An efficient method for the synthesis of dialkyl chlorophosphates from trialkyl phosphites using bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate

A mild and simple method for the synthesis of dialkyl chlorophosphates is described, bis（trichloromethyl） carbonate （BTC） is used as the effective reagent for the conversion of dialkyl phosphites to their corresponding dialkyl chlorophosphates under mild conditions.

Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4) nanoparticles embedded in hollow porous carbon nanorod:High rate capability material for potassium-ion batteries

Considering their superior theoretical capacity and low voltage plateau,bismuth(Bi)-based materials are being widely explored for application in potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Unfortunately,pure Bi and Bibased compounds suffer from severe electrochemical polarization,agglomeration,and dramatic volume fluctuations.To develop an advanced bismuth-based anode material with high reactivity and durability,in this work,the pyrolysis of Bi-based metal-organic frameworks and in-situ selenization techniques have been successfully used to produce a Bi-based composite with high capacity and unique structure,in which Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)nanoparticles are encapsulated in carbon nanorods(Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR).Applied as the anode material of PIBs,the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR displays fast potassium storage capability with 307.5 m A h g^(-1)at 20 A g^(-1)and durable cycle performance of 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Notably,the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR also showed long cycle stability over 1600 cycles when working in a full cell system with potassium vanadate as the cathode material,which further demonstrates its promising potential in the field of PIBs.Additionally,the dual potassium storage mechanism of the Bi/Bi_(3)Se_(4)@CNR based on conversion and alloying reaction has also been revealed by in-situ X-ray diffraction.

CNTs增强Sn-Bi基复合钎料回流焊焊点显微组织及力学性能

目的为了解决Sn-Bi焊点难以满足高密度封装结构长期服役可靠性要求的难题,研制了CNTs增强Sn-Bi基复合钎料,并分析了复合钎料对焊点组织与力学性能的影响。方法采用机械混合方式制备了不同碳纳米管(CNTs)含量(0%、0.01%、0.025%、0.1%、0.25%,质量分数)的Sn-58Bi基复合钎料,随后采用回流焊方法对Cu薄板进行搭接焊。通过SEM、EDS等技术分析了焊点内的显微组织及界面金属间化合物(Inermetallic Compound,IMC)变化,并使用拉力测试仪研究了焊点剪切强度的变化规律。结果Cu/Sn-58Bi/Cu焊点的显微组织主要为黑色树枝状富Sn相和灰白色层片状富Bi的共晶组织,界面处IMC成分为扇贝状的Cu_(6)Sn_(5)相。添加CNTs可以明显细化组织晶粒,当CNTs质量分数为0.025%时,组织细化最明显。在Sn-58Bi钎料中添加一定量的CNTs可以明显提高焊点的剪切性能,当CNTs质量分数为0.025%时,焊点剪切性能最优,其剪切强度为27.5MPa,相较于Sn-58Bi/Cu焊点,提高了43.37%。结论在一定范围内,随着CNTs含量的增加,Sn-Bi-CNTs复合钎料焊点的显微组织得到明显细化,焊点拉剪性能显著提高。

导电炭黑和热处理对Al-Bi复合材料产氢性能的影响

采用机械球磨法制备Al-Bi-CB复合材料,研究了导电炭黑和热处理对Al-Bi复合材料产氢性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了复合材料的组织形貌和物相结构。实验结果表明,当导电炭黑含量为5%时,复合材料的产氢性能最佳。在30℃时,1 g Al-3%Bi-5%CB复合材料5 min产生865 mL氢气,最大产氢速率达到107.15 mL·s^(-1)。导电炭黑细化铝粉体颗粒、提高Al-Bi复合材料的导电性以及与水接触时导电炭黑能迅速从复合材料表面剥落是其提高Al-Bi复合材料产氢量和产氢速率的主要原因。球磨Al-Bi-CB粉体材料经热处理后,在30 min内,1 g Al-3%Bi-1%CB材料的最大产氢量从220 mL增至840 mL,热处理后嵌入Al中的Bi重新熔化与再结晶而覆盖在Al表面形成活性位点是提高复合材料产氢性能的主要原因。

Bifunctional S-scheme g-C3N4/Bi/BiVO4 hybrid photocatalysts toward artificial carbon cycling

