Insights on the molecular mechanism of neuroprotection exerted by edible bird’s nest and its bioactive constituents

Neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with the accumulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Edible bird’s nest(EBN)is a glycoprotein(sialylated mucin glycopeptides)found to be beneficial against neurodegenerative diseases.Antioxidative,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic properties of EBN in preserving neuronal cells were widely researched using in vitro and in vivo models.Functional effects of EBN are often linked to its great number of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory glycopeptides.Bioactive compounds in EBN,especially sialic acid,add value to neurotrophic potential of EBN and contribute to neuronal repair and protection.Various studies reporting the neuroprotective effects of EBN,their molecular mechanisms,and neuroactive composition were gathered in this review to provide better insights on the neuroprotective effects of EBN.

Effects of Sialic Acid from Edible Bird Nest on Cell Viability Associated with Brain Cognitive Performance in Mice

Background:Edible bird nest(EBN)is a natural food product rich in glycoprotein such as sialic acid,which has been reported to improve brain functions.The EBN is widely consumed due to its higher nutritional contents and antioxidant status;however,an interaction of EBN on brain cell metabolic activity and viability are still unclear.Objective:The objectives of this study were to identify the effect of sialic acid from EBN on the cell viability and to determine the appropriate concentration of sialic acid on cognitive performance in mice.Materials and Methods:The viability of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines were tested using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.For in vivo study,7-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into four treatment groups and were treated with sialic acid for 21 days.At day 22,all mice were tested on cognitive performance by Y-maze test.Results:Treatment concentration of sialic acid extract and sialic acid standard at 60μg/mL(0.6 ppm)increased cell viability and showed no cytotoxicity effects in pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines.In addition,an administration of higher dose of sialic acid at 0.6 ppm in animals improved Y-maze test performance,which they showed significantly higher number of entries and time spent in the novel arm.Conclusion:Thus,the current study shows that the sialic acid extract at 0.6 ppm improved brain cognitive performance in mice associated with an increased viability of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma cell lines.

A comprehensive review of edible bird nests and swiftlet farming

Edible bird＇s nest （EBN） is currently widely consumed by the Chinese community as tonic food and functional food, which is believed to have many medicinal benefits. Some studies have reported the biochemical compositions of EBN, graded on the basis of colour, nitrate and nitrite contents. Other studies have shown significant biological effects, while ongoing research is in progress to explore potential pharmacological applications. The high demand for EBNs in the global market has forced the local regulatory bodies to monitor swiftlet farming activities, including the EBN cleaning process. Furthermore, numerous techniques have been developed to authenticate EBN; proteomics is likely to be the most promising of these methods. However, there are limited numbers of relevant protein sequences deposited at the database. More research is needed at the molecular level to explore the mechanisms behind the biological functions, such as bone strength improvement, skin rejuvenation, epidermal growth factor activity and cell proliferation.The current and future prospects of EBN and swiftlet farming are critically reviewed in this article.

Enzymatic recovery of glycopeptides from different industrial grades edible bird’s nest and its by-products:nutrient,probiotic and antioxidant activities,and physicochemical characteristics

This study was conducted to recover edible bird’s nest(EBN)hydrolysates from different grades of EBN,including the industrial by-products,using enzymatic treatment.The nutrient,physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of the recovered hydrolysates at different hydrolysis times were evaluated.Results showed that the recovery yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was above 89%for all grades of EBN and the degree of hydrolysis increased over time.Nitrite content(0.321-0.433 mg/L)was below the permissible tolerance level for all samples.Interestingly,the antioxidant activities(DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant powder(FRAP)activity)were significantly higher(P≤0.05)in hydrolysates recovered from EBN by-products(EBNhC and EBNhD)as compared to the high grade EBN hydrolysates(EBNhA and EBNhB).The in-vitro probiotic activity of EBN and its hydrolysates were examined using the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum.Evidently,EBN by-products hydrolysate(EBNhD)recorded the highest number of L.plantarum(1.1×1011 CFU/mL),indicating that low grade EBN has the potential as prebiotic material that promotes probiotic activity.This study demonstrated the concept of using EBN by-products hydrolysates for various applications,such as functional ingredients with enhanced bioactivities,to improve its economic value.

