An Evaluation of the Coupling Coordination of Technological Innovation System in China’s Marine Biopharmaceutical Industry

The marine biopharmaceutical industry(MBI)has been considered as an important part of the blue economy.The high-quality development of this industry depends on the high-level coordinated development of technological innovation system(TIS).In the present study,the coupling mechanism of industrial innovation input subsystem and innovation output subsystem was analyzed for the first time.On this basis,the development level and coupling coordination level of TIS in China’s MBI during 2008-2018 were empirically evaluated with the capacity coupling coordination model.Then,the obstacle factors were diagnosed and recognized with the obstacle model.The results showed that the innovation input index fluctuated at a low level in China’s MBI.The innovation output index has basically maintained a growth trend,whereas the quality of development was not high.Although the coupling coordination level of TIS showed a positive change as mild disordered→primary coordinated→well-coordinated,the development type of innovation system has changed from the lagging output of innovation into the lagging input of innovation.Insufficient input of innovation factors remained the main obstacle to the improvement of coordination level.Based on the above analysis,suggestions were put forward from the perspectives of policy and fund guarantees to improve the coupling coordination level in China’s MBI.

Success Factors of Biotechnology Industry Based on Triangular Fuzzy Number

Based on the theory of competitive advantage and value chain, this paper establishes the indicator system, and develop the strategic framework using the fuzzy Delphi method. Then the triangular fuzzy number model is established using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, and the key factors influencing biotechnology industry are extracted. The results show that in terms of weight, the key factors influencing the success of biotechnology industry are sequenced as follows: "open innovation capacity", "quality and cost control ability", "advanced customer-oriented product manufacturing capacity", "technology R & D personnel's capacity", "brand image building capacity", "logistics and sales capacity", "grasping the market demand trends". The manufacturers and government decision-making body can use this as the basis, to promote the development of the biotechnology industry.

Industry dynamics in biotechnology

The field of modern biotechnology is thought to have largely begun in 1980, when the United States Supreme Court ruled that a genetically-modified microorganism could be patented. The growth of the Biotechnology industry has stimulated extensive research on its determinants. One of the areas which has attracted a fair amount of attention is the distribution of firm size within an industry. What is less known however, is the dynamics of firm size. This paper considers a statistical model to describe the spatial dynamics of firm size across the biotechnology industry. It is found that firm size fluctuates around its long run stationary equilibrium according to a temporal drift and random disturbance. The empirical results illustrate that diffusion is a potential technique for the analysis of spatial dynamics of firm size.

The Two Cultures of Science: Implications for University-Industry Relationships in the U.S. Agriculture Biotechnology

Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visibility. In addition, in the last few decades, public and private interests have advocated for government policies and laws to globally promote the commercialization of university science. This paper examines the persistence or convergence of the two cultures of science and the implications of this commercialization for university-industry relationships in agriculture biotechnology. The perceptions and values of over 200 U.S. university and industry scientists, managers and administrators who participate in or oversee research collaborations in agricultural biotechnology were analyzed. The findings revealed that the participants in these research relationships continue to perceive very distinct cultures of science and identify a wide range of concerns and disadvantages of these partnerships. Several actions were discussed to ensure that the two cultures serve complementary roles and that they maximize the public benefits from these increasing collaborations.

Application of Industry： A AHP Method to Technolo Selection for Emerging Case Study of Chinese Biotechnology Enterprises

Selecting the promising technologies to incorporate in new products is challenging for enterprises, especially for those who compete in emerging high-technology industries. By integrating external factor evaluation （EFE） and internal factor evaluation （1FE） matrix, this study proposes a new technology selection method. The proposed fi＇am^work is applied to a real technology selection problem faced by a bio-technology enterprise in the context of China＇ s economic, political and social environment. Two major aspects and 24 external/internal factors are determined. This study uses analytic hierarchy process （AHP） method to sort the information and derives weights of each criterion. Empirical results indicate that the candidate technology is promising, and shall be developed as one of the enterprise＇s primary products.

Analysis of Technological Opportunities in Liaoning Biopharmaceutical Industry from the Perspective of Innovation Subject

Objective To provide suggestions for supporting the key innovation subjects in Liaoning biopharmaceutical industry and selecting high quality cooperation partners from other provinces and cities.Methods Through statistical analysis of the invention patent data of biological pharmaceutical industry in Liaoning Province and other provinces,Excel was used to draw charts and to identify technical opportunities and other provinces.Then the innovation subjects in Liaoning Province and other provinces were studied separately to realize these opportunities.That is,the high quality partners from other provinces were selected for key innovative subjects in Liaoning Province.Results and Conclusion The key innovation subjects in the core technology field of Liaoning biopharmaceutical industry are Shenyang Agricultural University and Dalian University of Technology,which can be supported by emphasis.Their high quality partners in Beijing,Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province are China Agricultural University,Jiangnan University and South China Agricultural University respectively.

