assimilation run. Only physical variables were adjusted in the weakly coupled data assimilation. The results showed that both the assimilated SST and other unassimilated physical variables had reasonable process responses. Due to the warmer SST observation, the water temperature（salinity） in the assimilation run increased（decreased） in coastal upwelling regions. Both the alongshore and bottom cross-shore currents were reduced, jointly demonstrating the weakening of the upwelling system. Meanwhile, ecosystem variables were also affected to some extent by the SST assimilation through the coupled model. For example, larger phytoplankton（chlorophyll） productivity was found in the upwelling region within the shallow layer due to the warmer waters in the assimilation run. Hence, the application of this data assimilation system could reasonably modify both physical and biological variables for the NSCS by SST assimilation.

Experimental-Biological Model of Bartonellosis

Bartonella are known to be important causes ofzooanthroponotic diseases. The range of human infection varies from mild lymphadenopathy and asymptomatic bacteremia to life-threatening systemic disease in immunocompromised patients. Microbiological improvements in isolation methods and PCR amplification of organism-specific DNA sequences have resulted in a dramatic increase in reports describing human patients with bartonellosis. Nevertheless, clearly and successful isolation ofBartonella spp. from bacteremic animals and human patients remains an ongoing challenge. Technology of experimental bartonellosis due to intraperitoneal introduction of biological material samples containing causative agents to laboratory animals is presented in the article. White nonlinear mice with the artificially cyclophosphamide formed immunodeficient state may be used as an experimental model for further investigation of the biological alterations responsible for angiomatosis. On the other hand, we believe that this new method will enhance the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity needed to achieve a diagnosis of bartonellosis.

Existence of Positive Periodic Solutions for a Time-Delay Biological Model

Based on the classic Lotlk-Volterra cooperation model, we establish a time-delay model of which a species cannot survive independently. By continuation theorem, we discuss existence of positive periodic solutions of the model.

Numerical Investigations of a Class of Biological Models on Unbounded Domain

This paper is concerned with numerical computations of a class of biologi-cal models on unbounded spatial domains.To overcome the unboundedness of spatial domain,we first construct efficient local absorbing boundary conditions(LABCs)to re-formulate the Cauchy problem into an initial-boundary value(IBV)problem.After that,we construct a linearized finite difference scheme for the reduced IVB problem,and provide the corresponding error estimates and stability analysis.The delay-dependent dynamical properties on the Nicholson’s blowflies equation and the Mackey-Glass equa-tion are numerically investigated.Finally,numerical examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of our LABCs and theoretical results of the numerical scheme.

Stability analysis of a discrete biological model

In this paper, we investigate the equilibrium point, local and global behavior of the unique positive equilibrium point, and rate of convergence of positive solutions of following discrete biological model： Xn＋1=Xne^ln（α）（1-Yn）,Yn＋1=（γδ-1）Yn（1＋1/γδ-1-Yn/Xn）, where parameters α,γ,δ and the initial conditions Xo, ]Io are positive real numbers. Some numerical examples are given to verify theoretical results.

Exact Solutions of Fractional-Order Biological Population Model

In this paper, the Adomian＇s decomposition method （ADM） is presented for finding the exact solutions of a more general biological population models. A new solution is constructed in power series. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. To illustrate the reliability of the method, some examples are provided.

Homotopy Analysis Method for Solving Biological Population Model

In this paper,the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is applied to solve generalized biological populationmodels.The fractional derivatives are described by Caputo's sense.The method introduces a significant improvementin this field over existing techniques.Results obtained using the scheme presented here agree well with the analyticalsolutions and the numerical results presented in Ref.[6].However,the fundamental solutions of these equations stillexhibit useful scaling properties that make them attractive for applications.

A T-Cell Model for the Biological Role of Selenium-Dependent Glutathione Peroxidase

The cytosolic form of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase detoxifies both hydrogen and lipid peroxides and therefore represents a major component of the cellular anti-oxidant defenses. In order to study the biological role of this enzyme, we generated an expression construct in a retroviral vector, which when introduced into immortalized human T-cells, resulted in significant increases in the activity of this important enzyme. This effect is stable over extended maintenance in culture. The anti-oxidant defenses in these same cells are also shown to be attenuated hy chemically reducing cellular glutathione levels. Collectively, the abllity to both increase and decrease the anti-oxidant defenses in human T cells results in a useful model system for the study of oxidative stress and signaling in this cell type

Study Progress Analysis of Effluent Quality Prediction in Activated Sludge Process Based on CiteSpace

In this paper, CiteSpace, a bibliometrics software, was adopted to collect research papers published on the Web of Science, which are relevant to biological model and effluent quality prediction in activated sludge process in the wastewater treatment. By the way of trend map, keyword knowledge map, and co-cited knowledge map, specific visualization analysis and identification of the authors, institutions and regions were concluded. Furthermore, the topics and hotspots of water quality prediction in activated sludge process through the literature-co-citation-based cluster analysis and literature citation burst analysis were also determined, which not only reflected the historical evolution progress to a certain extent, but also provided the direction and insight of the knowledge structure of water quality prediction and activated sludge process for future research.