Although both the aerobic photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants into CO2 and the anaerobic photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into solar fuels have been intensively studied,few efforts have been devoted to combining these carbon-involved photocatalytic oxidation-reduction processes together,by which an artificial photocatalytic carbon cycling process can be established.The key challenge lies in the exploitation of efficient bifunctional photocatalysts,capable of triggering both aerobic oxidation and anaerobic reduction reactions.In this work,a bifunctional ternary g-C3N4/Bi/BiVO4 hybrid photocatalyst is successfully constructed,which not only demonstrates superior aerobic photocatalytic oxidation performance in degrading an organic pollutant(using the dye,Rhodamine B as a model),but also exhibits impressive photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance under anaerobic conditions.Moreover,a direct conversion of Rhodamine B to solar fuels in a one-pot anaerobic reactor can be achieved with the as-prepared ternary g-C3N4/Bi/BiVO4 hybrid photocatalyst.The excellent bifunctional photocatalytic performance of the g-C3N4/Bi/BiVO4 photocatalyst is associated with the formation of efficient S-scheme hybrid junctions,which contribute to promoting the appropriate charge dynamics,and sustaining favorable charge potentials.The formation of the S-scheme heterojunction is supported by scavenger studies and density functional theory calculations.Moreover,the in-situ formed plasmonic metallic Bi nanoparticles in the S-scheme hybrid g-C3N4/Bi/BiVO4 photocatalyst enhances vectorial interfacial electron transfer.This novel bifunctional S-scheme g-C3N4/Bi/BiVO4 hybrid photocatalyst system provides new insights for the further development of an integrated aerobic-anaerobic reaction system for photocatalytic carbon cycling.

Bi Nanoparticles Anchored in N-Doped Porous Carbon as Anode of High Energy Density Lithium Ion Battery

A novel bismuth–carbon composite, in which bismuth nanoparticles were anchored in a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix(Bi@NC), is proposed as anode for high volumetric energy density lithium ion batteries(LIBs).Bi@NC composite was synthesized via carbonization of Zn-containing zeolitic imidazolate(ZIF-8) and replacement of Zn with Bi, resulting in the N-doped carbon that was hierarchically porous and anchored with Bi nanoparticles. The matrix provides a highly electronic conductive network that facilitates the lithiation/delithiation of Bi.Additionally, it restrains aggregation of Bi nanoparticles and serves as a buffer layer to alleviate the mechanical strain of Bi nanoparticles upon Li insertion/extraction.With these contributions, Bi@NC exhibits excellent cycling stability and rate capacity compared to bare Bi nanoparticles or their simple composites with carbon. This study provides a new approach for fabricating high volumetric energy density LIBs.

Bi nanoparticles in situ encapsulated by carbon film as high-performance anode materials for Li-ion batteries

Bismuth (Bi) has indeed inspired great interests in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the high capacity,but was still limited by the low electrical conductivity and large volume variation.Herein,a composite material based on Bi nanoparticles in situ encapsulated by carbon film (Bi@CF) is prepared successfully through a facile metal–organic framework (MOF)-engaged approach.As anode materials for LIBs,the Bi@CF composites achieved high reversible capacities of 705 and 538 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 and 0.5 A g^(-1) after200 cycles,and long cycling performance with a stable capacity of 306 mAh g^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1) even after 900 cycles.In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements clearly revealed the conversion between Bi and Li_(3)Bi during the alloying/dealloying process,confirming the good electrochemical reversibility of Bi@CF for Li-storage.The reaction kinetics of this Bi@CF composite was further studied by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT).This work may provide an inspiration for the elaborate design and facile preparation of alloy-type anode materials for high-performance rechargeable batteries.

Liver Nuclear Activation of Carbon Tetrachloride or Bromotrichloromethane to Trichloromethyl and Trichloromethylperoxyl Free Radicals.Their Reactions With Lipids and Proteins