复杂环境下输电线路鸟巢目标图像检测模型

为了解决复杂环境下电力巡检无人机对输电线路鸟巢识别精度低、错检漏检率高、定位不准等问题,在YOLOv5s模型的基础上,提出一种用于输电线路鸟巢目标检测的改进YOLO-nc-kd模型。设计一种高效的多尺度卷积特征融合模块(MCFFM),实现不同尺度下的高效特征提取,使模型能获得更加丰富和多样化的特征表示。引入注意力机制,提升主干网络在相似环境背景下的鸟巢特征提取能力。设计改进的定位损失函数,提高边界框的定位精度和小目标检测能力。使用知识蒸馏技术,进一步提升模型精度。实验结果表明,改进YOLO-nc-kd模型的准确率、召回率以及平均精度均值(m AP)相较于YOLOv5s模型分别提升了7.3、5.6、4.9个百分点,具有较好的输电线路鸟巢目标图像检测效果。

Nest-site fidelity and breeding dispersal by Common Tailorbirds in a tropical forest

Background:Information pertaining to nest-site fidelity and breeding dispersal over successive years can help to better our understanding of how birds respond to nest predation.Methods:By using mist nets and tracking the color banded individuals,we investigated nest-site fidelity and breeding dispersal by Common Tailorbirds(Orthotomus sutorius)throughout a year and between successive years in 2017–2018.Results:The present study showed that Common Tailorbirds could produce up to four clutches per breeding season.When multiple broods were produced within a year,breeding pairs remained together,and the nest rebuilding rate was up to 92.2%,with only four cases(7.8%)in which birds reused their old nests.The dispersal distance between the nests during multiple breeding was found to be 10.0±10.5 m,and nest-site fidelity within the same year was 90.0%.By the second year of breeding,76.2%of individuals remained in the original breeding pairs,while for those that did switch partners,the females remained in the nest from the previous year and paired with new males.The dispersal distance between years was 26.5±41.9 m,and nest-site fidelity between different years was 80.1%.There was no significant difference between within-year and between-year dispersal distances.Moreover,there was no significant difference in the dispersal distance of rebuilt nests between birds that had experienced nest predation and those that had not.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that Common Tailorbirds maintain a high degree of fidelity to mates and nestsites,and nest predation had no significant effect on territorial changes or breeding dispersal distance between each breeding attempt.

燕窝及其提取物对皮肤状态的定性循证研究

目的:系统评价食用燕窝及其提取物对皮肤状态的影响。方法:在中国知网、万方、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed和Embase数据库中检索自2012年1月—2022年9月国内外发表的相关文献,并根据纳入排除标准对文献进行筛选,参照世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的证据评价方法和标准、SYRCLE动物实验风险评估工具对人群研究、动物实验进行综合评价,并根据体外实验探讨可能作用机制。结果:共纳入10项研究,其中3篇为随机对照试验、3篇为动物实验、4篇为体外实验。综合分析结果显示,食用燕窝有助于提高皮肤含水量,减轻皮肤光老化和炎症水平,其提取物有助于促进角质形成细胞的增殖以及皮肤美白等。结论:目前研究结果提示,食用燕窝及其提取物有助于改善皮肤在紫外线暴露下的损伤,还能抑制黑色素的产生,促进皮肤美白,有助于促进表皮角质形成细胞的增殖,减少皮肤损伤。因此,适当摄入燕窝有助于皮肤状态的改善。但目前人群研究较少,还有待进一步的研究验证。

食用燕窝对促进认知影响的定性研究

目的:系统评价燕窝对认知的影响。方法:在中国知网、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed和Embase数据库中检索自2012年9月1日—2022年9月1日国内外发表的相关研究文献,并根据纳入排除标准对文献进行筛选。参照SYRCLE动物实验风险评估工具,对相关文献进行综合评价。结果:共纳入5项研究,均为动物模型实验。无论燕窝的来源、给药途径、治疗时间、治疗目的(营养、治疗或预防)是否一致,综述结果都表明,燕窝可以改善实验动物的认知功能,用于诱导性认知功能障碍的治疗,作为子代的认知营养增强剂,对动物暴露于脑毒性物质后续产生的认知损伤具有预防保护作用,且呈现出剂量依赖效应。并且,燕窝的促进认知作用可能与燕窝或其有效成分可以增强抗氧化能力,降低神经炎症和氧化应激反应有关。结论:动物实验表明,燕窝具有促进认知的潜在功效,但因缺乏人群实验,尙无法确定燕窝对人群认知的影响。

基于YOLO的输电线路鸟巢检测网络结构改进研究

为提高电力系统的安全运行水平,针对输电线路上的鸟巢识别问题,提出基于YOLO的输电线路鸟巢检测网络。首先通过构建GhostNet模块搭建骨干网络,并优化了特征层提取方式;随后通过改进特征金字塔连接层,并结合PANet结构构建了瓶颈网络的特征金字塔,最终搭建了YOLO-NEST网络。构建并扩充数据集进行训练,将提出的网络与其他目标检测算法进行对比,结果表明所提网络在进行输电线路的鸟巢检测时效率更高。

