Digital measuring the ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig eye in vivo with Python

AIM:To quantitatively measure ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig with Python technology.METHODS:Thirty-six eyeballs of eighteen 3-weekold guinea pigs were measured with keratometer and photographed to obtain the horizontal,coronal,and sagittal planes respectively.The corresponding photo pixels-actual length ratio was acquired by a proportional scale.The edge coordinates were identified artificially by ginput function.Circle and conic curve fitting were applied to fit the contour of the eyeball in the sagittal,coronal and horizontal view.The curvature,curvature radius,eccentricity,tilt angle,corneal diameter,and binocular separation angle were calculated according to the geometric principles.Next,the eyeballs were removed,canny edge detection was applied to identify the contour of eyeball in vitro.The results were compared between in vivo and in vitro.RESULTS:Regarding the corneal curvature and curvature radius on the horizontal and sagittal planes,no significant differences were observed among results in vivo,in vitro,and the keratometer.The horizontal and vertical binocular separation angles were 130.6°±6.39°and 129.8°±9.58°respectively.For the corneal curvature radius and eccentricity in vivo,significant differences were observed between horizontal and vertical planes.CONCLUSION:The Graphical interface window of Python makes up the deficiency of edge detection,which requires too much definition in Matlab.There are significant differences between guinea pig and human beings,such as exotropic eye position,oblique oval eyeball,and obvious discrepancy of binoculus.This study helps evaluate objectively the ocular morphological parameters of small experimental animals in emmetropization research.

Comparison of ocular biometric parameters between two swept-source optical coherence tomography devices and Scheimpflug tomography in patients with cataract

AIM:To assess and compare the variations and agreements across different ocular biometric parameters using swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)and Scheimpflug tomography in patients diagnosed with cataract.METHODS:This prospective case series was conducted at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital.In total,212 eyes from 212 patients scheduled for phacoemulsification were included.Eyes were evaluated preoperatively using two SSOCT devices(IOLMaster700 and CASIA2)and Scheimpflug tomography(Pentacam).Central corneal thickness(CCT),anterior chamber depth(ACD),aqueous depth(AQD),white-to-white distance(WTW),flat simulated keratometry(Kf),steep simulated keratometry(Ks),mean keratometry(Km),and total corneal keratometry(TKm)were measured.Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),95%confidence intervals(CI)and limits of agreement(LoA)widths were conducted to assess differences and correlations between devices.RESULTS:All parameters,except for Ks,were significantly different.Pairwise comparison revealed no significant differences between keratometry obtained by IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam.LoA widths of all paired comparisons for Ks were>0.80 D.Except for WTW between IOLMaster 700 and CASIA2 and between CASIA2 and Pentacam,other Pearson’s coefficients between devices showed a strong correlation(all r>0.95).The ICC of WTW(ICC=0.438,95%CI 0.167-0.625)showed poor reliability.The reliability of CCT,ACD,and AQD was excellent(all ICC>0.95),whereas that of TKm was good(ICC=0.827,95%CI 0.221-0.939).A significant linear correlation was also observed among devices.CONCLUSION:The ocular parameters derived from the use of IOLMaster700,CASIA2,and Pentacam exhibit significant discrepancies;as such,measurements from these devices should not be deemed as interchangeable.

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Biological Parameters in Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

Chronic hepatitis B causes a liver disease characterized by inflammation of the liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of biological parameters in patients treated with Tenofovir for chronic B infection at the Commune V referral health center in Bamako. We obtained a prevalence of 14.15%. The most represented age group was 31 - 40 years, with 36.8%. The sex ratio was 1.44 in favour of men. Viral load was undetectable after 18 months of treatment in 25 patients (42.37%). Tenofovir, the 1st-line drug in Mali, is effective on the biological parameters monitored in patients.

