超声引导下PTCD应用于BismuthⅢ型胆道梗阻患者临床对照研究

目的探讨超声引导下的经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTCD)应用于BismuthⅢ、Ⅳ型胆道梗阻患者的临床疗效。方法将95例恶性胆道梗阻患者中的BismuthⅢ型患者65例设为Ⅲ型组,BismuthⅣ型患者30例设为Ⅳ型组。比较两组患者手术时间、临床疗效及术后并发症发生情况,比较治疗前后肝功能指标[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)和直接胆红素(DBIL)]水平及癌症患者生命质量测定量表(QLQ-C30)评分。结果Ⅲ型组患者手术时间短于Ⅳ型组,治疗总有效率高于Ⅳ型组(P<0.05或0.01)。治疗后两组患者血清ALT、AST、GGT、ALP、TBIL和DBIL水平均较治疗前降低,且Ⅲ型组低于Ⅳ型组(P<0.05或0.01)。治疗后两组患者QLQ-C30的总体健康状况、躯体功能、角色功能、情绪功能、认知功能、社会功能、疲乏、恶心呕吐、疼痛、呼吸困难、睡眠障碍、食欲丧失、便秘维度评分均较治疗前改善,Ⅲ型组患者QLQ-C30的总体健康状况、躯体功能、情绪功能、社会功能维度评分高于Ⅳ型组,而疲乏、恶心呕吐、疼痛、呼吸困难、睡眠障碍、食欲丧失、便秘维度评分低于Ⅳ型组(P<0.05或0.01)。Ⅲ型组患者术后并发症发生率低于Ⅳ型组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相较于BismuthⅣ型胆道梗阻,超声引导下的PTCD应用于BismuthⅢ型胆道梗阻患者有较好的疗效,可以改善患者肝功能和生存质量。

Solid Bi_(2)O_(3)-derived nanostructured metallic bismuth with high formate selectivity for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)

CO_(2) electrochemical reduction(CO_(2)ER)is an important research area for carbon neutralization.However,available catalysts for CO_(2) reduction are still characterized by limited stability and activity.Recently,metallic bismuth(Bi)has emerged as a promising catalyst for CO_(2) ER.Herein,we report the solid cathode electroreduction of commercial micronized Bi2O3as a straightforward approach for the preparation of nanostructured Bi.At-1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in a KHCO3aqueous electrolyte,the resulting nanostructure Bi delivers a formate current density of~40 mA·cm^(-2) with a current efficiency of~86%,and the formate selectivity reaches97.6% at-0.78 V.Using nanosized Bi2O3as the precursor can further reduce the primary particle sizes of the resulting Bi,leading to a significantly increased formate selectivity at relatively low overpotentials.The high catalytic activity of nanostructured Bi is attributable to the ultrafine and interconnected Bi nanoparticles in the nanoporous structure,which exposes abundant active sites for CO_(2) electrocatalytic reduction.

Plasma-assisted synthesis of porous bismuth nanosheets for electrocatalytic CO_(2)-to-formate reduction

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction(eCO_(2)RR)to formate,driven by clean energy,is a promising approach for producing renewable chemicals and high-value fuels.Despite its potential,further development faces challenges due to limitations in electrocatalytic activity and durability,especially for nonnoble metal-based catalysts.Here,naturally abundant bismuth-based nanosheets that can effectively drive CO_(2)-to-formate electrocatalytic reduction are prepared using the plasma-activated Bi_(2)Se_(3) followed by a reduction process.Thus-obtained plasma-activated Bi nanosheets(P-BiNS)feature ultrathin structures and high surface areas.Such nanostructures ensure the P-BiNS with outstanding eCO_(2)RR catalytic performance,highlighted by the current density of over 80 mA cm^(-2) and a formate Faradic efficiency of>90%.Furthermore,P-BiNS catalysts demonstrate excellent durability and stability without deactivation following over 50h of operation.The selectivity for formate production is also studied by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,validating the importance and efficacy of the stabilization of intermediates(^(*)OCHO)on the P-BiNS surfaces.This study provides a facile plasma-assisted approach for developing high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts.

