A mild and simple method for the synthesis of dialkyl chlorophosphates is described, bis（trichloromethyl） carbonate （BTC） is used as the effective reagent for the conversion of dialkyl phosphites to their correspo...A mild and simple method for the synthesis of dialkyl chlorophosphates is described, bis（trichloromethyl） carbonate （BTC） is used as the effective reagent for the conversion of dialkyl phosphites to their corresponding dialkyl chlorophosphates under mild conditions.展开更多
虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以通过先进的控制技术对海量分散的分布式能源进行有效聚合,为实现低碳发展提供了有效途径。为促进VPP在碳减排方面的积极作用,提出了一种VPP联盟和配电网多主体协同优化框架。首先,基于碳排放流理...虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以通过先进的控制技术对海量分散的分布式能源进行有效聚合,为实现低碳发展提供了有效途径。为促进VPP在碳减排方面的积极作用,提出了一种VPP联盟和配电网多主体协同优化框架。首先,基于碳排放流理论制定了电-碳综合定价方法,激励VPP低碳运行。其次,考虑多个VPP之间采用合作联盟的形式进行共享交易,构建一种基于纳什议价理论的多VPP电碳点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)交易机制模型,实现资源共享的同时兼顾个体利益和联盟效益。在此基础上,建立一种基于电-碳综合价格引导VPP间电碳P2P交易的VPP联盟-配电网协同优化双层模型。上层模型是多VPP之间电碳P2P最优交易问题,采用自适应步长交替方向乘子法实现多VPP间的分布式求解。下层模型则是配电网的最优经济调度问题。最后,通过算例验证了所提模型和方法的有效性。展开更多
The formation of·CCl3 radicals in liver nuclei was suggested by spin trapping of them with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone followed by GC/MS detection of the resulting adduct. Comparison of its formation in microsomal...The formation of·CCl3 radicals in liver nuclei was suggested by spin trapping of them with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone followed by GC/MS detection of the resulting adduct. Comparison of its formation in microsomal biotransformation of CCl4 was made. In aerobic nuclear activation mixtures containing NADPH and CCl4, significant decrease in the arachidonic acid content of nuclear lipids was observed (27. 8%, compared to control), the intensity of this decrease was lower than that occurring in the corresponding microsomal incubation mixtures (29.1%). Significant decreases in arachidonic acid content of nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum lipids were also observed in animals at 6 hours of poisoning with the haloalkane. During aerobic nuclear metabolism of CCl4 or CBrCl3, cholesterol oxidation products were detected: a ketocholesterol, an epoxide like structure and 7-ketocholesterol. Nuclear protein carbonyl formation was not promoted during nuclear CCl4 biotransformation. NADPH by itself may lead to protein carbonyl formation during prolonged periods of incubation. CBrCl3 in contrast, led to decreased protein carbonyl formation. No increase in nuclear protein carbonyl formation was observed in CCl4 intoxicated animals during periods of time between 1 to 6 hours after treatment. The results indicate that during nuclear biotransformation of CCl4 or CBrCl3 reactive free radicals, PUFA degradation, reactive aldehydes and cholesterol oxidation products are formed, nearby DNA and regulatory proteins.展开更多