Ocular biometric characteristics of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery

AIM:To analyze and compare the differences among ocular biometric parameters in Han and Uyghur populations undergoing cataract surgery.METHODS:In this hospital-based prospective study,410 patients undergoing cataract surgery(226 Han patients in Tianjin and 184 Uyghur patients in Xinjiang)were enrolled.The differences in axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),keratometry[steep K(Ks)and flat K(Kf)],and corneal astigmatism(CA)measured using IOL Master 700 were compared between Han and Uyghur patients.RESULTS:The average age of Han patients was higher than that of Uyghur patients(70.22±8.54 vs 63.04±9.56y,P<0.001).After adjusting for age factors,Han patients had longer AL(23.51±1.05 vs 22.86±0.92 mm,P<0.001),deeper ACD(3.06±0.44 vs 2.97±0.37 mm,P=0.001),greater Kf(43.95±1.40 vs 43.42±1.69 D,P=0.001),steeper Ks(45.00±1.47 vs 44.26±1.71 D,P=0.001),and higher CA(1.04±0.68 vs 0.79±0.65,P=0.025)than Uyghur patients.Intra-ethnic male patients had longer AL,deeper ACD,and lower keratometry than female patients;however,CA between the sexes was almost similar.In the correlation analysis,we observed a positive correlation between AL and ACD in patients of both ethnicities(rHan=0.48,rUyghur=0.44,P<0.001),while AL was negatively correlated with Kf(rHan=-0.42,rUyghur=-0.64,P<0.001)and Ks(rHan=-0.38,rUyghur=-0.66,P<0.001).Additionally,Kf was positively correlated with Ks(rHan=0.89,rUyghur=0.93,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:There are differences in ocular biometric parameters between individuals of Han ethnicity in Tianjin and those of Uyghur ethnicity in Xinjiang undergoing cataract surgery.These ethnic variances can enhance our understanding of ocular diseases related to these parameters and provide guidance for surgical procedures.

Effects of diode laser photocoagulation treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity

AIM:To investigate the effects of diode laser treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS:Premature infants who received diode laser treatment for ROP(n=68)and premature infants with spontaneous regressed ROP without treatment(n=50)were performed longitudinal ocular biometric measurements including anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length as follows:1 d prior to laser treatment,and 3,6,9,and 12 mo after the laser treatment.RESULTS:The mean birth weight,gestational age and initial examination time values were 936.53±302.07 g,26.66±2.42 wk,36.26±2.73 wk in the treatment group and 959.78±260.08 g,27.28±2.10 wk,36.56±2.54 wk in the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in these demographic characteristics of the groups.Anterior chamber depth,lens thickness and axial length demonstrated statistically significant linear increases during the study period in the two groups(P<0.001 for each).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of anterior chamber depth after laser treatment.Measurements of the lens thickness at 9 th and 12 th months(9 th month 3.70±0.22 vs 3.60±0.21 mm,P=0.017;12 th month 3.81±0.21 vs 3.69±0.22 mm,P=0.002)and the axial length at 12 th month(19.35±0.79 vs 19.13±0.54 mm,P=0.031)after laser treatment were statistically higher in the treatment group.CONCLUSION:Diode laser retinal photocoagulation treatment in premature infants seems to increase the lens thickness and axial length.

The Relationship Between Fat Content and Biological Parameters of Bigeye Tuna(Thunnus obseus) in the Western Central Indian Ocean

Comparing fat content with physiological status can throw light on the reproduction and feeding behavior of the fish. The biological data of 586 bigeye tuna were collected from the longline fishery in the waters of Western Central Indian Ocean from November, 2012 to March, 2013. The spatial or temporal distribution of the fat content, and the relationships of fat content with gender, round weight, gonadal maturity and fork length were analyzed. A generalized additive model(GAM) was used to analyze the relationships between fat content and fork length(FL), gonadosomatic index(GSI), condition factor(K), and somatic index(SI). Results showed that: 1) the fat content of bigeye tuna was in the range of 3.1%–27.1% with the average 12.8%; 2) there were no significant geographical differences of average fat content(P > 0.05) among 1? squares in general; 3) there were no significant differences(P > 0.05) of the fat content for different genders, months, or gonad maturity stages; 4) there was an extremely significant correlation(P = 0.000) between fat content and FL and GSI. There was no significant correlation(P = 0.051) between fat content and K. There was a significant correlation(P = 0.003) between fat content and SI. The results of this study suggest that the fat content of the matured fish was relatively stable. The survey area was in a spawning region, and the survey period was the spawning season for bigeye tuna.

