Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Substitute, Bisphenol F, on the Gut Microbiota in Mice

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of bisphenol A(BPA)and its substitute,bisphenol F(BPF),on the colonic fecal community structure and function of mice.Methods We exposed 6–8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to 5 mg/(kg∙day)and 50μg/(kg∙day)of BPA or BPF for 14 days.Fecal samples from the colon were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.Results Gut microbiome community richness and diversity,species composition,and function were significantly altered in mice exposed to BPA or BPF.This change was characterized by elevated levels of Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Oscillibacter and decreased levels of Prevotella 9 and Streptococcus.Additionally,pathways related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism showed substantial enrichment.Conclusion Mice exposed to different BP analogs exhibited distinct gut bacterial community richness,composition,and related metabolic pathways.Considering the essential role of gut bacteria in maintaining intestinal homeostasis,our study highlights the intestinal toxicity of BPs in vertebrates.

Modified Atmospheric Packaging and Its Effect on Postharvest Cannabis Quality

Cannabis sativa L. is used as fiber, food, and medicine in several countries. Though it is illegal for recreational use in most of the world, there are some countries that have legalized production and sale. There is a lot of research on production of cannabis, but less so on storage technologies. Cannabis contains several high value compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenoids, that are susceptible to degradation via light, temperature, and oxygen. Several studies have explored temperature and light, and industry has adjusted accordingly. However, less is known about oxygen-induced degradation. Biochemical studies have demonstrated oxidative degradation of high value compounds, and many producers use some form of modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) for storage. However, the efficacy of MAP is unclear. The objective of this paper is to review our current understanding of MAP in postharvest cannabis storage and identify avenues where additional research is needed.

A novel bellidifolin intervention mitigates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-like changes induced by bisphenol F

As a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical,bisphenol F(BPF)may cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)-like changes,but the mechanisms under its pathogenesis as well as the intervention strategies remain unclear.Using the electron microscopy technology,along with LipidTOX Deep Red neutral and Bodipy 493/503 staining assays,we observed that BPF treatment elicited a striking accumulation of lipid droplets in HepG2 cells,accompanied by an increased total level of triglycerides.At the molecular level,the lipogenesis-associated mRNAs and proteins,including acetyl-CoA carboxylase,fatty acid synthase,stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins,increased significantly via the AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling regulation in both in vitro and in vivo studies.Furthermore,the immunofluorescence results also showed the robust lipogenesis induced by BPF,evident in its ability to promote the translocation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c from the cytoplasm to the nuclei.To investigate the intervention strategies for BPF-induced NAFLD-like changes,we demonstrated that bellidifolin,isolated and purified from Swertia chirayita,significantly attenuated BPF-induced lipid droplet deposition in HepG2 cells and NAFLD-like changes in mice by blocking the expression of lipogenesis-associated proteins.Therefore,the present study elucidates the mechanisms underlying the BPF-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells,while also highlighting the potential of bellidifolin to mitigate BPF-induced NAFLD-like changes.

Advanced oxidation via the synergy of C-defective/C-O band modified ultrathin porous g-C_(3)N_(4)and PMS for efficient photothermal degradation of bisphenol pollutants and lignin derivatives

This work uses thermal polymerization of urea nitrate,oxyacetic acid and urea as the raw material to prepare ultra-thin porous carbon nitride with carbon defects and C-O band(OA-UN-CN).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations showed OA-UN-CN had narrower band gap,faster electron transport and a new internal construction electric field.Additionally,the prepared OA-UN-CN significantly enhanced photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)due to enhanced light absorption performance and faster electron overflow.As the result,the OA-UN-CN/PMS could entirely degrade bisphenol A(BPA)within 30 min,where the photodegradation rate was 81.8 and 7.9 times higher than that of g-C_(3)N_(4)and OA-UN-CN,respectively.Beyond,the OA-UN-CN/PMS could likewise degrade other bisphenol pollutants and sodium lignosulfonate efficiently.We suggested possible photocatalytic degradation pathways accordingly and explored the toxicity of its degradation products.This work provides a new idea on the development of advanced photocatalytic oxidation processes for the treatment of bisphenol pollutants and lignin derivatives,via a metal-free photothermal-catalyst.

