Biophysics inspired artificial intelligence for colorectal cancer characterization

Over the last ten years artificial intelligence(AI)methods have begun to pervade even the most common everyday tasks such as email filtering and mobile banking.While the necessary quality and safety standards may have understandably slowed the introduction of AI to healthcare when compared with other industries,we are now beginning to see AI methods becoming more available to the clinician in select settings.In this paper we discuss current AI methods as they pertain to gastrointestinal procedures including both gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery.The current state of the art for polyp detection in gastroenterology is explored with a particular focus on deep leaning,its strengths,as well as some of the factors that may limit its application to the field of surgery.The use of biophysics(utilizing physics to study and explain biological phenomena)in combination with more traditional machine learning is also discussed and proposed as an alternative approach that may solve some of the challenges associated with deep learning.Past and present uses of biophysics inspired AI methods,such as the use of fluorescence guided surgery to aid in the characterization of colorectal lesions,are used to illustrate the role biophysicsinspired AI can play in the exciting future of the gastrointestinal proceduralist.

3-33 Sweet Sorghum Industrialization and Research Progress of Biophysics Group at IMP

IMP has established an industrial chain based on circular economy to develop various biological products and nice feed for cattle since 2010. So far, the planting scale of sweet sorghum has been nearly to 1 million Chinese mu in Gansu Province. According to developmental plan of sweet sorghum industrialization in local government, sweet sorghum will be planted to 5 million mu in Gansu Province in 2020, forming the circular economy industrial chain valued as hundred billion yuan. In 2015, IMP received an award named Innovation Award of Industry University Research Cooperation in China for their promoted progress of Sweet sorghum industrial chain.

Foreword to the Special Issue on Optical Technologies in Biophysics and Medicine

We are pleased to present the third issue of JIOHS,which focuses on optical technologies of diagnosticsand therapy,These are selected papers presented during Saratov Fall Meeting,1t International Sym-posium on Optics and Biophotonics(September 24-28,2013,Saratov,Russia)in the framework of the Workshops:"Optical Technologies in Biophysics_and Medicine,"Nanobiophotonics,"and"Internet Biophotonics."

The Biophysics Is a Borderland Science

Biophysics as an immense spectrum comprehended by one of the most commonly applied borderland mental process embracing from the nature,through living systems up to spiritual processes brings it along inevitable that the reader will join issue here and there with the deductions of this book but in actual fact it was just one of the goals of this work.To get hold of the biophysical view is not an easy task,because it applies mathematical apparatus to biological systems;on the other hand as a reward it guides to fascinating results,recognizing theoretically which conformity of rules are valid on principle in the Universe in the inanimate-living-spiritual triple system from the lowest to the highest organizational level.In this way one can make up the reader’s claim to consider systematically those problems arising from the various fields of science and life in the countless variety of interrelations and in their very different consequences.

Evolutionary history shapes variation of wood density of tree species across the world

The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been tested.Using a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree species.We assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global wood density variation.We found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic signal.Wood density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into account.When angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 18.6%for gymnosperms.Our study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.

Factors Influencing the Spatial Variability of Air Temperature Urban Heat Island Intensity in Chinese Cities

Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island(AUHI)and its controlling factors.In this study,the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spatial variations of the AUHI across China and the underlying climate and ecological drivers.A total of 355 urban clusters were used.We performed an attribution analysis of the AUHI to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its formation.The results show that the midday AUHI is negatively correlated with climate wetness(humid:0.34 K;semi-humid:0.50 K;semi-arid:0.73 K).The annual mean midnight AUHI does not show discernible spatial patterns,but is generally stronger than the midday AUHI.The urban–rural difference in convection efficiency is the largest contributor to the midday AUHI in the humid(0.32±0.09 K)and the semi-arid(0.36±0.11 K)climate zones.The release of anthropogenic heat from urban land is the dominant contributor to the midnight AUHI in all three climate zones.The rural vegetation density is the most important driver of the daytime and nighttime AUHI spatial variations.A spatial covariance analysis revealed that this vegetation influence is manifested mainly through its regulation of heat storage in rural land.