基于YOLOv5s的轻量化架空输电线路鸟巢检测网络

架空输电线路上的鸟巢侵占会对铁塔上的电力设备造成安全隐患,间接可能影响整个电力系统的稳定运行。针对目前架空输电线路鸟巢检测模型在复杂场景以及小目标场景下检测精度不高,检测效率低,模型复杂等问题。本研究提出一种基于YOLOv5s框架的轻量化架空输电线路鸟巢检测网络。首先在主干部分采用Fasternet重构YOLOv5s特征提取网络,降低模型复杂度,提高运行速度;然后在特征融合网络部分嵌入ConvMixer层,ConvMixer层的结构设计有助于在特征信息中更好的捕捉空间和通道的关系,提升模型对于小目标的检测能力;最后在特征融合网络部分引入ODConv模块,令送入检测头的特征图包含更多有效特征,提高模型对复杂场景和小目标的检测性能。实验结果表明,本文与基线模型YOLOv5s相比,计算量和模型体积分别减少了86%和72%,平均精度均值达到96.4%,检测速度达到104.2帧/s,验证了本文改进模型的有效性和可行性。

燕窝和唾液酸对糖脂代谢影响的定性循证研究

目的:对补充燕窝及唾液酸对糖脂代谢的健康效应进行系统综述。方法:以“燕窝OR唾液酸”“糖代谢”“脂代谢”等作为关键词,检索于2012年1月—2023年2月期间公开发表的中文和英文文献,最终纳入符合标准的文献8篇作为本次综述的主要证据,其中有关唾液酸对糖脂代谢影响的文献5篇,有关燕窝对糖脂代谢影响的文献3篇,均为随机对照的动物实验。结果:5项唾液酸的研究和3项燕窝的研究显示,补充燕窝或唾液酸能够降低高脂膳食实验动物的血清胆固醇水平、动脉粥样肝硬化斑块面积、HOMA-IR值、OGTT曲线下面积等(P值均小于0.05),有益于糖脂代谢,具有一定的可信度;然而基于动物实验结果的证据评价等级较差,未检索到证据强度高的人群研究。结论:燕窝和唾液酸对改善实验动物的糖脂代谢有益,然而尚不清楚其对于人类糖脂代谢是否有调节作用,需要进一步研究验证。

燕窝及唾液酸对免疫功能影响的定性循证研究

目的:系统评价燕窝及唾液酸对免疫功能的影响及作用。方法:在中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase数据库中检索自2012年1月—2023年6月国内外发表的相关研究文献,并根据纳入排除标准对文献进行筛选,并参照SYRCLE动物实验风险评估工具,对相关文献进行综合评价。结果:共纳入11项研究,其中7篇为动物实验、4篇为体外实验。无论燕窝及唾液酸的来源、给药途径、干预时间和干预剂量是否一致,本系统综述的结果均表明,燕窝及唾液酸可以提高健康动物的免疫功能,并具有抗病毒作用,且呈现出剂量依赖效应。结论:燕窝及唾液酸对动物具有提高免疫及抗病毒的作用。

鸟巢式护理在新生儿护理中的应用效果分析

目的 分析鸟巢式护理在新生儿护理中的应用效果。方法 本次研究开始时间为2021年1月至2022年9月,选择新生儿一共100例,将以上新生儿平均分为两组,命名为观察组和对照组。对照组予以临床常规护理干预,观察组实施鸟巢式护理,分析新生儿经皮黄疸指数、首次胎便时间、胎便转黄时间、家长满意度、哭闹情况、新生儿睡眠时间、出暖箱时间、并发症情况。结果 观察组新生儿经皮黄疸指数、首次胎便时间、胎便转黄数据低于对照组,P<0.05;观察组家长满意度分数高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组在干预过程中哭闹人数较少,且观察组新生儿睡眠时间较长,出暖箱时间较短(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,P<0.05。结论 鸟巢式护理是一种非常有效的新生儿护理方法,可以提高新生儿安全性、舒适感,并降低疾病和感染的风险,确保新生儿的健康。

不同类型燕窝营养检测现状及营养成分分析

目的:旨在总结不同类型燕窝中营养成分的检测现状,并分析其营养成分组成和差异,便于进一步开展燕窝营养相关科学研究。方法:在PubMed、Embase、Web ofScience、中国知网、万方数据库、维普检索自建库至2022年8月国内外公开发表的相关研究文献。纳入测定燕窝中营养成分组成与含量的定性与定量研究,包括一手研究数据、综述、系统综述等非一手研究数据,语言限定为中英文;排除与主题无关、重复、数据不完整、无法获得全文的文章。结果:共检索出文献1 237篇,本文共纳入8篇文献作为本次综述的主要证据。研究显示,燕窝中蛋白质含量范围为56.34%~69.5%,脂肪含量范围为0.03%~1.28%,碳水化合物含量范围为17.12%~31.68%,水分含量范围为12%~24.3%,唾液酸含量范围为7.64%~12.52%,不同类型燕窝中营养成分的种类及含量可能存在差异。结论:燕窝中蛋白质含量高,氨基酸种类丰富且必需氨基酸比例较大,脂肪含量极低,富含矿物质且含有多种必需微量元素,维生素与唾液酸含量均较高。不同类型燕窝中营养成分的种类及含量存在一定差异,不同类型燕窝中碳水化合物含量差异较大。