Garcinia Kola and Kolaviron Attenuates Bisphenol A-Induced Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in Male Wistar Rats

Bisphenol A (BPA), a toxicant which can leach into food from plastic containers, is reported to induce neurotoxicity among others via oxidative mechanisms. However, antioxidant compounds have been suggested to mitigate BPA-induced toxicities. Garcinia kola (GK) and its bioactive compound, kolaviron, are well-established natural antioxidants, which can exert protective effects against BPA-induced toxicities. This study was designed to investigate the likely mitigating effect of GK and kolaviron on BPA-induced memory impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in male Wistar rats. Thirty-five rats were equally grouped and treated as follows: I and II received distilled water and corn oil, respectively at 0.2 mL, while III - VII received BPA (50 mg/kg), BPA + GK (200 mg/kg), BPA + kolaviron (200 mg/kg), GK and kolaviron, respectively for 28 days p.o. Thereafter, behavioral studies were done using the Novel Object Recognition and Y maze tests. Subsequently under anaesthesia, the hippocampus in each animal was dissected out, homogenized and analysed for malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione transferase, nitrites, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, acetylcholinesterase, glutamate acid decarboxylase, and arginase activity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test at p p Garcinia kola and Kolaviron mitigate bisphenol A-induced memory impairment and neuroinflammation via antioxidant potentiation and neurotransmitter balance.

Fabrication of a novel electrochemical sensor based on MnFe_(2)O_(4)/graphene modified glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive detection of bisphenol A

Manganese ferrite(MnFe_(2)O_(4))has the advantages of simple preparation,high resistivity,and high crystal symmetry.Herein,we have developed an electrochemical sensor utilizing graphene and MnFe_(2)O_(4) nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode(GCE),which is very efficient and sensitive to detect bisphenol A(BPA).MnFe_(2)O_(4)/graphene(GR)was synthesized by immobilizing the MnFe_(2)O_(4) microspheres on the graphene nanosheets via a simple one-pot solvothermal method.The morphology and structure of the MnFe_(2)O_(4)/GR nanocomposite have been characterized through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).In addition,electrochemical properties of the modified materials are comparably explored by means of cyclic voltammetry(CV),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and differential pulse voltammetry(DPV).Under the optimal conditions,the proposed electrochemical sensor for the detection of BPA has a linear range of 0.8-400μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.0235μmol/L(S/N=3)with high sensitivity,good selectivity and high stability.In addition,the proposed sensor was used to measure the content of BPA in real water samples with a recovery rate of 97.94%-104.56%.At present,the synthesis of MnFe_(2)O_(4)/GR provides more opportunities for the electrochemical detection of BPA in practical applications.

Sustainable, thermoplastic and hydrophobic coating from natural cellulose and cinnamon to fabricate eco-friendly catering packaging

Non-degradable polymers cause serious environmental pollution problem,such as the widely-used while unrecyclable coatings which significantly affect the overall degradation performance of products.It is imperative and attractive to develop biodegradable functional coatings.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy to successfully prepare biodegradable,thermoplastic and hydrophobic coatings with high transparence and biosafety by weakening the interchain interactions between cellulose chain.The natural cellulose and cinnamic acid were as raw materials.Via reducing the degree of polymerization(DP)of cellulose and regulating the degree of substitution(DS)of cinnamate moiety,the obtained cellulose cinnamate(CC)exhibited not only the thermalflow behavior but also good biodegradability,which solves the conflict between the thermoplasticity and biodegradability in cellulose-based materials.The glass transition temperature(T_(g))and thermalflow temperature(T_(f))of the CC could be adjusted in a range of 150–200℃ and 180–210℃,respectively.The CC with DS<1.2 and DP≤100 degraded more than 60%after an enzyme treatment for 7 days,and degraded more than 80%after a composting treatment for 42 days.Furthermore,CC had no toxicity to human epidermal cells even at a high concentration(0.5 mg mL^(-1)).In addition,CC could be easily fabricated into multifunctional coating with high hydrophobicity,thermal adhesion and high transparence.Therefore,after combining with cellophane and paperboard,CC coating with low DP and DS could be used to prepare fully-biodegradable heat-sealing packaging,art paper,paper cups,paper straws and food packaging boxes.