The Role of Certificates and Labels for Cocoa in the Face of Climate Change: A Scientific Review

Climate change threatens cocoa quality, raising concerns regarding sustainable premium cocoa production. Evaluating the effectiveness of certification standards is imperative to address this concern effectively. A multi-stage method was employed for a systematic review of 39 peer-reviewed articles to highlight the impacts of climate change on the biophysical environment of cocoa and its implications for adapting Geographical Indications (GIs). Additionally, a comprehensive review was conducted on climate-relevant standards of certificates in Ecuador, Indonesia, and Ghana. The findings of this study provide practical insights into possible difficulties that cocoa-producing countries may encounter in maintaining the distinctive flavours and quality trademarks of cocoa in the face of changing climate. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need for producer countries to prioritize viable adaptation and product differentiation strategies that meet sustainable marketing standards to protect GIs or place-based intellectual property. Furthermore, the findings indicate certificates require effective multi-level climate change management and environmental-social-governance principles that promote scientifically proven mitigation strategies, such as increasing soil organic carbon, zero deforestation, and reducing emissions while striving to leverage local adaptation policies to reduce location-specific vulnerability. Finally, certificates can accelerate the expansion, intensification, and redistribution of sustainable production for gains that outweigh the inconveniences caused by climate change.

Application of microdosimetry on biological physics for ionizing radiation

Stochastic characterization of radiation interaction is of importance to cell damage. Microdosimetry is to investi- gate the random structures of particle tracks in order to understand the dose-effect in cellular scales. In the review, we introduced the basic concepts of microdosimetry as well as the experimental methods （TEPC） and Monte Carlo simula- tions. Three basic biophysical models are interpreted and compared, including the target model, linear-quadratic model, and microdosimetric-kinetic model. The bottlenecks in the current microdosimetry research are also discussed, which need the interdisciplinary contributions from biology, physics, mathematics, computer science and electric engineering.

Interaction between human telomeric G-quadruplexes characterized by single molecule magnetic tweezers

Human telomeric G-quadruplex plays a crucial role in regulating the genome stability. Despite extensive studies on structures and kinetics of monomeric G-quadruplex, the interaction between G-quadruplexes is still in debate. In this work,we employ magnetic tweezers to investigate the folding and unfolding kinetics of two contiguous G-quadruplexes in 100-mM K~＋buffer. The interaction between G-quadruplexes and the consequent effect on the kinetics of G-quadruplex are revealed. The linker sequence between G-quadruplexes is further found to play an important role in the interaction between two G-quadruplexes. Our results provide a high-resolution insight into kinetics of multimeric G-quadruplexes and genome stability.

Digital surgery for gastroenterological diseases

Advances in machine learning,computer vision and artificial intelligence methods,in combination with those in processing and cloud computing capability,portend the advent of true decision support during interventions in real-time and soon perhaps in automated surgical steps.Such capability,deployed alongside technology intraoperatively,is termed digital surgery and can be delivered without the need for high-end capital robotic investment.An area close to clinical usefulness right now harnesses advances in near infrared endolaparoscopy and fluorescence guidance for tissue characterisation through the use of biophysics-inspired algorithms.This represents a potential synergistic methodology for the deep learning methods currently advancing in ophthalmology,radiology,and recently gastroenterology via colonoscopy.As databanks of more general surgical videos are created,greater analytic insights can be derived across the operative spectrum of gastroenterological disease and operations(including instrumentation and operative step sequencing and recognition,followed over time by surgeon and instrument performance assessment)and linked to value-based outcomes.However,issues of legality,ethics and even morality need consideration,as do the limiting effects of monopolies,cartels and isolated data silos.Furthermore,the role of the surgeon,surgical societies and healthcare institutions in this evolving field needs active deliberation,as the default risks relegation to bystander or passive recipient.This editorial provides insight into this accelerating field by illuminating the nearfuture and next decade evolutionary steps towards widespread clinical integration for patient and societal benefit.

Biomechanics of transendothelial migration by cancer cells

Cancer metastasis is still a major social issue with limited knowledge of the formation of tumors and their growth.In addition the formation of metastases is very difficult to understand,since it involves very complex physical mechanisms such as cellular interactions and cell rheology,which are flow-dependent.Previous studies investigated transendothelial migration using sophisticated techniques such as microfluidics,traction force microscopy(TFM)or Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM),combined with physical modeling.Here we summarize recent results and suggest new ways to investigate the precise mechanisms used by cancer cells to undergo transendothelial migration.