Kinetic-boosted CO_(2) electroreduction to formate via synergistic electric-thermal field on hierarchical bismuth with amorphous layer

Electrocatalytic converting CO_(2) into chemical products has emerged as a promising approach to achieving carbon neutrality.Herein,we report a bismuth-based catalyst with high curvature terminal and amorphous layer which fabricated via two-step electrodeposition achieves stable formate output in a wide voltage window of 600 mV.The Faraday efficiency(FE) of formate reached up to 99.4% at-0.8 V vs.RHE and it remained constant for more than 92 h at-15 mA cm^(-2).More intriguingly,FE formate of95.4% can be realized at a current density of industrial grade(-667.7 mA cm^(-2)) in flow cell.The special structure promoted CO_(2) adsorption and reduced its activation energy and enhanced the electric-thermal field and K^(+) enrichment which accelerated the reaction kinetics.In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculation further confirmed that the introduction of amorphous structure is beneficial to adsorpting CO_(2)and stabling*OCHO intermediate.This work provides special insights to fabricate efficient electrocatalysts by means of structural and crystal engineering and makes efforts to realize the industrialization of bismuth-based catalysts.

Probing the Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Bismuth Nanoparticles via In-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy

The nucleation and growth mechanism of nanoparticles is an important theory,which can guide the preparation of nanomaterials.However,it is still lacking in direct observation on the details of the evolution of intermediate state structure during nucleation and growth.In this work,the evolution process of bismuth nanoparticles induced by electron beam was revealed by in-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)at atomic scale.The experimental results demonstrate that the size,stable surface and crystallographic defect have important influences on the growth of Bi nanoparticles.Two non-classical growth paths including single crystal growth and polycrystalline combined growth,as well as,corresponding layer-by-layer growth mechanism along{012}stable crystal plane of Bi nanoparticles with dodecahedron structure were revealed by in-situ TEM directly.These results provide important guidance and a new approach for in-depth understanding of the nucleation and growth kinetics of nanoparticles.

In situ observation of the phase transformation kinetics of bismuth during shock release

A time-resolved x-ray diffraction technique is employed to monitor the structural transformation of laser-shocked bismuth.Results reveal a retarded transformation from the shock-induced Bi-Ⅴphase to a metastable Bi-Ⅳphase during the shock release,instead of the thermodynamically stable Bi-Ⅲphase.The emergence of the metastable Bi-Ⅳphase is understood by the competitive interplay between two transformation pathways towards the Bi-Ⅳand Bi-Ⅲ,respectively.The former is more rapid than the latter because the Bi-Ⅴto B-Ⅳtransformation is driven by interaction between the closest atoms while the Bi-Ⅴto B-Ⅲtransformation requires interaction between the second-closest atoms.The nucleation time for the Bi-Ⅴto Bi-Ⅳtransformation is determined to be 5.1±0.9 ns according to a classical nucleation model.This observation demonstrates the importance of the formation of the transient metastable phases,which can change the phase transformation pathway in a dynamic process.

Soil Profile Concentration Distributions of Antimony and Bismuth across Southeastern Missouri (USA)

Recent research has suggested that increased industrial and technological utilization of antimony and bismuth necessitates greater research to determine the soil and water chemistry and the environmental risks associated with these elements. The near-total soil profile concentrations of antimony and bismuth were determined for key soil series across southeastern Missouri. The antimony concentrations ranged from 0.65 to 0.08 mg kg−1, whereas the bismuth soil profile concentrations ranged from 0.92 to 0.03 mg kg−1. Most pedons showed antimony concentrations ranging from 20 to 30 mg kg−1, whereas bismuth concentrations were commonly 10 to 20 mg kg−1. For soils having argillic horizons, antimony and bismuth concentrations were greater for the illuvial horizons than the eluvial horizons, whereas Entisols, Inceptisols, and one Vertisol showed rather uniform antimony and bismuth concentrations, features paralleling the soil texture distribution. Both antimony and bismuth showed significant correlations with iron.