Research on the Status Quo and Countermeasures of Patent Application in Liaoning Biopharmaceutical Industry Based on Patent Map

Objective To study the patent map and the relevant theories of the patent development of biopharmaceutical industry for conducting a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the problems in patent application in Liaoning biopharmaceutical industry.Methods Literature review,information visualization method,empirical analysis method and comparative analysis method were used to research the problems in the patent application.Results and Conclusion While developing biopharmaceutical industry,Liaoning provincial government should strengthen the protection of pharmaceutical patents,creating a new R&D mode of“university+research institutes+enterprises+individuals”to broaden the scope of technical fields.Then,its biopharmaceutical industry will be developed in an all-round way.Besides,it should closely follow the national development direction so that the biopharmaceutical industry in Liaoning Province will have a bright future.

Estimating the Three-Stage Cost Malmquist Productivity Index in the Taiwan Biotech and Biopharmaceutical Industry

This paper estimates and decomposes the output-oriented three-stage cost Malmquist productivity index of the Taiwan Residents biotech and biopharmaceutical （B＆BP） industry in 2004-2007 periods. The empirical estimations proceed in three stages. Following the methodology of Yang and Huang （2009） with the assumption of variable return to scale （VRS） in the first stage, the original cost Malmquist productivity index （CM） is decomposed into five sources of productivity change： pure technical efficiency change, technical change, allocative efficiency change （AEC）, input-price effect, and cost scale efficiency change. The method of Yang and Huang （2009） is an excellent contribution, but it did not deal with the exogenous environmental variables and noises. In the second stage, the original input variables are adjusted by the exogenous environmental variables. Finally, adjusted input variables produced by the second stage are reused for obtaining the reality of CM in the third stage.

SEAWEED CULTIVATION: A NEW APPLIED FIELD FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY

Seaweeds cultivation has resulted in great achievements, although it has a history ofonly a few decades. With higher productivity and resulting higher profit, it has become the leading marineexploitation industry with the brightest prospects. The relatively limited species introduced for commercialcultivation showed great biological diversity. Introduction of selected good strains for tradtional cultivationand the transformation from cultivation of mixed stains to that of pure cell lines are two certain tendenciesin the future. Pure line cultivation of seaweeds is a sort of advanced biotechnology. It provides new op-portunities for not only the industry itself, but also the stable market of high quality natural marine prod-ucts. More work should be done on principles and methods to obtain optimal results for the combinationof pure line cultivation techniques with advanced biochemistry. The Programmed batch production of finechemicals such as polysaccharides and proteins will probably become the social demand.

Biotechnology Development Status and Prospects

In current world, with the rapid development of science and technology and emerging new and interdisciplinary science, technological progress is having extensive and profound impact on the economic and social aspects. Along with the wave of information technology revolution, life sciences and biotechnology are showing the developing prospect of unlimited possibilities. More and more people have foreseen the arrival of a new era of life sciences, which has important impact on science and technology development, social progress and economic growth.

Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development in Hunan

Recent agricultural biotechnology research and advances in the province are reviewed. Targets and practices for biotechnological development in depth are discussed, with 'Stress on the talent's training, new techniques' establishment and its industrialization, starting from the existing level and problems in the field in the province.

The Effects of Disruptive Thinking on the Food Industry*

This study aimed to understand disruptive thinking and how its ideas can change the food industry. This was achieved by identifying, studying, and understanding the impacts, current trends, and different disruptive ideas and innovations emerging in the food industry. The study was conducted through interpretive research philosophy by carrying out secondary data collection processes, where both qualitative and quantitative information was presented. Deductive approaches were also selected to apply existing theories and models, which were used to construct research hypotheses and present detailed findings. The study finds that, with disruptive thinking, enhancements in the product life cycle, new flavors, and improvements in food packaging have been possible. The supply chain, which is always considered a complex part of the food industry, has been streamlined, offering greater transparency and real-time tracking and improving quality control across distribution systems.

Development Trajectories in the Biotechnology Industry:China versus Leading Countries

The present paper examines China＇s biotechnology industry from a global perspective and explores how its development trajectory differs from that of countries that are leaders in biotechnology. We draw on diverse data to demonstrate the unique development trajectory of the industry in China. China has benefited through targeted spin-offs of R＆D-oriented foreign direct investment from developed countries driven by the effects of globalization, government-encouraged collaboration between the domestic academia and industry, and the input of overseas returnees. Together with an increasing focus of the government and domestic enterprises on independent innovation, such developments have enabled China to catch up with the global biotechnology industry. However, its small scale and low capacity for commercializing innovations under China ＂s current regulations and other barriers pose challenges for the development of the industry. Suggestions for the sustainable development of China＇s biotechnology industry are presented in this study.