A Network Model on the Processing of Sound Wave

On the base of auditory neural system, the network model on the processing of the sound wave is presented. The mathematic equation of the network is also discussed. In the network model, in addition to the negative feedback of the neural cell in the output layer, the cell in the input layer excites the corresponding cell in the ontput layer meanwhile it inhibits the lateral cells. The network has its advantage on the processing of sound wave. In addition to filter the noise, it can search the significance frequency segments （Barks）. The ＂channel suppresser＂ feature, the special phenomena of the human ear, is explained based on the model. The learning algorithm of the network model is discussed, too. In the end, an example is introduced about the application of the network.

A charge of the erythrocyte test by automated method

New methods of an automated evaluation of the blood rheological parameters: 1) the viscosity, 2) electric conductivity and 3) the charge of erythrocytes have been theoretically and experimentally substantiated by way of registering the Q-factor of the tuned-circuit, containing a capillary with the blood flow. A design of an electronic measuring complex is based on modeling the physical blood conditions in the natural environment.

氨基酸、肽和蛋白质的色谱分析及色谱法制备

CA96(05)30198v J牛肠内钙束缚蛋白质的氨基酸顺序Full-mer,Curtis S.et al.,Dey.Biochem.,1980,363—70,英文CA96(05)30258q J人体钴氨素束缚蛋白质中Apo和Holo间的疏水作用Begley,James A.et al.,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commum,1981,2,434—41,英文CA96(05) 31002p J从混合功能柱中生物专一性的解吸附Yon,

Anti-aging theory of quantum nature and brain reprogramming

As many scientists believe, human aging is a very important part of the program of life-human activity rather than a disease. The human brain may be the controller, performer and participant of the natural program of life-human activity, from birth to death. The program of life-activities of the brain and the human body is very similar to a conventional computer program and it may also be malfunctioning. The work of the natural program of life-activity resembles the work of AI. Each program of life-activity of an individual is repeatedly subjected to natural correction of program tasks in the life of a biophysical being. However, in recent years, scientists from different countries began to seek to reprogram the brain and find the real cause of death. Some biologists and evolutionists believe that this process is nonrandom and that it is controlled by a kind of “death program.” So they call a special set of genes, forcing the body to become decrepit and die, giving way to a new generation of their own kind. The aim of our work is to design new technologies and methods to adjust the life-activity programs from biophysical views, increasing the useful life of bodies by delaying destructive processes and the aging process. Our life-activity program is carried out through the device and IT programs in a mobile application, using contact/contactless frequency code eff ects on the brain, which is decoded and accepted by the human brain for execution (reprogramming), as a natural addition and an integral part of the brain work. Code programs are compiled according to the working algorithms of the Cosmo-terrestrial structure of life-activity of biophysical objects on the planet Earth. Our technology is one of the varieties of brain-computer technology.

Structural Dynamics in Biology: A Bridge Given by Implicit Vibratory Crossed Models

This article proposes a synthesis and contribution at three levels: generation of dynamic equations of shell structures interacting with fluids, reduction of implicit resolution, and cross-applications to aerospace tanks and living systems. The synthesis of the equations is proposed around the four principles of thermodynamics at the level of discrete, structural and digitized systems. The implicit approach envisages an innovative analysis in terms of condensation and digitization, with in particular a perspective towards singular and integral methods. Some illustrations are proposed, in the field of performed research models and also in the fields of educational applications in biodynamics. The proposed bridge links, on one hand, the analytical Lagrange-Feynman’s approach, and on the other hand experimental results obtained in laboratory and numerical experiments obtained with multiphysics software. Finally, the realized models concern conservative and dissipative models for the active and passive control of complex systems, in a unified approach.