The formation of·CCl3 radicals in liver nuclei was suggested by spin trapping of them with N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone followed by GC/MS detection of the resulting adduct. Comparison of its formation in microsomal biotransformation of CCl4 was made. In aerobic nuclear activation mixtures containing NADPH and CCl4, significant decrease in the arachidonic acid content of nuclear lipids was observed (27. 8%, compared to control), the intensity of this decrease was lower than that occurring in the corresponding microsomal incubation mixtures (29.1%). Significant decreases in arachidonic acid content of nuclear and endoplasmic reticulum lipids were also observed in animals at 6 hours of poisoning with the haloalkane. During aerobic nuclear metabolism of CCl4 or CBrCl3, cholesterol oxidation products were detected: a ketocholesterol, an epoxide like structure and 7-ketocholesterol. Nuclear protein carbonyl formation was not promoted during nuclear CCl4 biotransformation. NADPH by itself may lead to protein carbonyl formation during prolonged periods of incubation. CBrCl3 in contrast, led to decreased protein carbonyl formation. No increase in nuclear protein carbonyl formation was observed in CCl4 intoxicated animals during periods of time between 1 to 6 hours after treatment. The results indicate that during nuclear biotransformation of CCl4 or CBrCl3 reactive free radicals, PUFA degradation, reactive aldehydes and cholesterol oxidation products are formed, nearby DNA and regulatory proteins.

Catalytic Effect of Cobalt and Iron Complexes Incorporating Bis(2-aldiminoethyl)amine Ligands on Ethylene Oligomerization

Complexes [MCl 2{CH 3N(CH 2CH 2N[CDS1]CR 1R 2) 2}]((3, M=Co, R 1=H, R 2=Ph ; 4, M=Fe, R 1=H, \{R 2=Ph\}; 5, M=Co, R 1=R 2=Ph) were prepared and characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis. The combination of each of complexes 3-5 with ethylaluminoxane(EAO), respectively, was found to be moderately active for ethylene oligomerization to low carbon olefins. The activity of 113 kg oligomers·mol -1 Co·h -1 for complex 3(100 mol of EAO, 180 ℃ and 1 8 MPa ethylene) was observed with a selectivity of 93% to C 4-10 olefins, of which 96% were linear C4 10 olefins. The catalytic properties of complexes 3-5 were compared with those of analogous P,P coordinated complexes [MCl 2{CH 3N(CH 2CH 2PPh 2) 2}](1, M=Co; 2, \{M=\}Fe).

Implementation of a choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide aqueous electrolyte for low temperature EDLCs enabled by a cosolvent

We report a carbon/carbon capacitor based on micro/mesoporous carbon electrodes with cost-effective and eco-friendly aqueous choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(Ch TFSI)electrolyte with a cosolvent enabling low-temperature operation down to-30℃.For this purpose,a Mg O-templated hierarchical carbon(MP98B)with an average mesopore diameter of 3.5 nm was prepared by pyrolysis of magnesium citrate hydrate at 900℃.To reach lower temperatures,the melting point and viscosity of the aqueous electrolyte were reduced by mixing water(W)with an organic solvent(methanol,M,or isopropanol,I)of high dielectric constant and low viscosity.5 mol kg^(-1)(5 m)Ch TFSI in an optimized volume fraction of cosolvent,M_(0.75)W_(0.25),and I_(0.75)W_(0.25),showed the highest conductivity;the higher conductivity in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)(22.8 and 3.1 m S cm^(-1) at 20 and-30℃,respectively)than in I_(0.75)W_(0.25)(8.5 and0.5 m S cm^(-1)at 20 and-30℃,respectively)is attributed to the lower viscosity of the M_(0.75)W_(0.25)solution.The electrochemical stability window(ESW)of 5 m Ch TFSI in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)and I_(0.75)W_(0.25)(1.6 V)on an MP98B electrode was determined by applying the S-method.Meanwhile,by adjusting the mass ratio of the two electrodes,a MP98B/MP98B capacitor using the 5 m electrolyte in M_(0.75)W_(0.25)could operate with a good life span up to 1.6 V while exhibiting a better charge propagation,greater specific capacitance,and higher specific energy than in I_(0.75)W_(0.25).

CICC型Bi-2212超导磁体绝缘纤维预处理方法研究

选择成分均为72%γAl_(2)O_(3)+28%SiO_(2)的氧化铝纤维制品作为Bi-2212超导磁体绝缘纤维材料并进行空气热处理除碳。采用强度测试、SEM、TG-DSC等测试手段,对三种氧化铝纤维制品(宽25mm/厚0.2mm氧化铝纤维带A、宽25mm/厚0.35mm氧化铝纤维带B和200tex/3股/捻度80氧化铝纤维束C)的热失重、纤维表面形貌、纤维强度进行分析表征。结果表明,其耐温性好,热失重过程并未发现晶相转变的吸放热峰。纤维经过空气热处理后,表面浸润剂氧化挥发,纤维裸露,无缺陷暴露,直径变化不明显,强度下降不超过25%,绝缘性能提高。分析结果表明,通过600℃、2h空气热处理可以有效提高氧化铝纤维绝缘性能。