Dynamics of Fractional Differential Model for Schistosomiasis Disease

In the present study,a design of a fractional order mathematical model is presented based on the schistosomiasis disease.To observe more accurate performances of the results,the use of fractional order derivatives in the mathematical model is introduce based on the schistosomiasis disease is executed.The preliminary design of the fractional order mathematical model focused on schistosomiasis disease is classified as follows:uninfected with schistosomiasis,infected with schistosomiasis,recovered from infection,susceptible snail unafflicted with schistosomiasis disease and susceptible snail afflicted with this disease.The solutions to the proposed system of the fractional order mathematical model will be presented using stochastic artificial neural network(ANN)techniques in conjunction with the LevenbergMarquardt backpropagation(LMBP),referred to as ANN-LMBP.To illustrate the preciseness of the ANN-LMBP method,mathematical presentations of three different values focused on fractional order will be performed.These statics performances are taken in these investigations are 78%and 11%for both learning and certification.The accuracy of the ANN-LMBP method is determined by comparing the values obtained by the database Adams-Bash forth-Moulton scheme.The simulation-based error histograms(EHs),MSE,recurrence,and state transitions(STs)will be offered to achieve the capability,accuracy,steadiness,abilities,and finesse of the ANN-LMBP method.

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A POPULATION DYNAMICS MODEL WITH HYSTERESIS

This paper addresses a nonlinear partial differential control system arising in population dynamics.The system consist of three diffusion equations describing the evolutions of three biological species:prey,predator,and food for the prey or vegetation.The equation for the food density incorporates a hysteresis operator of generalized stop type accounting for underlying hysteresis effects occurring in the dynamical process.We study the problem of minimization of a given integral cost functional over solutions of the above system.The set-valued mapping defining the control constraint is state-dependent and its values are nonconvex as is the cost integrand as a function of the control variable.Some relaxationtype results for the minimization problem are obtained and the existence of a nearly optimal solution is established.

Nonlinear dynamical wave structures of Zoomeron equation for population models

The nonlinear dynamical exact wave solutions to the non-fractional order and the time-fractional order of the biological population models are achieved for the first time in the framwork of the Paul-Painlevéapproach method(PPAM).When the variables appearing in the exact solutions take specific values,the solitary wave solutions will be easily obtained.The realized results prove the efficiency of this technique.

Thyroid hormone regulation of apoptotic tissue remodeling during anuran metamorphosis

Anuran metamorphosis involves systematic transformations of individual organs in a thyroid hormone (TH)-dependent manner. Morphological and cellular studies have shown that the removal of larval or- gans/tissues such the tail and the tadpole intestinal epithelium is through programmed cell death or apop- tosis. Recent molecular investigations suggest that TH regulates metamorphosis by regulating target gene expression through thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), which are DNA-binding transcription factors. Cloning and characterization of TH response genes show that diverse groups of early response genes are induced by TH. The products of these TH response genes are believed to directly or indirectly affect the expression and/or functions of cell death genes, which are conserved at both sequence and function levels in different animal species. A major challenge for future research lies at determining the signaling pathways leading to the activation of apoptotic processes and whether different death genes are involved in the regulation of apoptosis in different tissues/organs to effect tissue-specific transformations.

Properties of Solutions of Kolmogorov-Fisher Type Biological Population Task with Variable Density

In this paper, we discussed population model of two competing populations with non-linear double diffusion and variable density which described by nonlinear system of competing individuals. We identify new properties, such as finite speed of propagation, and localization of the outbreaks in a specific area.

Mathematical study of fractional-order biological population model using optimal homotopy asymptotic method

In this paper, we study the fractional-order biological population models （FI3PMs） with Malthusian~ Verhulst, and porous media laws. The fractional derivative is defined in Caputo sense. The optimal homotopy asymptotic method （OHAM） for partial differ- ential equations （PDEs） is extended and successfully implemented to solve FBPMs. Third-order approximate solutions are obtained and compared with the exact solutions. The numerical results unveil that the proposed extension in the OHAM for fractional- order differential problems is very effective and simple in computation. The results reveal the effectiveness with high accuracy and extremely efficient to handle most complicated biological population models.

Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Holochilus sciureus Shows Sex-Related Differences in Parasitological Patterns

Due to the different parasitological patterns found between sexes in human populations and in different biological models during Schistosoma mansoni infection, we proposed to investigate such differences using Holochilus sciureus rodent, besides confirming whether this rodent is suitable for experimental infections. In this sense, males and females of H. sciureus were infected with 200 cercariae from a human strain of S. mansoni. The number of eggs per gram of feces (epg) and the worms were quantified, besides histopathological analysis. Thus, it was shown that females have fewer epg, as well as a longer prepatent period. On the other hand, males had a lower recovery rate of adult worms. The histopathological analysis did not show differences between the sexes. Thus, we suggest that infection in H. sciureus females provides a favorable environment for the development of adult worms, despite impairing the parasite fecundity. In addition, H. sciureus may be an excellent biological model for S. mansoni experimental infections.