Complexes [MCl 2{CH 3N(CH 2CH 2N[CDS1]CR 1R 2) 2}]((3, M=Co, R 1=H, R 2=Ph ; 4, M=Fe, R 1=H, \{R 2=Ph\}; 5, M=Co, R 1=R 2=Ph) were prepared and characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The combination of ea...Complexes [MCl 2{CH 3N(CH 2CH 2N[CDS1]CR 1R 2) 2}]((3, M=Co, R 1=H, R 2=Ph ; 4, M=Fe, R 1=H, \{R 2=Ph\}; 5, M=Co, R 1=R 2=Ph) were prepared and characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The combination of each of complexes 3-5 with ethylaluminoxane(EAO), respectively, was found to be moderately active for ethylene oligomerization to low carbon olefins. The activity of 113 kg oligomers·mol -1 Co·h -1 for complex 3(100 mol of EAO, 180 ℃ and 1 8 MPa ethylene) was observed with a selectivity of 93% to C 4-10 olefins, of which 96% were linear C4 10 olefins. The catalytic properties of complexes 3-5 were compared with those of analogous P,P coordinated complexes [MCl 2{CH 3N(CH 2CH 2PPh 2) 2}](1, M=Co; 2, \{M=\}Fe).展开更多
We report a carbon/carbon capacitor based on micro/mesoporous carbon electrodes with cost-effective and eco-friendly aqueous choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(Ch TFSI)electrolyte with a cosolvent enabling low-...We report a carbon/carbon capacitor based on micro/mesoporous carbon electrodes with cost-effective and eco-friendly aqueous choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(Ch TFSI)electrolyte with a cosolvent enabling low-temperature operation down to-30℃.For this purpose,a Mg O-templated hierarchical carbon(MP98B)with an average mesopore diameter of 3.5 nm was prepared by pyrolysis of magnesium citrate hydrate at 900℃.To reach lower temperatures,the melting point and viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte were reduced by mixing water(W)with an organic solvent(methanol,M,or isopropanol,I)of high dielectric constant and low viscosity.5 mol kg^(-1)(5 m)Ch TFSI in an optimized volume fraction of cosolvent,M_(0.75)W_(0.25),and I_(0.75)W_(0.25),showed the highest conductivity;the higher conductivity in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)(22.8 and 3.1 m S cm^(-1) at 20 and-30℃,respectively)than in I_(0.75)W_(0.25)(8.5 and0.5 m S cm^(-1)at 20 and-30℃,respectively)is attributed to the lower viscosity of the M_(0.75)W_(0.25)solution.The electrochemical stability window(ESW)of 5 m Ch TFSI in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)and I_(0.75)W_(0.25)(1.6 V)on an MP98B electrode was determined by applying the S-method.Meanwhile,by adjusting the mass ratio of the two electrodes,a MP98B/MP98B capacitor using the 5 m electrolyte in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)could operate with a good life span up to 1.6 V while exhibiting a better charge propagation,greater specific capacitance,and higher specific energy than in I_(0.75)W_(0.25).展开更多
新时代低碳发展目标给配电网带来巨大挑战,为保证供电时降低配电网碳排放,提出了一种考虑有载调压变压器(on-load tap changer,OLTC)模糊控制的低碳配电网双层规划模型。依据网损灵敏度确定微型燃气轮机(micro-turbine generator,MTG)...新时代低碳发展目标给配电网带来巨大挑战,为保证供电时降低配电网碳排放,提出了一种考虑有载调压变压器(on-load tap changer,OLTC)模糊控制的低碳配电网双层规划模型。依据网损灵敏度确定微型燃气轮机(micro-turbine generator,MTG)、新能源、储能和电容器(capacitor banks,CB)选址,采用双层模型实现低碳配电网规划。上层规划层以综合成本最小为目标,考虑了微型燃气轮机、新能源、储能和电容器投资运行成本,采用改进鲸鱼算法求解。下层运行层以运行成本和电压偏移量最小为目标,考虑了OLTC模糊控制、电容器投切、新能源不确定性、微型燃气轮机和储能调度,采用自适应ε约束法多目标粒子群算法获得均匀帕累托前沿,利用TOPSIS决策法选取最优解。最后通过改进IEEE33节点系统算例验证表明,所提方法能够实现配电网低碳经济运行,改善潮流分布,提高电压质量,降低网损。展开更多
基金the National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program(No.2003CB114400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20476098)for financial support.(No.20676123)
文摘A mild and simple method for the synthesis of dialkyl chlorophosphates is described, bis（trichloromethyl） carbonate （BTC） is used as the effective reagent for the conversion of dialkyl phosphites to their corresponding dialkyl chlorophosphates under mild conditions.