基于节点碳势需求响应的电力系统双层优化调度

为实现电力系统低碳排放、助力经济提升,在建立碳势引导多元柔性负荷模型的基础上,提出一种基于节点碳势需求响应的双层优化调度策略。首先,利用比例共享原则追踪碳排放流,搭建碳排放流模型,从时空维度感知各节点的碳势变化规律。其次,将碳流分析纳入负荷侧需求响应机制中,利用节点碳势建立负荷聚合商需求响应碳排放模型,并厘清不同碳势强度下负荷聚合商调度差异,构建基于节点碳势需求响应的电力系统双层优化调度模型。模型上层为电网运营商最优经济调度,模型下层为负荷聚合商需求响应经济调度。最后,以改进IEEE 30节点系统为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。

低碳视角下集成式纺织服装闭环供应链运作决策

纺织服装产业的蓬勃发展,不仅有效带动了社会经济的快速发展,同时也造成了废旧服装数量的日益剧增。为有效提高废旧服装回收效率及其利用率,兼顾供应链整体运营与生态环境的目标,文章设计分析了一个由供应商、制造商和零售商组成的三级纺织服装闭环供应链网络,其中零售商集成废旧服装的统一回收,制造商集成废旧服装的统一分类及再利用废旧服装的加工处理。鉴于服装回收处理过程中碳排放量高且分布不均这一现实问题,引入碳配额机制,以供应链整体收益和成本为目标,建立一个双目标决策优化模型,并对模型设计了约束求解方法。最后通过数值实验说明了本文所建模型的有效性和相应运营决策方案的合理最优性。相关研究结果表明:废旧纺织服装的回收处理尽管需要一定的运营成本,但从长期运营视角来看,其能够给供应链整体带来较大的潜在收益。零售商和制造商的集成化运营模式不仅可有效的降低供应链的整体运营成本,同时亦可有效提升供应链整体的协同运作效率。合理的碳配额机制可有效激励相关成员企业去绿色低碳运营,进而提升自身竞争力和可持续发展能力。相关研究成果不仅具有一定的理论价值,同时对政府和服装产业制定合理的碳配额机制,设计构建纺织服装闭环供应链网络具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。

甲烷裂解双分散孔催化剂颗粒积碳行为模拟

【目的】为了更好地理解催化剂颗粒的积碳行为,分析积碳效应下催化剂颗粒界面反应传质特性,实现对催化剂颗粒的优化设计与调控。【方法】采用颗粒解析模型,考虑积碳引起的孔隙结构动态演变以及反应性能的衰减,分别探讨单分散孔和双分散孔颗粒积碳形成及所引起的孔隙结构演变规律。【结果】积碳失活从多孔颗粒表层向内部核心移动,扩散主导机制转向反应主导机制;相较于单分散孔颗粒,双分散孔颗粒具备更强的抗积碳性能;固定床反应器中催化剂颗粒分布影响积碳行为,壁面处积碳更加严重,更容易导致失活。【结论】选择双分散孔催化剂颗粒对于积碳行为具有改善作用,同时应选择合适的长径比反应器,削弱壁面效应对积碳行为的影响。

计及碳交易与需求响应的微能源网双层优化模型

该文在微能源网的基础架构上,以全年总成本最低为目标函数,结合碳交易与需求响应构建微能源网双层优化配置模型。结合区域环境数据与年度典型日案例分析,优化模型得到最优规划配置以及在该配置下的各设备最优日运行出力调度情况,相比基础模型提高了可再生能源装机容量并获得了更高的碳排放权收益,通过需求响应调整用户侧灵活可控负荷,在保证可再生能源的消纳能力的前提下,有效节省了总成本。算例结果表明,该模型能够使微能源网在保证系统经济性的同时促进实现减碳目标,对MEG的前期规划设计有重要意义。

Synthesis of CC/BiPO4/Bi2WO6 Composite Material and Its Photocatalytic Performance