Recent advances in bismuth-based photocatalysts:Environment and energy applications

Photocatalysis is an effective way to solve the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage.Numerous photocatalysts have been developed and various strategies have been proposed to improve the photocatalytic performance.Among them,Bi-based photocatalysts have become one of the most popular research topics due to their suitable band gaps,unique layered structures,and physicochemical properties.In this review,Bi-based photocatalysts(BiOX,BiVO_(4),Bi_(2)S_(3),Bi_(2)MoO_(6),and other Bi-based photocatalysts)have been summarized in the field of photocatalysis,including their applications of the removal of organic pollutants,hydrogen production,oxygen production etc.The preparation strategies on how to improve the photocatalytic performance and the possible photocatalytic mechanism are also summarized,which could supply new insights for fabricating high-efficient Bi-based photocatalysts.Finally,we summarize the current challenges and make a reasonable outlook on the future development direction of Bi-based photocatalysts.

Origin of Bismuth-Rich Strategy in Bismuth Oxyhalide Photocatalysts

Recently,the bismuth-rich strategy via increasing the bismuth content has been becoming one of the most appealing approaches to improve the photocatalytic performance of bismuth oxyhalides.However,insights into the mechanism behind the encouraging experiments are missing.Herein,we report the results of the theory-led comprehensive picture of bismuth-rich strategy in bismuth oxyhalide photocatalysts,selecting Bi_(5)O_(7)X(X=F,Cl,Br,I)as a prototype.First-principle calculations revealed that the strategy enables good n-type conductivity,large intrinsic internal electric field,high photoreduction ability and outstanding harvest of visible light,and particularly ranked the intrinsic activity of this family:Bi_(5)O_(7)F>Bi_(5)O_(7)I>Bi_(5)O_(7)Br>Bi_(5)O_(7)Cl.Designed experiments confirmed the theoretical predictions,and together,these results are expected to aid future development of advanced photocatalysts.

Effect of Bismuth Subgallate/Borneol Combined with Autologous Platelet-Rich Gel in the Treatment of Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Objective: To explore the effect of Bismuth Subgallate/Borneol (SuileTM BSB) healing dressing combined with autologous platelet-rich gel (APG) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods: A total of 120 patients with DFU hospitalized in the Changsha Central Hospital from August 2020 to September 2021 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group (BSB + APG, n = 60) and a control group (BSB, n = 60) according to random number table method. The total therapeutic effect, healing time, hospital stay, level indexes of various inflammatory factors before and after treatment and ulcer area were observed in the two groups. Results: The total effect of the control group was worse than that of the experimental group, and the data between the two groups were significant (P 0.05);after treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors including WBC, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the control group were higher than those in the experimental group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P 0.05);after 14 days of treatment, the ulcer area in the control group was larger than that in the experimental group, and the data between the two groups were significant (P Conclusion: BSB combined with APG can achieve better therapeutic effect, reduce the inflammatory reaction of patients, and promote wound healing in the treatment of patients with diabetic foot ulcer.

Bismuth-Complex-Incorporated Nanocellulose Sheet for Biomedical Application:A Review on New Nanocellulose Composites

Antibiotic resistance is one of the major issues in the medical field and a potential threat to human health.However,newly emerging antimicrobial compounds failed to combat antimicrobial resistance developed by bacterial pathogens.Recently,a bismuth-based complex has been developed to eradicate antimicrobial-resistant microorganism infections.The complex is known as organobismuth(III)phosphinate,which is said to be a potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.This complex has been incorporated into the nanocellulose suspension to fabricate a biomedical composite for various applications.The composite can be fabricated by two methods namely vacuum filtration and spray coating.In this paper,the surface and topography of the composite are investigated and discussed in terms of SEM micrographs and their antimicrobial potential.This review focuses on the organo-bismuth nanocellulose composite and its biomedical application in the future.