Detection of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Plastic Bottles Using Vertical Cultivation at Various Temperatures

Polycarbonate plastics containing bisphenol A (BPA) used to manufacture drinking water bottles. Kurdistan region in northern Iraq is a developed area with increased pollution from plastic bottles. Trace amounts of BPA have been detected in bottled water samples. The absorption of BPA was measured with HPLC using a vertical cultivation system with Bulbs of the Allium Cepa plant planted in these plastic bottles with monitored growth. Vertical cultivation was found to have a low level of BPA in the plant cells, making it a safe cultivation method under specific climate conditions. The mean concentration of BPA in vertical cultivation is 0.19 ug/ml (3.8 ng for a 20 uL injection), and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 0.63 ug/ml (12.7 ng for 20 uL injection). While Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that the concentrations are relatively low in water samples stored at room temperature compared to those exposed to direct sunlight (40°C) and water bottle samples stored at (-4°C), The correlation coefficients were found to be good (0.9992). SEM is used for plastic bottle samples stored at different temperatures. The images identify compound decay and explore the morphology of BPA in manufactured plastic materials.

Synergism of Zinc Oxide/Organoclay-Loaded Poly(lactic acid) Hybrid Nanocomposite Plasticized by Triacetin for Sustainable Active Food Packaging

The synergistic effect of organoclay(OC)and zinc oxide(ZnO)nanoparticles on the crucial properties of poly(lactic acid)(PLA)nanocompositefilms was systematically investigated herein.After their incorporation into PLA via the solvent casting technique,the water vapor barrier property of the PLA/OC/ZnOfilm improved by a maximum of 86%compared to the neat PLAfilm without the deterioration of Young’s modulus or the tensile strength.Moreover,thefilm’s self-antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens,including gram-negative(Escherichia coli,E.coli)and gram-positive(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus)bacteria,was enhanced by a max-imum of approximately 98–99%compared to the neat PLAfilm.Furthermore,SEM images revealed the homo-geneous dispersion of both nano-fillers in the PLA matrix.However,the thermal stability of thefilm decreased slightly after the addition of the OC and ZnO.Thefilm exhibited notable light barrier properties in the UV-Vis range.Moreover,the incorporation of a suitable biodegradable plasticizer significantly decreased the Tg and notably enhanced theflexibility of the nanocompositefilm by increasing the elongation at break approxi-mately 1.5-fold compared to that of the neat PLAfilm.This contributes to its feasibility as an active food packa-ging material.

Analysis of quality-related proteins in golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)fillets with modified atmosphere packaging under superchilling storage

Here,we aimed to study the changes in proteome of golden pompano fillets during post-mortem storage.Tandem mass tags(TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic strategy was applied to investigate the relationships between protein changes and quality characteristics of modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)fillets during superchilling(-3°C)storage.Scanning electron microscopy was used to show that the muscle histology microstructure of fillets was damaged to varying degrees,and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance was used to find that the immobilized water and free water in the muscle of fillets changed significantly.Total sulfhydryl content,TCA-soluble peptides and Ca2+-ATPase activity also showed that the fillet protein had a deterioration by oxidation and denaturation.The Fresh(FS),MAP,and air packaging(AP)groups were set.Total of 150 proteins were identified as differential abundant proteins(DAPs)in MAP/FS,while 209 DAPs were in AP/FS group.The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that most DAPs were involved in binding proteins and protein turnover.Correlation analysis found that 52 DAPs were correlated with quality traits.Among them,8 highly correlated DAPs are expected to be used as potential quality markers for protein oxidation and water-holding capacity.These results provide a further understanding of the muscle deterioration mechanism of packaging golden pompano fillets during superchilling.

Study on the Influence of Food Packaging on the Psychology of Different Groups of Consumers

With the vigorous development of consumer culture in today’s society,various types of food packaging also appear in front of consumers in different forms.There are very big differences in food packaging in terms of shape,color,style and other aspects of information transmission,which have the most direct impact on the audience’s food consumption needs.Driven by the consumption-oriented society,food packaging has shown very obvious comprehensive characteristics,is significantly interdisciplinary,and has close connections with other disciplines.This article will analyze and sort out the impact of food packaging on consumer psychology from different perspectives.

Research on Silicon Carbide Dispersion-Reinforced Hypereutectic Aluminum-Silicon Electronic Packaging Materials

The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and machining performance of high thermal conductivity and low expansion silicon carbide dispersion-strengthened hypereutectic aluminum-silicon electronic packaging materials to meet the needs of aviation,aerospace,and electronic packaging fields.We used the powder metallurgy method and high-temperature hot pressing technology to prepare SiC/Al-Si composite materials with different SiC contents(5vol%,10vol%,15vol%,and 20vol%).The results showed that as the SiC content increased,the tensile strength of the composite material first increased and then decreased.The tensile strength was the highest when the SiC content was 15%;the sintering temperature significantly affected the composite material’s structural density and mechanical properties.Findings indicated 700℃was the optimal sintering and the optimal SiC content of SiC/Al-Si composite materials was between 10%and 15%.Besides,the sintering temperature should be strictly controlled to improve the material’s structural density and mechanical properties.