文摘虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)可以通过先进的控制技术对海量分散的分布式能源进行有效聚合,为实现低碳发展提供了有效途径。为促进VPP在碳减排方面的积极作用,提出了一种VPP联盟和配电网多主体协同优化框架。首先,基于碳排放流理论制定了电-碳综合定价方法,激励VPP低碳运行。其次,考虑多个VPP之间采用合作联盟的形式进行共享交易,构建一种基于纳什议价理论的多VPP电碳点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)交易机制模型,实现资源共享的同时兼顾个体利益和联盟效益。在此基础上,建立一种基于电-碳综合价格引导VPP间电碳P2P交易的VPP联盟-配电网协同优化双层模型。上层模型是多VPP之间电碳P2P最优交易问题,采用自适应步长交替方向乘子法实现多VPP间的分布式求解。下层模型则是配电网的最优经济调度问题。最后,通过算例验证了所提模型和方法的有效性。
文摘The formation of·CCl3 radicals in liver nuclei was suggested by spin trapping of them with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone followed by GC/MS detection of the resulting adduct. Comparison of its formation in microsomal biotransformation of CCl4 was made. In aerobic nuclear activation mixtures containing NADPH and CCl4, significant decrease in the arachidonic acid content of nuclear lipids was observed (27. 8%, compared to control), the intensity of this decrease was lower than that occurring in the corresponding microsomal incubation mixtures (29.1%). Significant decreases in arachidonic acid content of nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum lipids were also observed in animals at 6 hours of poisoning with the haloalkane. During aerobic nuclear metabolism of CCl4 or CBrCl3, cholesterol oxidation products were detected: a ketocholesterol, an epoxide like structure and 7-ketocholesterol. Nuclear protein carbonyl formation was not promoted during nuclear CCl4 biotransformation. NADPH by itself may lead to protein carbonyl formation during prolonged periods of incubation. CBrCl3 in contrast, led to decreased protein carbonyl formation. No increase in nuclear protein carbonyl formation was observed in CCl4 intoxicated animals during periods of time between 1 to 6 hours after treatment. The results indicate that during nuclear biotransformation of CCl4 or CBrCl3 reactive free radicals, PUFA degradation, reactive aldehydes and cholesterol oxidation products are formed, nearby DNA and regulatory proteins.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2 0 1730 0 6 )
文摘Complexes [MCl 2{CH 3N(CH 2CH 2N[CDS1]CR 1R 2) 2}]((3, M=Co, R 1=H, R 2=Ph ; 4, M=Fe, R 1=H, \{R 2=Ph\}; 5, M=Co, R 1=R 2=Ph) were prepared and characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The combination of each of complexes 3-5 with ethylaluminoxane(EAO), respectively, was found to be moderately active for ethylene oligomerization to low carbon olefins. The activity of 113 kg oligomers·mol -1 Co·h -1 for complex 3(100 mol of EAO, 180 ℃ and 1 8 MPa ethylene) was observed with a selectivity of 93% to C 4-10 olefins, of which 96% were linear C4 10 olefins. The catalytic properties of complexes 3-5 were compared with those of analogous P,P coordinated complexes [MCl 2{CH 3N(CH 2CH 2PPh 2) 2}](1, M=Co; 2, \{M=\}Fe).
基金financially supported by the National Science Centre(MAESTRO project UMO-2016/22/A/ST4/00092)。
文摘We report a carbon/carbon capacitor based on micro/mesoporous carbon electrodes with cost-effective and eco-friendly aqueous choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(Ch TFSI)electrolyte with a cosolvent enabling low-temperature operation down to-30℃.For this purpose,a Mg O-templated hierarchical carbon(MP98B)with an average mesopore diameter of 3.5 nm was prepared by pyrolysis of magnesium citrate hydrate at 900℃.To reach lower temperatures,the melting point and viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte were reduced by mixing water(W)with an organic solvent(methanol,M,or isopropanol,I)of high dielectric constant and low viscosity.5 mol kg^(-1)(5 m)Ch TFSI in an optimized volume fraction of cosolvent,M_(0.75)W_(0.25),and I_(0.75)W_(0.25),showed the highest conductivity;the higher conductivity in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)(22.8 and 3.1 m S cm^(-1) at 20 and-30℃,respectively)than in I_(0.75)W_(0.25)(8.5 and0.5 m S cm^(-1)at 20 and-30℃,respectively)is attributed to the lower viscosity of the M_(0.75)W_(0.25)solution.The electrochemical stability window(ESW)of 5 m Ch TFSI in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)and I_(0.75)W_(0.25)(1.6 V)on an MP98B electrode was determined by applying the S-method.Meanwhile,by adjusting the mass ratio of the two electrodes,a MP98B/MP98B capacitor using the 5 m electrolyte in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)could operate with a good life span up to 1.6 V while exhibiting a better charge propagation,greater specific capacitance,and higher specific energy than in I_(0.75)W_(0.25).
文摘新时代低碳发展目标给配电网带来巨大挑战,为保证供电时降低配电网碳排放,提出了一种考虑有载调压变压器(on-load tap changer,OLTC)模糊控制的低碳配电网双层规划模型。依据网损灵敏度确定微型燃气轮机(micro-turbine generator,MTG)、新能源、储能和电容器(capacitor banks,CB)选址,采用双层模型实现低碳配电网规划。上层规划层以综合成本最小为目标,考虑了微型燃气轮机、新能源、储能和电容器投资运行成本,采用改进鲸鱼算法求解。下层运行层以运行成本和电压偏移量最小为目标,考虑了OLTC模糊控制、电容器投切、新能源不确定性、微型燃气轮机和储能调度,采用自适应ε约束法多目标粒子群算法获得均匀帕累托前沿,利用TOPSIS决策法选取最优解。最后通过改进IEEE33节点系统算例验证表明,所提方法能够实现配电网低碳经济运行,改善潮流分布,提高电压质量,降低网损。