Comparison of the impact of nesofilcon A hydrogel contact lens on the ocular surface and the comfort of presbyopic and non-presbyopic wearers

AIM: To assess and compare the impact of a daily disposable contact lens(CL) with high water content on the ocular surface and comfort of the presbyopic and nonpresbyopic population after one day of use. METHODS: Totally 20 presbyopes and 30 non-presbyopes non-contact wearers were fitted with nesofilcon A CLs. CL thickness was measured to assess material stability during daily wear, and ocular surface parameters were also assessed. Optical quality was analyzed for all cases. In addition, CL comfort was rated.RESULTS: No significant differences were found in CL thickness, tear film osmolarity, average tear break-up time, bulbar redness, central corneal thickness, corneal volume, root-mean-square of higher-order aberrations(RMS of HOAs) and vertical and horizontal coma, either as a function of the group or time of use. A significant decrease in tear meniscus height and first break-up of the tear film was found in the presbyopic group(P=0.038; P=0.007 respectively). A decrease in spherical aberration coefficient was found after CL insertion(P=0.031 monofocal CL; P=0.023 low addition multifocal CL; P=0.016 high addition multifocal CL). Multifocal CL were thicker than monofocal CL(P=0.045). Comparison between groups showed more discomfort in presbyopes than non-presbyopes(P=0.003).CONCLUSION: This study evidence that the behavior of the daily disposable CL with high water content seems to be stable during the day of use. Ocular parameters measured during wear show that CL behavior is the same for presbyopes and non-presbyopes, being more uncomfortable for presbyopes.

Age-related differences in the biological parameters of vertebral cancellous bone from Chinese women

Background With aging, the human fracture risk gradually increase. This is mainly due to the corresponding changes of the biomechanical parameters of human bone presents with aging. We measured the microstructural parameters of lumbar bone from women in several age groups by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. We observed changes in lumbar cancellous bone mineral density and in biomechanical parameters with aging to elucidate the relationship between age and risk of fracture. We provide theoretical support for human pathology, fracture risk increased with age and the individualized of each age group.

Study on optimization of parameters in a biological model

According to the data observed in a China- Japan Joint Investigation, the parameters of an ecosystem dynamics model (Qiao et al., 2000) were optimized. The values of eighteen parameters for the model were obtained, with nutrient half saturation constant, Kn= 1.4μmol/dm3, Kp = 0.129 μmol/dm3 and K3= 1. 16μmol/dm3 for the diatom and Kn= 0.345μmol/dm3, Kp=0. 113μmol/dm3 for the flagellate. The proposals to set up a function for this multiple objective problem were discussed in detail.

