Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Substitute, Bisphenol F, on the Gut Microbiota in Mice

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of bisphenol A(BPA)and its substitute,bisphenol F(BPF),on the colonic fecal community structure and function of mice.Methods We exposed 6–8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to 5 mg/(kg∙day)and 50μg/(kg∙day)of BPA or BPF for 14 days.Fecal samples from the colon were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.Results Gut microbiome community richness and diversity,species composition,and function were significantly altered in mice exposed to BPA or BPF.This change was characterized by elevated levels of Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Oscillibacter and decreased levels of Prevotella 9 and Streptococcus.Additionally,pathways related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism showed substantial enrichment.Conclusion Mice exposed to different BP analogs exhibited distinct gut bacterial community richness,composition,and related metabolic pathways.Considering the essential role of gut bacteria in maintaining intestinal homeostasis,our study highlights the intestinal toxicity of BPs in vertebrates.

Modified Atmospheric Packaging and Its Effect on Postharvest Cannabis Quality

Cannabis sativa L. is used as fiber, food, and medicine in several countries. Though it is illegal for recreational use in most of the world, there are some countries that have legalized production and sale. There is a lot of research on production of cannabis, but less so on storage technologies. Cannabis contains several high value compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenoids, that are susceptible to degradation via light, temperature, and oxygen. Several studies have explored temperature and light, and industry has adjusted accordingly. However, less is known about oxygen-induced degradation. Biochemical studies have demonstrated oxidative degradation of high value compounds, and many producers use some form of modified atmospheric packaging (MAP) for storage. However, the efficacy of MAP is unclear. The objective of this paper is to review our current understanding of MAP in postharvest cannabis storage and identify avenues where additional research is needed.

Garcinia Kola and Kolaviron Attenuates Bisphenol A-Induced Memory Impairment and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in Male Wistar Rats

Bisphenol A (BPA), a toxicant which can leach into food from plastic containers, is reported to induce neurotoxicity among others via oxidative mechanisms. However, antioxidant compounds have been suggested to mitigate BPA-induced toxicities. Garcinia kola (GK) and its bioactive compound, kolaviron, are well-established natural antioxidants, which can exert protective effects against BPA-induced toxicities. This study was designed to investigate the likely mitigating effect of GK and kolaviron on BPA-induced memory impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation in male Wistar rats. Thirty-five rats were equally grouped and treated as follows: I and II received distilled water and corn oil, respectively at 0.2 mL, while III - VII received BPA (50 mg/kg), BPA + GK (200 mg/kg), BPA + kolaviron (200 mg/kg), GK and kolaviron, respectively for 28 days p.o. Thereafter, behavioral studies were done using the Novel Object Recognition and Y maze tests. Subsequently under anaesthesia, the hippocampus in each animal was dissected out, homogenized and analysed for malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione transferase, nitrites, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, acetylcholinesterase, glutamate acid decarboxylase, and arginase activity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Post-hoc test at p p Garcinia kola and Kolaviron mitigate bisphenol A-induced memory impairment and neuroinflammation via antioxidant potentiation and neurotransmitter balance.

Sustainable, thermoplastic and hydrophobic coating from natural cellulose and cinnamon to fabricate eco-friendly catering packaging