Bioreactor control systems in the biopharmaceutical industry:a critical perspective

Industrial-scale bioprocessing underpins much of the production of pharmaceuticals,nutraceuticals,food,and beverage processing industries of the modern world.The proftability of these processes increasingly leverages the economies of scale and scope that are critically dependent on the product yields,titers,and productivity.Most of the processes are controlled using classical control approaches and represent over 90%of the industrial controls used in bioprocessing industries.However,with the advances in the production processes,especially in the biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries,monitoring and control of bioprocesses such as fermentations with GMO organisms,and downstream processing has become increasingly complex and the inadequacies of the classical and some of the modern control systems techniques is becoming apparent.Therefore,with increasing research complexity,nonlinearity,and digitization in process,there has been a critical need for advanced process control that is more efective,and easier process intensifcation and product yield(both by quality and quantity)can be achieved.In this review,industrial aspects of a process and automation along with various commercial control strategies have been extensively discussed to give an insight into the future prospects of industrial development and possible new strategies for process control and automation with a special focus on the biopharmaceutical industry.

食用菌产业:一个原则 一种模式

食用菌是大型真菌的子实体。它们是异养生物,必须从基质中获得所有的营养需求。食用菌栽培以木质纤维素为基质,它们是农林产业副产品。这些木质纤维素材料与真菌结合后就在生物世界创造一些特殊的东西。因为食用菌的细胞壁含有几丁质而不是纤维素,所以它们既不是植物也不是动物。最近对一个4.4亿年前的蘑菇化石研究结果表明,蘑菇可能是生活在陆地上最古老的生物。食用菌生物学是一门相对较新的科学学科,它涉及蘑菇科学研究的所有方面。应用食用菌生物学主要是两个领域的研究:一个是关于食用菌生产的食用菌科学,另一个是关于食用菌产品的食用菌生物技术。因此,食用菌科学和食用菌生物技术可以说是食用菌产业的两条腿。应用食用菌生物学的目标就是解决当今世界以及随着人口持续增长,未来世界将持续面临的两个基本问题。这两个问题就是食物和健康,它们紧密相关,并且我们正在试图提供解决方案。

Research on the Countermeasures for the Development of Biopharmaceutical Industrial Parks in China

Objective To systematically analyze the current development status of biopharmaceutical industrial park in China,sort out the problems and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.Methods Relevant literature was searched and reviewed to find out the problems faced by the development of biopharmaceutical industrial parks in China.Results and Conclusion Biopharmaceutical industrial parks are developing rapidly due to their unique industrial clustering advantages,but there are problems such as lack of overall planning at the top level,insufficient government support,imperfect talent support services and weak innovation capacity of the parks.It is recommended to promote the rapid development of biopharmaceutical industrial parks and biopharmaceutical enterprises by strengthening top-level design,increasing government support,focusing on talent introduction,and enhancing the innovative strength of the parks.

服务于“蓝色种业”的海洋生物技术

从我国海洋生物技术三十年来理论实践创新的角度出发,以我国“蓝色种业”的跨越式发展为主题,综述1989年以来中国特色的宏微观结合的海洋生物技术育种创新成果,以及理论联系实际的应用成就。分析有关国际前沿趋势以及中国海水养殖产业持续健康发展的迫切需求,总结面向全球变化的区域响应的精准育种是未来十年国际海水养殖生物技术的发展方向,我国应积极应对、调整部署,为世界规模第一的“蓝色农业”提供精准高效的科技创新供给。

融合STEAM与PBL的中药生物技术课程教学改革探索与实践

为适应新医科对中药专业人才培养的新要求,本文对中药生物技术课程教学现状进行分析,提出了融合STEAM教育理念和PBL教学模式的教学改革措施。通过课前、课中和课后3个阶段,对该教学模式进行改革与实践,并对其实施效果与评价进行研究。通过该教学模式,学生的学习兴趣得到提高,创新思维和实践能力得到锻炼,有助于培养中药学复合型创新专业人才,满足中药产业发展的新需求。

新工科背景下生物制药专业工业微生物课程产教融合研究

生物制药技术是我国医药产业实施绿色改造升级的主要发展方向,也是新工科的重要组成部分。在新工科背景下,生物制药专业课程亟需把生物制药岗位的新技术、新工艺、新规范渗透到教学中,促进学生成为与时俱进的高素质劳动者和技能人才。本文结合新工科背景下生物制药产业的特点,以职业院校生物“工业微生物”课程为实例,深度挖掘产教融合结合点,从研究背景和研究现状等方面展示了产教融合实践研究的必要性,并从研究过程阐述了实施产教融合教学改革的途径,为其他课程改革的研究提供思路。

美国培育发展未来产业的经验研究

未来产业是大国之间角力和竞争的焦点。美国不断加强量子信息科技、人工智能、先进制造、下一代通信网络和生物技术等前沿科技和未来产业发展,不同产业间的主要共性举措主要有:强化政策引导,系统研发布局;部门各司其职,相互协调推进;注重平台建设,产学研紧密融合;加强人才培养,建设多层梯队;推动国际合作,提升产业韧性等,产生了较好效果。中国可从中吸取经验,通过统筹协调、完善生态、搭建平台、培育人才和国际合作等方面持续推动未来产业发展壮大,加快培育和发展新质生产力。