鸟巢式护理在新生儿护理中的应用效果

目的 探讨鸟巢式护理在新生儿护理中的应用效果。方法 选取2022年1月至2023年1月在淄博市桓台县妇幼保健院出生的74例新生儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为参照组和试验组,每组各37例。参照组采用常规护理,试验组在参照组基础上采用鸟巢式护理。比较两组生长发育情况、临床指标、神经心理发育情况及护理满意度。结果 护理后,试验组体重、身高、头围均高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组体温变化幅度低于参照组,进奶增加量、排便次数及睡眠时间均高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组儿心量表评分高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组护理总满意率高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在新生儿护理中应用鸟巢式护理可促进其生长发育和神经心理发育,提高家属护理满意度。

基于图像识别的变电站鸟巢检测技术综述

随着生态环境不断改善,变电站鸟类筑巢缺陷频发,严重影响电力系统的安全运行。基于图像识别的变电站鸟巢检测技术具有巡检效率高、检测周期短的优点。对当前基于图像识别的鸟巢检测技术研究进行了综述。首先,详细介绍了鸟巢图像识别的预处理、特征提取和目标检测算法等关键技术;然后,结合苏州供电公司试验和运行结果,分析并探讨了变电站鸟巢检测技术在实际应用中的难点与痛点;最后,提出了技术和管理上的改进措施。

鸟巢护理体位结合听觉干预缓解新生儿机械通气时疼痛效果分析

目的:探讨鸟巢护理体位结合听觉干预对缓解新生儿机械通气时气道内吸引疼痛的效果。方法:选取2020年3月至2022年10月郑州大学附属儿童医院收治的行机械通气时气道内吸引新生儿98例,根据随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各49例。对照组给予常规镇痛措施,观察组在对照组基础上给予鸟巢护理体位结合听觉干预。比较两组新生儿心率、血氧饱和度、疼痛情况、家长满意度。结果:机械通气干预3 d后,两组新生儿心率、血氧饱和度均高于机械通气时;但观察组心率低于对照组,血氧饱和度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。机械通气干预3 d后,两组新生儿早产儿疼痛量表(PIPP)评分均低于机械通气时,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿家长总满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:鸟巢护理体位结合听觉干预对缓解新生儿机械通气时气道内吸引疼痛效果明显,可明显改善新生儿心率和血氧饱和度水平,新生儿家属满意度较高。

鸟巢式护理在新生儿护理中的应用效果

目的 探讨鸟巢式护理在新生儿护理中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年2月至2022年5月于兰陵县人民医院分娩的60例新生儿为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为参照组(n=30)、研究组(n=30)。参照组给予常规基础护理,研究组给予鸟巢式护理,比较两组的生长发育情况、临床指标、不良反应总发生率。结果 研究组首次胎便时间、胎便转黄时间短于参照组,体温波动低于参照组,体重增长、每日进奶量、血氧饱和度高于参照组,睡眠时间长于参照组(P<0.05);研究组不良反应总发生率低于参照组(P<0.05)。结论 鸟巢式护理在新生儿护理中的应用效果显著,可促进新生儿生长发育,值得推广。

不同贮藏时间即食燕窝特征风味成分分析

为探究不同贮藏时间即食燕窝的风味特征,采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)对5个贮藏时间市售即食燕窝的挥发性有机物进行差异分析。结果表明,不同贮藏时间即食燕窝的挥发性成分存在显著差异(P<0.05),共鉴定出44个挥发性有机物(包含单聚体和二聚体),主要为醛和酯类。主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)能有效判别5个贮藏时间的即食燕窝。依据PLS-DA模型的变量投影重要性分析值(VIP)和指纹图谱结合层次聚类分析,最终筛选出12个(VIP>1)特征挥发性物质,分别为乙酸(单聚体和二聚体)、(Z)-4-庚烯醛、2-丁酮(单聚体)、3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇、庚醛、乙酸乙酯(二聚体)、乙酸丙酯(单聚体)、戊醛、丁醛、丙酸乙酯(单聚体和二聚体)。通过这些特征化合物可以较好地判别不同贮藏时间的即食燕窝样品。