3907例儿童近视早期眼底改变在不同眼轴的分布及其人工智能量化监控指标

目的采用人工智能技术对儿童近视早期眼底的微量变化进行定性、定量分析,结合相关眼生物参数,探索近视发展的内在规律,为儿童近视防控工作中的早期发现、及时监测、适时调整提供敏感指标。方法横断面研究。对3907例18岁以下门诊顺序就诊儿童的眼底及相关生物参数进行采集,并按年龄分为6组,眼轴分为8组。分别采用SW‐9000眼科光学生物测量仪、SW‐8800眼底照相机,OSE‐2800眼科光学相干断层扫描仪和EVisionAI依未眼底智能分析云平台。依据SHI’标准中国眼健康档案及诊断体系,每一位患者每次就诊均按设计流程进行11项+眼生物参数进行完整的数据采集。近视早期眼底指标依次有垂直杯/盘(C/D)比、豹纹状改变和弧形斑。采用SPSS 19.0(SPSS Inc,Chicago,IL,USA)进行统计,包括χ2分析、ANOVA方差分析和多元逐步线性回归分析。结果3907例18岁以下儿童中,男生55.8%,女生44.2%;右眼和左眼分别50%。就诊高峰为6~11岁(64%)。眼轴23.5~25.5 mm占总人数的53.5%。眼轴25.5 mm以上各组占16.9%。垂直C/D比0.4~0.5占77%(χ2检验,P=0.000);眼轴24.5 mm以下各组呈现1级或无豹纹状改变,弧形斑多为生理改变;眼轴24.5~25.5 mm组呈现4级豹纹状改变;眼轴24.5 mm以上各组主要表现为3级弧形斑,26.5 mm以上眼轴为4级弧形斑(P组间=0.000,P总=0.000,P相关性<0.002)。结论24.5 mm眼轴可作为学龄儿童近视防控的监测关键拐点,豹纹状改变0.1、弧形斑1 PD视为诊断指标,豹纹状改变0.04~0.09、弧形斑2/3 PD视为病理性改变前期或高危期诊断指标。

不同淹没水深下菹草对强辐射的响应

春末夏初菹草大批衰亡的原因一直是水体生态修复关注重点,强辐射被认为是最为重要的因素。为研究不同淹没水深下菹草对强辐射的抵御能力,通过模拟强辐射方式,用透明渔网将植株压迫至水下相应位置(10、20、30 cm),分别测定菹草形态、叶绿素质量分数及叶绿素荧光参数等变化,并与对照组(未压迫)比较。结果表明,压迫至水下20 cm处的植株在株高、叶面积、鲜物质量,以及叶绿素质量分数等指标均高于其他深度处理组,对照组各项指标最低;水下20 cm组PSⅡ中心活性最强,受强辐射中UV-B伤害最小,而对照组及水下10 cm处理组,受UV-B辐射后,其PSⅡ反应中心遭到破坏或可逆性失活,光能转换效率、光能传递能率以及电子传递速率下降;水下30 cm处理组,虽PSⅡ反应中心未遭到伤害,因光合有效辐射衰减,植株生长各项指标不及20 cm组。辐射对所有监测指标均有极显著影响,大部分指标同时受水深因素影响;株高、节间距、叶绿素质量分数及Fv/Fm、ϕPSⅡ、qP还受两者交互影响。该试验中,水下20 cm既可抵御有害辐射,光合有效辐射也能满足植株生长。因此,利用水体自身屏蔽作用,通过压迫方式可有效削减强辐射中有害辐射对菹草的伤害,是一种简单易行的方式,在自然水体中可参考UV-B生物有效光学深度来确定压迫深度。

眼肌型重症肌无力的诊疗进展

眼肌型重症肌无力(OMG)的诊断主要依赖于临床病史及床旁试验(如冰袋试验、疲劳试验、睡眠试验等)、血清抗体(乙酰胆碱受体抗体、肌肉特异性络氨酸激酶抗体和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白4抗体)测定及电生理学检查(重复神经刺激、单纤维肌电图)。不同辅助检查的合理组合有助于提高其对OMG诊断的敏感性和特异性。OMG的治疗方法有对症治疗和免疫抑制(IS)治疗。眼肌麻痹患者通常需要糖皮质激素(GC)治疗。GC停药后复发或对GC不耐受的患者可能需要其他IS疗法,包括传统免疫抑制剂甚至靶向生物制剂。对症治疗疗效不好、不愿接受IS治疗或有IS治疗禁忌证、或表现为难治性乙酰胆碱受体抗体+OMG的患者,早期胸腺切除也是一种积极的治疗选择。本文对近年来国内外文献在OMG诊断、治疗及预后方面的进展进行了综述,旨在提高临床医师对OMG的认识,促使临床医师对OMG尽可能实行早期诊断、合理治疗,以获得更好的治疗结局。