Along with the popularity of environmental protection concepts, the environmental treatment of water pollution attracts widespread attention, among which, the research on Bi-based semiconductor photocatalytic degradation technology has made great progress. However, the development of such bismuth-based composites still remains a challenging task due to difficult recovery and low catalytic efficiency. Herein, a novel CC/BiPO4/Bi2WO6 composite was successfully synthesized through two-step hydrothermal method using activated flexible carbon cloth as a substrate. The results of the photocatalytic degradation experiments showed that the obtained CC/BiPO4/Bi2WO6 composites can degrade 92.1% RhB in 60 min under UV-visible light irradiation, which was much higher than that of unloaded BiPO4 (24.4%) and BiPO4/Bi2WO6 (52.9%), exhibiting a better adsorption-photocatalytic degradation performance than BiPO4 and BiPO4/Bi2WO6. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the improved photocatalytic activity was due to the more effective inhibition of photogenerated carrier complexation. Furthermore, the radical capture experiments confirmed that h+, ·OH and O2- were the main active substances in the photocatalytic degradation process of RhB by the CC/BiPO4/Bi2WO6 composites. More importantly, the prepared CC/BiPO4/Bi2WO6 composite had a simple separation process and good recycling stability, and its photocatalytic degradation efficiency can still reach 53.3% after six cycles of RhB degradation. .

An approach to synthesis of(Z)-2-chloro-1,3-diarylpropen-1-ones by Vilsmeier reagent(bis-(trichloromethyl)carbonate/DMF)

A series of（Z）-2-chloro-1,3-diarylpropen-1-ones were unexpectedly synthesized in moderate yields by treatment of easily available 2,3-epoxy-1,3-diarylpropan-1-ones with Vilsmeier reagent,which was derived from bis（trichloromethyl） carbonate（BTC, triphosgene） and DMF.A possible mechanism was also proposed,where sequential ring-opening,halogenation and elimination reactions were involved.

电-碳-绿证市场耦合下发电商报价与出清双层优化

针对电力市场、碳市场和绿证市场耦合下发电商的报价与出清双层优化问题开展了研究工作。首先,考虑直流潮流约束、分段线性报价方法及逆需求线性的绿证量价关系,建立了电力市场、碳市场和绿证市场耦合的双层多主体优化决策模型。该模型可以帮助发电商优化报价策略,提高自身竞争获益的能力。其次,提出了一种基于最优值函数近似的双层模型求解算法。该算法基于多项式基和最小二乘法构造下层模型最优值函数,进而将双层优化模型转换为单层优化模型。与传统Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)方法不同,该方法在简化模型时不会引入新的整数变量,能够实现模型的快速求解。最后,通过仿真分析验证了所提模型的合理性和算法的有效性。

考虑绿证交易机制与碳捕集电厂深度调峰补偿的多主体联合调峰优化调度

为解决大规模风电不断并网引起的系统调峰负担增加问题,提出了一种考虑绿证交易机制与碳捕集电厂深度调峰补偿的碳-储-荷联合调峰双层优化方法。首先,分析了碳捕集电厂参与深度调峰成本损失,提出了深调服务补偿模型。其次,分析了绿证交易机制对碳-储-荷联合调峰的积极作用;上层以电价引导型需求响应、改善净负荷曲线平滑性程度最优为目标,旨在降低负荷峰谷差,提高风电消纳空间,缓解深度调峰机组压力;下层基于上层优化后的调峰容量,考虑绿证交易机制与碳捕集电厂深调补偿收益的碳-储联合深度调峰综合成本最优为目标,旨在发掘绿证交易机制与调峰辅助服务对深度调峰作用,发挥碳-储联合深度调峰的能力,优化系统经济性、风电消纳量、碳排放量。最后,在改进的IEEE 30节点系统进行仿真,结果验证了所提模型的有效性。

基于改进鲸鱼群算法的低碳柔性车间调度研究

针对柔性制造车间单独考虑完工时间或设备利用率等问题,本文建立以最大完工时间、碳排放量为目标的双目标优化问题的调度模型。对于传统鲸鱼群算法收敛速度较慢,易陷入局部最优的问题,本文提出了一种基于惯性权重和混沌扰动的收敛因子二者相结合的搜索方式,设计了一种改进的鲸鱼群算法。该算法根据车间调度特点,采用两段等长式编码,加快机器选择与个体位置之间的转换速度;采用混合式初始化种群,提高种群多样性;加入惯性权重以及混沌扰动的收敛因子,平衡算法搜索能力;引入多项式变异策略,帮助算法及时跳出局部最优。在测试函数下,与遗传算法和传统鲸鱼群算法进行了对比,验证了该算法的搜索能力更优。同时,通过实例验证,进一步表明了改进的鲸鱼群算法的有效性。