Effective ethanol-to-CO_(2) electrocatalysis at iridium-bismuth oxide featuring the impressive negative shifting of the working potential

Since low overpotential for the anodic ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)can favor the higher output voltage and power of direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs),it is critical to design new EOR catalysts with efficient ethanol-to-CO_(2)activity at low applied potentials.Thereby,carbon-supported Ir-Bi_(2)O_(3)(Ir-Bi_(2)O_(3)/C)catalysts with highly dispersive bismuth oxide on the iridium surface are designed and prepared,which can merit splitting the ethanol C–C bond and promoting the oxidation of C1 intermediates at the bifunctional interfaces.The as-obtained Ir-Bi2O3/C catalysts show superior EOR mass activity of up to ca.2250 m A mgIr-1.Moreover,they exhibit the record lowest onset oxidation potentials(0.17–0.22 V vs.RHE)and the peak potential(ca.0.58 V vs.RHE),being 130–300 m V lower than the previous landmark noble metallic catalysts.Furthermore,an apparent C1 pathway faraday efficiency(FEC1)of 28%±5.9%at 0.5 V vs.RHE can be obtained at Ir-Bi_(2)O_(3)/C.This work might provide new insights into the new anodic EOR catalysts for increasing the power of DEFCs.

Bismuth (III) Triflate Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles

Substituted imidazoles are of interest because of their useful biological activities. While several methods have been developed for the synthesis of such compounds, some of the reported methods utilize corrosive or toxic catalysts. We report a bismuth (III) triflate catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles. Bismuth (III) compounds are attractive from a green chemistry perspective because they are remarkably non-toxic and non-corrosive. Multicomponent syntheses save time and generate less waste.

Bismuth (III) Triflate Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles

Substituted imidazoles are of interest because of their useful biological activities. While several methods have been developed for the synthesis of such compounds, some of the reported methods utilize corrosive or toxic catalysts. We report a bismuth (III) triflate catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles. Bismuth (III) compounds are attractive from a green chemistry perspective because they are remarkably non-toxic and non-corrosive. Multicomponent syntheses save time and generate less waste.

Z型异质结Cu_(2)O/Bi_(2)MoO_(6)的构建及光催化降解性能

通过水热法制备出一系列Z型异质结Cu_(2)O/Bi_(2)MoO_(6)新型光催化剂。采用扫描电子显微镜、粉末X射线衍射、红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱等表征手段研究了催化剂的形貌、结构性质和光电化学性质,并以四环素(TC)为降解目标污染物,进一步探究了其催化效率。实验结果表明,Cu_(2)O的加入提高了复合催化剂的光催化性能,其中20%Cu_(2)O/Bi_(2)MoO_(6)复合催化剂(Cu_(2)O和Bi_(2)MoO_(6)的质量比为20%)降解效果最好,100 min内可降解95%的TC。Cu_(2)O与Bi_(2)MoO_(6)之间的协同作用使其可以吸收更多的可见光,所构建的Z型异质结改变了电子转移途径,提高了电子与空穴的分离效率,光催化活性显著提高。通过自由基捕获实验和能带结构,分析了Z型异质结Cu_(2)O/Bi_(2)MoO_(6)复合催化剂光催化降解TC可能的机理。