AB044.Role of S100A16 and Annexin A4 proteins in maintaining membrane integrity

Background:Maintaining the structural and functional integrity of membranes is essential for proper cells function.A recent proteomic study suggests that S100A16 and Annexin A4(ANXA4)proteins participate to maintain the membrane integrity in the outer segment of the photoreceptors in the eye.The protein S100A16,recently discovered,is one of the S100 family proteins for which no protein and membrane interaction has yet been identified.Furthermore,maintain of the membrane integrity is calcium sensitive process.The main objective consists of studying the membrane interactions of S100A16 and ANXA4 proteins to better understand their functions in maintaining membrane integrity.Specific objectives are:(I)to achieve the purification of these proteins,(II)to gather information on their membrane interactions,and(III)to study the influence of calcium on these interactions.Methods:The S100A16 protein is obtained by cleavage followed by purification on a His-Trap column.Membrane interactions are studied with the Langmuir monolayer model.After measurement of the saturating concentration,the protein binding parameters,that to say the maximum insertion pressure and synergy,will then be determined in the presence of several phospholipids representative of physiological membranes.Results:The S100A16 protein was obtained with a purity greater than 99%and its saturating concentration is 0.5μM.Biophysical studies with different phospholipids in monolayer are currently in progress.Conclusions:Obtaining the S100A16 protein with a high purity allows carrying out the biophysical study in order to understand its membrane interactions.The purification of ANXA4 and the biophysical study with different phospholipids of this protein alone and in complex with the S100A16 protein will allow a better understanding of the membrane behavior of these proteins,as well as their roles in the maintenance of membrane integrity.

Comparison Between Radial Basis Function Neural Network and Regression Model for Estimation of Rice Biophysical Parameters Using Remote Sensing

The radial basis function （RBF） emerged as a variant of artificial neural network. Generalized regression neural network （GRNN） is one type of RBF, and its principal advantages are that it can quickly learn and rapidly converge to the optimal regression surface with large number of data sets. Hyperspectral reflectance （350 to 2500 nm） data were recorded at two different rice sites in two experiment fields with two cultivars, three nitrogen treatments and one plant density （45 plants m^-2）. Stepwise multivariable regression model （SMR） and RBF were used to compare their predictability for the leaf area index （LAI） and green leaf chlorophyll density （GLCD） of rice based on reflectance （R） and its three different transformations, the first derivative reflectance （D1）, the second derivative reflectance （D2） and the log-transformed reflectance （LOG）. GRNN based on D1 was the best model for the prediction of rice LAI and CLCD. The relationships between different transformations of reflectance and rice parameters could be further improved when RBF was employed. Owing to its strong capacity for nonlinear mapping and good robustness, GRNN could maximize the sensitivity to chlorophyll content using D1. It is concluded that RBF may provide a useful exploratory and predictive tool for the estimation of rice biophysical parameters.

Research Progress on Evaluation Frameworks of Regional Ecological Sustainability

As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable devel-opment,the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achievement of regional sustainable development.It is also the final criteria to assess whether sustainable development paradigm is successful.Along with the increasing impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems,the evaluation of regional ecological sustainability has become one of the key issues for research on macro ecology and sustainable development.Based on different unit of indicators,this study firstly groups the evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sus-tainability into three major types:comprehensive index evaluation with dimensionless unit,monetary valuation,and biophysical quantity measurement.We then discuss and compare these types in terms of basic principles,scope of ap-plications,advantages and shortcomings.Finally,drawn on the discussion about characteristics of ecological sustain-ability,we outline the current trend and future directions of regional ecological sustainability evaluation,for instance,transition from sustainable development evaluation to sustainability science,integration of goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches,combination of spatial pattern analysis and ecological sustainability evaluation,and en-hancement of ecological sustainability evaluation at landscape scale.

Extracellular matrix and biomimetic engineering microenvironment for neuronal differentiation

Extracellular matrix(ECM)influences cell differentiation through its structural and biochemical properties.In nervous system,neuronal behavior is influenced by these ECMs structures which are present in a meshwork,fibrous,or tubular forms encompassing specific molecular compositions.In addition to contact guidance,ECM composition and structures also exert its effect on neuronal differentiation.This short report reviewed the native ECM structure and composition in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system,and their impact on neural regeneration and neuronal differentiation.Using topographies,stem cells have been differentiated to neurons.Further,focussing on engineered biomimicking topographies,we highlighted the role of anisotropic topographies in stem cell differentiation to neurons and its recent temporal application for efficient neuronal differentiation.