This scoping review aims(1)to map the literature dealing with neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects of back problems in athletes in order to identify valid risk-factors for their prevention,plus(2)to identify g...This scoping review aims(1)to map the literature dealing with neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects of back problems in athletes in order to identify valid risk-factors for their prevention,plus(2)to identify gaps in the existing research and propose suggestions for future studies.A literature search conducted with Scopus,Web of Science,MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was completed by Elsevier,SpringerLink and Google Scholar.The main neurophysiological risk factors identified leading to back problems in athletes are neuromuscular imbalance,increased muscle fatigability,muscle dysfunction and impaired motor control,whilst biomechanical risk factors include maladaptive spinal,spinopelvic and lower limb kinematics,side-to-side imbalances in axial strength and hip rotation range of motion,spinal overloading and deficits in movement pattern.However,most studies focused on back pain in the lumbar region,whereas less attention has been paid to thoracic and cervical spine problems.The range of sports where this topic has been studied is relatively small.There is a lack of research in sports in which the core muscles are highly involved in specific movements such as lifting weights or trunk rotations.A limited number of studies include female athletes and master athletes of both genders.In addition to chronic back pain patients,it is equally important to conduct research on healthy athletes with a predisposition to spine problems.Investigators should focus their empirical work on identifying modifiable risk factors,predict which athletes are at risk for back problems,and develop personalized sport-specific assessment tools and targeted prevention strategies for them.展开更多
目的利用计算机仿真技术模拟发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of the hip,DDH)患儿不同股骨颈前倾角时股骨的应力分布,以明确DDH患儿股骨颈前倾角矫正的意义,并指导手术方案的制定。方法回顾性分析2021年6月在山西省儿童医...目的利用计算机仿真技术模拟发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of the hip,DDH)患儿不同股骨颈前倾角时股骨的应力分布,以明确DDH患儿股骨颈前倾角矫正的意义,并指导手术方案的制定。方法回顾性分析2021年6月在山西省儿童医院骨科住院治疗的1例右侧DDH患儿影像学资料。患儿女,6岁,提取正常侧(左侧)髋关节股骨扫描数据,通过三维CT扫描重建股骨三维模型,分别设计股骨颈前倾角35°、25°、15°时的力学仿真模型,通过有限元软件进行仿真计算,观察不同股骨颈前倾角度时股骨的生物力学分布。结果DDH患儿股骨三维模型上股骨颈前倾角为35°、25°、15°时股骨模型受到的最大应力分别为21.18 MPa、17.36 MPa、9.85 MPa。股骨颈前倾角为35°时,股骨干应力集中;股骨颈前倾角为25°时,股骨远端骨骺的应力降低25%;股骨颈前倾角为15°时,股骨应力主要集中在股骨头颈至股骨干上段。股骨颈前倾角为35°时,位移大于1 mm的区间是股骨头至股骨干中段;股骨颈前倾角为25°时,位移大于1 mm的区间是股骨头至股骨干中上端;股骨颈前倾角为15°时,位移大于1 mm的区间是股骨头至股骨颈。股骨颈前倾角为35°、25°、15°时其股骨远端骨骺的最大位移分别为0.0041 mm、0.0018 mm、0.0012 mm。结论股骨颈前倾角对DDH患儿的股骨力学有着重要影响。股骨的应力分布随着股骨颈前倾角改变而改变,股骨颈前倾角度增大,股骨干应力逐渐增加,在股骨干位置出现应力集中现象;股骨颈前倾角越大,应力传递在股骨干区域受到的遮挡效应越大,股骨远端骨骺在横断面的变形也增加。股骨颈前倾角为15°时股骨应力分布较为理想。展开更多
新生儿的出生体质量可用于衡量胎儿宫内营养状况,也与妊娠结局密切相关。随着新生儿出生体质量的增加,分娩期新生儿和母体的致伤、致残、致死风险逐渐增高,新生儿成年期心血管疾病及代谢性疾病发病风险也增加。因此,提高对巨大儿的风险...新生儿的出生体质量可用于衡量胎儿宫内营养状况,也与妊娠结局密切相关。随着新生儿出生体质量的增加,分娩期新生儿和母体的致伤、致残、致死风险逐渐增高,新生儿成年期心血管疾病及代谢性疾病发病风险也增加。因此,提高对巨大儿的风险认识,降低巨大儿的发生率非常必要,也是提高妊娠期保健质量的重要方面。孕妇的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和妊娠期体质量增加(gestational weight gain,GWG)是衡量孕妇营养状况的指标,肥胖、BMI过高、GWG过度导致巨大儿、大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age infant,LGA)发生风险增加。孕妇营养是新生儿出生体质量的重要影响因素,可以通过人为方式进行干预。孕妇在妊娠前、妊娠期适量摄入营养可减少巨大儿的出生率。展开更多
盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是一种由多因素介导的骨盆支持结构减弱引起的疾病,其主要危险因素是多胎妊娠和阴道分娩,然而POP的病理生理学过程目前尚不清楚。手术是治疗中重度POP的主要方法之一,与子宫骶韧带(uterosacral ...盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是一种由多因素介导的骨盆支持结构减弱引起的疾病,其主要危险因素是多胎妊娠和阴道分娩,然而POP的病理生理学过程目前尚不清楚。手术是治疗中重度POP的主要方法之一,与子宫骶韧带(uterosacral ligament,USL)相关的术式对恢复顶端支持具有重要作用,且手术成功率高。然而,术后复发和并发症的发生风险依然存在,这主要是因为术者对USL的解剖组织学和生物力学知识缺乏足够了解。准确认识USL的解剖位置和组织构成不仅有助于寻找USL最适合悬吊的位点,还可以避免术中损伤邻近的器官组织,如输尿管、直肠和神经血管等。此外,对USL各部分生物力学性能的全面认识还可以为POP发病机制的研究、预防策略和个性化手术的制定提出新的解决办法。展开更多