微型铅铋反应堆小型化与轻量化设计优化方法研究

微型铅铋反应堆在实现核能综合利用方面具有独特优势,是未来可移动能源供给技术的重要选项,其小型化和轻量化是提高铅铋核动力装置总体性能的源头和关键。本文针对微型铅铋反应堆小型化和轻量化设计优化中的多物理、多变量、多约束耦合影响难题,首先通过分析燃料/冷却剂、固体慢化剂/反射层材料对堆芯临界尺寸及质量的影响开展了燃料/材料选型,然后采用自主开发的铅铋反应堆多物理智能设计优化平台DOPPLER开展了堆芯多因素协同优化设计,提出了一种小型化与轻量化的5 MWt微型铅铋反应堆概念设计方案MILLER-5,堆内装载核燃料139.8 kg,功率密度为114.8 W/cm^(3),换料周期为1000 d,堆芯具备平稳的反应性波动与平坦的功率分布,反应性系数均为负值,且稳态热工安全裕量较大。

改性钨酸铋纳米材料用于六价铬与环丙沙星光催化共降解研究

抗生素与重金属离子常在废水中共存,提高了废水处理难度,因此亟需高效的处理方法实现二者的共降解.在此,通过一种简单的溶剂热法合成了具有氧空位和3D中空结构钨酸铋光催化材料,实现了六价铬和环丙沙星的高效光催化共降解,光催化反应40 min后可将二者降解99%.实验及表征结果表明,氧空位的引入促进了光生载流子的分离与迁移,使得更多的电子和空穴参与氧化还原反应,进而显著提高了光催化共降解效率.同时,结合降解转化产物检测结果,分析了降解机理与路径.本工作为抗生素/重金属共存废水的处理提出了一种可行的高效方法.

新型钼铋硫化矿捕收剂CYB⁃06的开发及工业应用

针对柿竹园钼铋硫化矿矿石特点,开发了新型环保硫化矿捕收剂CYB⁃06。工业试验结果表明,以CYB⁃06和乙硫氮为组合捕收剂,硫化矿全浮选精矿钼、铋、硫回收率分别为84.12%、67.90%、83.28%,较丁基黄药与乙硫氮组合使用时分别提高了2.32、2.82、6.55个百分点;浮选尾水COD值117 mg/L,较丁基黄药与乙硫氮组合使用时降低了41.21%。新型捕收剂CYB⁃06无刺激性气味、选别指标良好、尾矿废水COD值低,对矿山企业提质增效、清洁生产和环境保护具有重要意义。

氧化铋负载聚丙烯腈复合球体对溶液中碘的吸附性能研究

采用水热法和相转移法合成了易于实现固液分离的氧化铋负载聚丙烯腈复合球体,将其用于溶液中碘离子的吸附性能研究,详细探讨了氧化铋和聚丙烯腈的物质的量比、体系酸度、碘离子初始浓度等因素对碘离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当氧化铋和聚丙烯腈的物质的量比为2∶1时,合成的吸附剂吸附效果最佳,溶液pH为7.0时,吸附剂对碘离子的吸附在210 min可达吸附平衡,最大实验吸附容量为122.3 mg/g。Langmuir和准二级动力学模型可以较好地拟合该吸附过程,Langmuir拟合计算得到的理论吸附容量为135.7 mg/g,动力学拟合表明该吸附以化学过程为主,颗粒内扩散会对吸附速率产生较大影响。采用氯化钾溶液可以洗脱被吸附的碘离子,吸附洗脱实验结果表明氧化铋负载聚丙烯腈复合球体的重复使用性良好。

铋酸盐封接玻璃的研究及其连接应用现状

无铅低温封接玻璃由于具有绿色安全、成本低、封接温度低等优势,被广泛应用于航空航天、电真空、集成电路等领域。在磷酸盐、钒酸盐、硼酸盐和铋酸盐等多种封接玻璃体系中,因铋与铅具有相似的性质特点,使得铋酸盐玻璃成为最有可能替代铅酸盐玻璃的绿色玻璃钎料。综述了铋酸盐玻璃的成分和性能调控、网络结构的研究现状,介绍了目前使用铋酸盐封接玻璃进行金属、陶瓷同质/异质材料连接的研究进展,最后对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。