云南纳西族、白族和汉族中小学生眼球生物学参数特征分析

目的分析云南纳西族、白族和汉族中小学生眼球生物学参数的特征。方法采用以学校为单位的分层整群抽样,于2020年10月从白族和纳西族聚居的大理州和丽江市选取2、3年级和7年级学生共724人进行问卷调查和眼科检查,记录非睫状肌麻痹下的等效球镜度(SE)、眼轴长度(AL)、前房深度(ACD)、角膜曲率半径(CR)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)和角膜直径(WTW),并计算轴径比(AL/CR)。使用协方差分析比较SE和眼球生物学参数的民族、性别和年级差异;使用Pearson相关分析探索上述指标之间的联系。结果无论2、3年级还是7年级,不同民族学生间每日户外时间、屏幕时间和睡眠时间差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。纳西族学生CCT低于汉族和白族[2、3年级:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm和(559.27±32.79)μm;7年级:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm和(548.26±32.98)μm,均为P<0.05];7年级学生中,纳西族SE、AL和AL/CR与汉族、白族学生相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);其他眼球生物学参数在2、3年级和7年级学生中,各民族间差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。女生AL、CR、ACD、CCT、WTW均低于男生,且平均SE低于男生(均为P<0.05)。与2、3年级学生相比,7年级学生AL更长、ACD更深、CCT更薄(均为P<0.05),而CR和WTW差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,AL/CR与SE高度相关(r=-0.78,P<0.05)。结论多民族地区的中小学生虽然面临着相似的环境危险因素,但仍需关注眼球生物学参数的民族、性别和年龄差异。

基于改进YOLOv8的生物显微镜图像眼前节参数测量方法研究

目的:针对眼科超声图像数量有限、标注成本高和模型泛化能力不强的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv8的超声生物显微镜(ultrasonic biological microscopy,UBM)图像眼前节参数测量方法。方法:首先,使用StyleGAN3进行数据增强,降低YOLOv8模型对UBM图像的敏感度,提高模型的泛化性能;其次,借鉴半监督学习中的伪标签自训练的方法,使用以原始UBM图像为数据集的YOLOv8模型生成虚拟UBM图像的伪标签;最后,使用扩充后的数据集训练YOLOv8模型,同时使用全局上下文网络(global context network,GCNet)模块改进YOLOv8模型,使用关键点排序算法对YOLOv8的预测结果进行排序,结合先验知识筛选出合格图像后,计算眼前节生理参数的测量值。结果:与眼科专家的手工标注结果相比,经StyleGAN3数据增强和自训练的YOLOv8模型的定位误差为(61.94±40.66)μm,测量前房角间距、瞳孔直径、睫状沟间距、中央角膜厚度、前房深度、晶状体厚度的平均相对误差分别为0.62%、1.35%、0.68%、4.87%、0.93%、0.75%。结论:提出的方法能够提高UBM图像眼前节参数测量的精度,且能满足实时性的需求。