Regional pressure differences between sites within the left ventricular cavity have long been identified,and the potential clinical value of diastolic and systolic intraventricular pressure differences(IVPDs)is of inc...Regional pressure differences between sites within the left ventricular cavity have long been identified,and the potential clinical value of diastolic and systolic intraventricular pressure differences(IVPDs)is of increasing interest.This study concluded that the IVPD plays an important role in ventricular filling and emptying and is a reliable indicator of ventricular relaxation,elastic recoil,diastolic pumping,and effective left ventricular filling.Relative pressure imaging,as a novel and potentially clinically applicable measure of left IVPDs,enables early and more comprehensive identification of the temporal and spatial characteristics of IVPD.In the future,as research related to relative pressure imaging continues,this measurement method has the possibility to become more refined and serve as an additional clinical aid that can replace the gold standard cardiac catheterization technique for the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction.展开更多
基金supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education,Science,Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (No.1/0089/20 and 1/0725/23)the Slovak Research and Development Agency (No.APVV-15-0704)+1 种基金the Cross-border Co-operation Programme INTERREG V-A SK-CZ/2018/06 (No.NFP 304011P714)INTERREG V-A SK-CZ/2020/12 (No.NFP304010AYX7)co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund.
文摘This scoping review aims(1)to map the literature dealing with neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects of back problems in athletes in order to identify valid risk-factors for their prevention,plus(2)to identify gaps in the existing research and propose suggestions for future studies.A literature search conducted with Scopus,Web of Science,MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was completed by Elsevier,SpringerLink and Google Scholar.The main neurophysiological risk factors identified leading to back problems in athletes are neuromuscular imbalance,increased muscle fatigability,muscle dysfunction and impaired motor control,whilst biomechanical risk factors include maladaptive spinal,spinopelvic and lower limb kinematics,side-to-side imbalances in axial strength and hip rotation range of motion,spinal overloading and deficits in movement pattern.However,most studies focused on back pain in the lumbar region,whereas less attention has been paid to thoracic and cervical spine problems.The range of sports where this topic has been studied is relatively small.There is a lack of research in sports in which the core muscles are highly involved in specific movements such as lifting weights or trunk rotations.A limited number of studies include female athletes and master athletes of both genders.In addition to chronic back pain patients,it is equally important to conduct research on healthy athletes with a predisposition to spine problems.Investigators should focus their empirical work on identifying modifiable risk factors,predict which athletes are at risk for back problems,and develop personalized sport-specific assessment tools and targeted prevention strategies for them.
文摘新生儿的出生体质量可用于衡量胎儿宫内营养状况,也与妊娠结局密切相关。随着新生儿出生体质量的增加,分娩期新生儿和母体的致伤、致残、致死风险逐渐增高,新生儿成年期心血管疾病及代谢性疾病发病风险也增加。因此,提高对巨大儿的风险认识,降低巨大儿的发生率非常必要,也是提高妊娠期保健质量的重要方面。孕妇的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和妊娠期体质量增加(gestational weight gain,GWG)是衡量孕妇营养状况的指标,肥胖、BMI过高、GWG过度导致巨大儿、大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age infant,LGA)发生风险增加。孕妇营养是新生儿出生体质量的重要影响因素,可以通过人为方式进行干预。孕妇在妊娠前、妊娠期适量摄入营养可减少巨大儿的出生率。
文摘盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是一种由多因素介导的骨盆支持结构减弱引起的疾病,其主要危险因素是多胎妊娠和阴道分娩,然而POP的病理生理学过程目前尚不清楚。手术是治疗中重度POP的主要方法之一,与子宫骶韧带(uterosacral ligament,USL)相关的术式对恢复顶端支持具有重要作用,且手术成功率高。然而,术后复发和并发症的发生风险依然存在,这主要是因为术者对USL的解剖组织学和生物力学知识缺乏足够了解。准确认识USL的解剖位置和组织构成不仅有助于寻找USL最适合悬吊的位点,还可以避免术中损伤邻近的器官组织,如输尿管、直肠和神经血管等。此外,对USL各部分生物力学性能的全面认识还可以为POP发病机制的研究、预防策略和个性化手术的制定提出新的解决办法。
文摘Regional pressure differences between sites within the left ventricular cavity have long been identified,and the potential clinical value of diastolic and systolic intraventricular pressure differences(IVPDs)is of increasing interest.This study concluded that the IVPD plays an important role in ventricular filling and emptying and is a reliable indicator of ventricular relaxation,elastic recoil,diastolic pumping,and effective left ventricular filling.Relative pressure imaging,as a novel and potentially clinically applicable measure of left IVPDs,enables early and more comprehensive identification of the temporal and spatial characteristics of IVPD.In the future,as research related to relative pressure imaging continues,this measurement method has the possibility to become more refined and serve as an additional clinical aid that can replace the gold standard cardiac catheterization technique for the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction.