Bisphenol A (BPA) Contamination in Whole Milk Marketed in Different Packages

Bisphenol A (BPA), an important endocrine disruptor, is used in the manufacturing of various materials, including food packaging. Ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs is, in fact, the most relevant form of exposure to this substance. However, scarce data on the presence of this contaminant in milk, or whether different types of food packaging influence food contamination are available in Brazil. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the BPA contamination of whole milk (fluid and powder) samples packaged in different types of packaging (Tetra Pak?;PET: Poly (ethylene terephthalate;Metallic can (epoxy resin);Polyethylene (PE) and poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDC);Laminated Film - Metallized Polyester-Polyethylene and glass) and marketed metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An analytical method for the BPA determination in milk was optimized for both fluid (pasteurized and ultra-high temperature) and powdered milk samples. A modified QuEChERS method was applied, and BPA determinations were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with sequential mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The validated method was then applied to 51 milk samples, where BPA was detected in five samples (9.8%) and quantified in two (3.8%).

双酚A在消落带土壤中的吸附/解吸及降解行为

为探究双酚A(BPA)在消落带的环境行为,于涪陵清溪消落带采集不同高程土壤样品(S_(L):155m,S_(M):160m,S_(H):165m),开展批量吸附/解吸和模拟降解实验,研究了BPA在消落带土壤中的吸附、解吸及降解行为.15℃、25℃、35℃条件下,各高程土壤对BPA的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,吸附能力均随温度升高而降低,并表现出一定吸附非线性.各实验温度下,消落带土壤对BPA的吸附能力均与土壤有机质含量趋势一致,随采样高程降低而增加(S_(L)>S_(M)>S_(H)).吸附热力学参数ΔG、ΔH和ΔS均小于0,BPA在消落带土壤中的吸附为自发、放热的熵减过程,受物理吸附主导.解吸迟滞系数HI(0.853-0.981)接近1,BPA在消落带土壤中的解吸迟滞性不明显,易于解吸释放.25℃实验条件下,BPA在消落带土壤中的降解半衰期为S_(L)(4.88d)<S_(M)(6.68d)<S_(H)(10.07d),落干期较长区域的土壤中BPA降解速率更低.10℃条件下,BPA在土壤S_(H)中的降解半衰期延长至12.01d,分别为25℃的1.19倍和35℃的1.20倍,低温条件抑制BPA的降解.

基于改进AHP法的农旅产品包装设计策略探析

基于改进AHP法构建农旅产品包装设计的系统框架,可为农旅产品的包装设计提供借鉴。论文通过钻石模型及多种调研方法明确产品定位,剖析用户需求,转译为设计要素并构建设计要素的层级模型,进而建立判断矩阵推算设计要素的权重和重要性排序。排序结果显示:包装色彩搭配要素是最重要的,满足包装礼品互赠的情感价值;其次,赋予包装农旅融合的文化价值及商业价值是基本要求,绿色生态的质感能为包装增色。在该排序指导下生成的设计方案评分优秀。通过设计实例证明了基于改进AHP法的包装设计框架能够有效提升农旅产品的包装品质,具有可行性。

2,6⁃单取代双酚A间苯二甲醛树脂的合成及其在可逆热敏变色复合NiBR膜中的应用

采用双酚A与低熔点、弱π⁃π堆积作用且活性略高于对苯二甲醛(TPD)的潜在生物质——间苯二甲醛(IPD)为单体,在开放与溶液共缩聚体系中,微波辅助合成数均相对分子质量(M_(n))为1.150×10^(3)g/mol、多分散指数(PDI)为1.004的2,6⁃单取代双酚A间苯二甲醛低聚酚醛树脂,采用核磁氢谱(^(1)H⁃NMR)、核磁碳谱(^(13)C⁃NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征其结构,以树脂做显色剂制备可逆热敏变色复合镍系顺丁橡胶膜。结果表明,由于IPD的低熔点、弱π⁃π堆积作用,BPA⁃IPD树脂的柔性及部分生成的IPD端COOH,有利于生成潜热较低的低、高温段共结晶相,提升低温段共结晶相的结晶限、变色速度(ΔE/t)以及与1,4⁃高顺式顺丁橡胶(NiBR)的互容性、稳定性;经配方优化的复合膜,在12~37℃的总色差(ΔE),在480~600 nm、600~660 nm可见光区的吸收/散射色差(ΔK S)分别达85左右,20与45左右,ΔE/t达2.14 s^(-1)。