儿童近视发生前后的屈光度和眼生物参数变化:安阳儿童眼病研究

目的分析小学生5年间的屈光度和眼生物参数变化趋势,探讨其在近视发生前后的变化规律。方法采用队列研究方法,以“安阳儿童眼病研究”中的1年级小学生为研究对象,共纳入1986人,其中男生1126人,女生860人,均取右眼数据进行分析。每年采用1%环戊通滴眼液进行睫状肌麻痹后电脑验光获得等效球镜度(SE),采用眼生物测量仪测量眼轴长度(AL)、前房深度、晶状体厚度、平均角膜曲率(Km)等,采用Bennett公式计算晶状体屈光力(LP)。根据随访时近视发生情况将受检者分为持续近视组、非近视组和新发近视组,又根据发病年龄将新发近视组细分为8岁近视组、9岁近视组、10岁近视组、11岁近视组和12岁近视组,比较各组屈光度和眼生物参数在不同随访时间点的差异。结果随着年龄增加,所有儿童的屈光度均逐渐向近视漂移、眼轴逐渐增长,各组内相邻随访年龄间SE和AL比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在相同随访年龄下,近视发生越早,其近视屈光度数越高,AL越长;各相邻组间SE比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);8~12岁随访年龄下各相邻组间AL比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在非近视组,屈光度以缓慢均匀的速度向正视漂移,5年平均SE变化速度为(-0.23±0.27)D/年,AL亦缓慢均匀增长,5年平均增长速度为(0.18±0.13)mm/年;在新发近视组中,近视发生前第3年、第2年和第1年的SE年变化量分别为(-0.32±0.25)、(-0.45±0.33)和(-0.98±0.44)D,AL年增长量分别为(0.25±0.12)、(0.32±0.15)和(0.48±0.19)mm,SE和AL变化速度均在近视发生前开始加快,并于近视发生后变缓,各近视前后不同时间段SE和AL变化速度总体比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。新发近视组中发生近视时男生的AL为(24.11±0.70)mm,明显长于女生的(23.60±0.66)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=159.71,P<0.001)。LP随年龄增加而下降,9岁前下降速度较快,9岁后下降速度变缓。持续近视组和8~11岁近视组的LP平均下降速度分别为(-0.48±0.19)、(-0.44±0.20)、(-0.49±0.16)、(-0.51±0.18)、(-0.48±0.19)D/年,明显快于12岁近视组的(-0.42±0.17)D/年和非近视组的(-0.37±0.15)D/年,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。各组不同随访年龄Km比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论AL在儿童近视发生的前3年内开始加速增长,在近视发生后增长速度逐渐变缓,但仍明显快于非近视儿童;在此过程中,LP下降起到一定的代偿作用,Km无显著变化。相同年龄下男生发生近视时的AL比女生长。AL是近视防控的重要指标,评估时要考虑性别差异,更要关注AL的增长速度。

成年近视患者眼轴长度与眼部生物学特征的相关性研究

目的对比不同眼轴长度(AL)成年近视患者的眼部生物学测量结果,探讨AL与其他眼部生物学参数之间的相关性。方法收集2021年1月至12月在我院就诊的413例(826眼)成年近视患者的病例资料,根据AL分为四组:A组(102眼)AL<24 mm,B组(181眼)AL 24~<25 mm,C组(288眼)AL 25~<26 mm,D组(255眼)AL≥26 mm。测量所有患者的AL、平均角膜曲率(Km)、角膜曲率半径(CR)、前房深度(ACD)、中央角膜厚度(CCT),计算AL/CR。比较不同AL近视患者眼部生物学测量结果的差异;并采用Pearson相关或Spearman秩相关分析AL与其他眼部生物学参数的相关性。结果四组患者的Km、AL/CR、ACD、SE及CCT比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AL与AL/CR、ACD呈正相关(r=0.607、0.359,P<0.001);AL与Km呈负相关(r=-0.658,P<0.001)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,AL与SE呈负相关(r=-0.656,P<0.001);AL与CCT呈正相关(r=0.145,P<0.001)。结论AL与近视患者眼部生物学参数相关,随着AL的增长,Km降低,AL/CR增加,ACD变深,SE降低,CCT增厚。

建立云南玉溪地区健康人群血小板生物参考区间标准研究

目的建立并验证云南玉溪地区健康人群外周血血小板相关参数的生物参考区间标准,为临床诊疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2020年8月-2021年7月玉溪市人民医院行血常规健康体检人群的PLT计数及相关参数,建立云南玉溪地区健康人群生物参考区间的新标准,对比验证新标准与原有行业标准在玉溪地区的适用性。结果云南玉溪地区PLT计数及相关参数存在性别、季节和年龄段差异,新建立的PLT参数生物参考区间标准与行业标准存在差异,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经验证新建立的参考区间标准更能真实反映玉溪地区健康人群PLT参数状况。结论云南玉溪地区PLT计数及相关参数受性别、季节和年龄段的影响,新建立的血小板生物参考区间标准更适用于云南玉溪地区人群诊疗。

