Blood vessels constitute a closed pipe system distributed throughout the body,transporting blood from the heart to other organs and delivering metabolic waste products back to the lungs and kidneys.Changes in blood ve...Blood vessels constitute a closed pipe system distributed throughout the body,transporting blood from the heart to other organs and delivering metabolic waste products back to the lungs and kidneys.Changes in blood vessels are related to many disorders like stroke,myocardial infarction,aneurysm,and diabetes,which are important causes of death worldwide.Translational research for new appro-aches to disease modeling and effective treatment is needed due to the huge socio-economic burden on healthcare systems.Although mice or rats have been widely used,applying data from animal studies to human-specific vascular physiology and pathology is difficult.The rise of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)provides a reliable in vitro resource for disease modeling,regenerative medicine,and drug discovery because they carry all human genetic information and have the ability to directionally differentiate into any type of human cells.This review summarizes the latest progress from the establishment of iPSCs,the strategies for differentiating iPSCs into vascular cells,and the in vivo trans-plantation of these vascular derivatives.It also introduces the application of these technologies in disease modeling,drug screening,and regenerative medicine.Additionally,the application of high-tech tools,such as omics analysis and high-throughput sequencing,in this field is reviewed.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease serves as the leading cause of death worldwide,with stenosis,occlusion,or severe dysfunction of blood vessels being its pathophysiological mechanism.Vascular replacement is the preferred surgica...Cardiovascular disease serves as the leading cause of death worldwide,with stenosis,occlusion,or severe dysfunction of blood vessels being its pathophysiological mechanism.Vascular replacement is the preferred surgical option for treating obstructed vascular structures.Due to the limited availability of healthy autologous vessels as well as the incidence of postoperative complications,there is an increasing demand for artificial blood vessels.From synthetic to natural,or a mixture of these components,numerous materials have been used to prepare artificial vascular grafts.Although synthetic grafts are more appropriate for use in medium to large-diameter vessels,they fail when replacing small-diameter vessels.Tissue-engineered vascular grafts are very likely to be an ideal alternative to autologous grafts in small-diameter vessels and are worthy of further investigation.However,a multitude of problems remain that must be resolved before they can be used in biomedical applications.Accordingly,this review attempts to describe these problems and provide a discussion of the generation of artificial blood vessels.In addition,we deliberate on current state-of-the-art technologies for creating artificial blood vessels,including advances in materials,fabrication techniques,various methods of surface modification,as well as preclinical and clinical applications.Furthermore,the evaluation of grafts both in vivo and in vitro,mechanical properties,challenges,and directions for further research are also discussed.展开更多
文摘Blood vessels constitute a closed pipe system distributed throughout the body,transporting blood from the heart to other organs and delivering metabolic waste products back to the lungs and kidneys.Changes in blood vessels are related to many disorders like stroke,myocardial infarction,aneurysm,and diabetes,which are important causes of death worldwide.Translational research for new appro-aches to disease modeling and effective treatment is needed due to the huge socio-economic burden on healthcare systems.Although mice or rats have been widely used,applying data from animal studies to human-specific vascular physiology and pathology is difficult.The rise of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)provides a reliable in vitro resource for disease modeling,regenerative medicine,and drug discovery because they carry all human genetic information and have the ability to directionally differentiate into any type of human cells.This review summarizes the latest progress from the establishment of iPSCs,the strategies for differentiating iPSCs into vascular cells,and the in vivo trans-plantation of these vascular derivatives.It also introduces the application of these technologies in disease modeling,drug screening,and regenerative medicine.Additionally,the application of high-tech tools,such as omics analysis and high-throughput sequencing,in this field is reviewed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873529)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2020CFA022).
文摘Cardiovascular disease serves as the leading cause of death worldwide,with stenosis,occlusion,or severe dysfunction of blood vessels being its pathophysiological mechanism.Vascular replacement is the preferred surgical option for treating obstructed vascular structures.Due to the limited availability of healthy autologous vessels as well as the incidence of postoperative complications,there is an increasing demand for artificial blood vessels.From synthetic to natural,or a mixture of these components,numerous materials have been used to prepare artificial vascular grafts.Although synthetic grafts are more appropriate for use in medium to large-diameter vessels,they fail when replacing small-diameter vessels.Tissue-engineered vascular grafts are very likely to be an ideal alternative to autologous grafts in small-diameter vessels and are worthy of further investigation.However,a multitude of problems remain that must be resolved before they can be used in biomedical applications.Accordingly,this review attempts to describe these problems and provide a discussion of the generation of artificial blood vessels.In addition,we deliberate on current state-of-the-art technologies for creating artificial blood vessels,including advances in materials,fabrication techniques,various methods of surface modification,as well as preclinical and clinical applications.Furthermore,the evaluation of grafts both in vivo and in vitro,mechanical properties,challenges,and directions for further research are also discussed.