BPA可逆热敏变色复合材料制备方法及其应用研究进展

综述了BPA可逆热敏变色材料的制备及其应用,以及复配法、无机包覆法、微胶囊法、湿成膜法和近年来的2,6-单取代双酚A复合膜新方法,并分析了2,6-单取代法中膜结晶相变与二醛、酚醛树脂及胶种的关系。2,6-单取代双酚A线型或芳香酚醛树脂及其复合膜有机体系的设计与研究将进一步推动该类材料在具有可调的迟滞响应相变智能窗口,超低温变色敏感性、变色深度、稳定性,环境友好型合成树脂及塑料及实验教学等方面的应用。

Mask在包装材料气体阻隔性能检测中的应用研究

目的研究和评价mask在材料气体阻隔性检测中的应用及其检测数据的重复性、准确性和数据稳定性。方法选用覆盖高阻隔、中阻隔、低阻隔等阻隔性能范围的5种样品,使用3种不同面积的mask和仪器测试腔原有面积对样品进行测试,并对测试结果重复性、稳定性和准确性进行分析评价。结果高阻隔材料PET硬片使用面积12.56 cm^(2)的mask测试时,可以得到较为稳定的检测结果,而在使用更小面积(1.77、5 cm^(2))的mask时,测试结果的相对标准偏差、相对极差和测试数据偏差都较差,不推荐使用。KOP/CPP在使用1.77 cm^(2)的mask测试时,测试结果相对标准偏差和测试数据偏差都略大于10%。PET/CPP在使用1.77 cm^(2)的mask测试时,其测试数据偏差略大于10%。BOPE/LDPE和TPU使用1.77 cm^(2)的mask测试可以得到良好的检测结果。结论Mask是解决试样材料特性、设备量程限制、试样尺寸等测试困难的优秀解决方案。对于中、低阻隔材料的透气性测试,使用mask可获得具有良好可信度和稳定性的测试数据。而在进行氧气透过率的测试时应尽量选择大的测试面积。小面积mask不适用于高阻隔材料的气体阻隔性测试。

基于CiteSpace的国内快递包装研究热点及趋势分析

目的基于知网相关文献,使用知识图谱分析国内快递包装研究热点和趋势,为后续快递包装相关研究提供参考。方法应用CiteSpace软件,将2014—2023年知网收录的以“快递包装”为主题的110篇核心文献作为研究对象,通过发文趋势研究、核心作者分析和发文机构分析、关键词共现、聚类分析、关键词突现分析等方法,挖掘快递包装领域的研究现状、热点和趋势。结论我国快递包装相关领域的研究呈波动上升趋势,作者之间、科研机构之间的合作均较为紧密,研究热点主要包括快递包装循环利用,共享化、智能化、标准化、模块化绿色快递包装设计,发展方向包括专利保护、包装设计、运输包装、循环利用、仿真等。

基于MaxEnt模型的华东地区香果树地理分布预测

香果树(Emmenopterys henryi)是中国特有的单种属珍稀濒危树种,也是第四纪冰川孑遗植物之一。华东地区香果树种群退化,江苏境内濒临灭绝。预测香果树在华东地区当前及未来时期的潜在适生区,揭示其地理分布格局变化的关键因子,对有效保护香果树野生资源具有重要意义。该研究以ENMeval软件包确定MaxEnt最优参数,利用54条华东地区现代地理分布记录和7个环境变量,基于优化后的MaxEnt模型预测华东地区香果树在现代、2040年、2060年和2080年的潜在分布区。综合Jackknife检验、置换重要值和贡献率,探讨制约其在华东地区分布的主导环境因子。结果表明,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC值)为0.801,说明MaxEnt模型预测结果良好;当前香果树在华东地区的中度和高度适宜分布区较小,主要分布于各省山地丘陵地区;在未来气候变化情景下,香果树适生区分布会有不同程度变化,华东地区香果树在未来20 a内分布区将进一步扩张,自2040年后迅速缩小,2080年后在平原地区消失。温度因子(年均温、平均日温差、最湿季均温、温度季节变化方差)和降雨因子(年降水量、最干季降雨量)均限制着香果树的分布。