酵母对锈赤扁谷盗羽化、发育历期、成虫体重、雌雄比及引诱行为的影响

锈赤扁谷盗喜食含酵母的食物,且添加酵母可增加锈赤扁谷盗种群数量。为明确酵母对锈赤扁谷盗生长繁殖和行为调控的影响,研究测定了取食含不同浓度活性酵母和灭活酵母食物的锈赤扁谷盗发育历期、羽化成虫数量、初羽化体重、雌雄比以及成虫体重增长率等生物学参数;利用四臂嗅觉仪比较了活性、灭活酵母和酵母提取物及其挥发物对锈赤扁谷盗的引诱力,及利用GC-MS分析3种酵母挥发物组分。结果表明,活性酵母和灭活酵母处理锈赤扁谷盗羽化成虫数量显著高于对照;添加活性酵母、灭活酵母均可缩短锈赤扁谷盗的发育历期;添加灭活酵母可显著提高羽化雌成虫比例和初羽化雌成虫的体重增长率。锈赤扁谷盗对灭活酵母具有较强的偏好性,这可能与灭活酵母挥发物中特有的二丁基化羟基甲苯等11种化合物有关。因此,摄取的酵母可能主要为锈赤扁谷盗提供营养物质,灭活酵母更适合作为锈赤扁谷盗生长发育的营养源;灭活酵母及其挥发物对锈赤扁谷盗具有较高的引诱作用。

高频聚焦超声声场和温度场的仿真研究

为探究临床常用的7 MHz高频聚焦超声在多层生物组织中的声传播以及毫秒级时间内的生物传热规律问题,基于Westervelt方程和Pennes传热方程,使用有限元方法建立高频聚焦超声辐照多层组织的非线性热黏性声传播及传热模型。首先分析了线性模型和非线性模型之间的差异,然后在非线性模型下探究换能器的参数对声场和温度场的影响。仿真结果显示:在7 MHz频率下,当换能器输出声功率超过5 W时,声波传播的非线性效应不可忽视(p<0.05);当声功率从5 W增大到15 W时,非线性模型与线性模型预测的温度偏差从20%增加到34.703%;高频聚焦超声波的非线性行为比低频更加显著,基频能量向高次谐波转移的程度增大,声功率为10 W和15 W时4次谐波与基波之比分别达到7.33%和12.12%;高频换能器参数的改变对组织中声场和温度场分布的影响较大,换能器焦距从12 mm减小到11.2 mm,焦点处最高温度增加了77%。结果表明,7 MHz聚焦超声的非线性声传播需要考虑到4次谐波的影响。该文提出的多层组织非线性仿真模型可为高频聚焦超声换能器参数优化及制定安全、有效的术前治疗方案提供理论参考。

The Influence of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Life Table and Reproductive Parameters by Applying Si on Bean at Library Condition

Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the important pests of bean, which can cause severe damages on it. Silicon is one of the micronutrient elements, as its spray on the leaves can decrease the population of the pest. In this research, the impact of four different doses of Si (0, 1, 1/5, 2 ppm) was investigated on biological and population growth parameters of T. urticae. The experiments were carried out in Petri dishes in an incubator at 25°C ± 2°C, 65% ± 5% RH and 16 L: 8 D. The duration of developmental stage was significantly affected by Si dose. The longest immature period, the shortest longevity of females and the shortest oviposition period were obtained at 2 ppm. In addition, Si dose significantly affected population growth parameters of the mite. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of the mite ranged from 0.246 to 0.215 day which lowest and the highest values were at 2 ppm and control plants, respectively. The lowest net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) of the mite and the highest value of mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) were estimated at 2 ppm. The results of this peruse represented that 2 ppm had better potential for decreasing the population of the two-spotted spider mite, and it can be used in the mite integrated pest management programs.