Non-degradable polymers cause serious environmental pollution problem,such as the widely-used while unrecyclable coatings which significantly affect the overall degradation performance of products.It is imperative and attractive to develop biodegradable functional coatings.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy to successfully prepare biodegradable,thermoplastic and hydrophobic coatings with high transparence and biosafety by weakening the interchain interactions between cellulose chain.The natural cellulose and cinnamic acid were as raw materials.Via reducing the degree of polymerization(DP)of cellulose and regulating the degree of substitution(DS)of cinnamate moiety,the obtained cellulose cinnamate(CC)exhibited not only the thermalflow behavior but also good biodegradability,which solves the conflict between the thermoplasticity and biodegradability in cellulose-based materials.The glass transition temperature(T_(g))and thermalflow temperature(T_(f))of the CC could be adjusted in a range of 150–200℃ and 180–210℃,respectively.The CC with DS<1.2 and DP≤100 degraded more than 60%after an enzyme treatment for 7 days,and degraded more than 80%after a composting treatment for 42 days.Furthermore,CC had no toxicity to human epidermal cells even at a high concentration(0.5 mg mL^(-1)).In addition,CC could be easily fabricated into multifunctional coating with high hydrophobicity,thermal adhesion and high transparence.Therefore,after combining with cellophane and paperboard,CC coating with low DP and DS could be used to prepare fully-biodegradable heat-sealing packaging,art paper,paper cups,paper straws and food packaging boxes.

Analysis of quality-related proteins in golden pompano(Trachinotus ovatus)fillets with modified atmosphere packaging under superchilling storage

Here,we aimed to study the changes in proteome of golden pompano fillets during post-mortem storage.Tandem mass tags(TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic strategy was applied to investigate the relationships between protein changes and quality characteristics of modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)fillets during superchilling(-3°C)storage.Scanning electron microscopy was used to show that the muscle histology microstructure of fillets was damaged to varying degrees,and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance was used to find that the immobilized water and free water in the muscle of fillets changed significantly.Total sulfhydryl content,TCA-soluble peptides and Ca2+-ATPase activity also showed that the fillet protein had a deterioration by oxidation and denaturation.The Fresh(FS),MAP,and air packaging(AP)groups were set.Total of 150 proteins were identified as differential abundant proteins(DAPs)in MAP/FS,while 209 DAPs were in AP/FS group.The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that most DAPs were involved in binding proteins and protein turnover.Correlation analysis found that 52 DAPs were correlated with quality traits.Among them,8 highly correlated DAPs are expected to be used as potential quality markers for protein oxidation and water-holding capacity.These results provide a further understanding of the muscle deterioration mechanism of packaging golden pompano fillets during superchilling.

Study on the Influence of Food Packaging on the Psychology of Different Groups of Consumers

With the vigorous development of consumer culture in today’s society,various types of food packaging also appear in front of consumers in different forms.There are very big differences in food packaging in terms of shape,color,style and other aspects of information transmission,which have the most direct impact on the audience’s food consumption needs.Driven by the consumption-oriented society,food packaging has shown very obvious comprehensive characteristics,is significantly interdisciplinary,and has close connections with other disciplines.This article will analyze and sort out the impact of food packaging on consumer psychology from different perspectives.

Research on Silicon Carbide Dispersion-Reinforced Hypereutectic Aluminum-Silicon Electronic Packaging Materials

The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and machining performance of high thermal conductivity and low expansion silicon carbide dispersion-strengthened hypereutectic aluminum-silicon electronic packaging materials to meet the needs of aviation,aerospace,and electronic packaging fields.We used the powder metallurgy method and high-temperature hot pressing technology to prepare SiC/Al-Si composite materials with different SiC contents(5vol%,10vol%,15vol%,and 20vol%).The results showed that as the SiC content increased,the tensile strength of the composite material first increased and then decreased.The tensile strength was the highest when the SiC content was 15%;the sintering temperature significantly affected the composite material’s structural density and mechanical properties.Findings indicated 700℃was the optimal sintering and the optimal SiC content of SiC/Al-Si composite materials was between 10%and 15%.Besides,the sintering temperature should be strictly controlled to improve the material’s structural density and mechanical properties.

Bisphenol A (BPA) Contamination in Whole Milk Marketed in Different Packages

Bisphenol A (BPA), an important endocrine disruptor, is used in the manufacturing of various materials, including food packaging. Ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs is, in fact, the most relevant form of exposure to this substance. However, scarce data on the presence of this contaminant in milk, or whether different types of food packaging influence food contamination are available in Brazil. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the BPA contamination of whole milk (fluid and powder) samples packaged in different types of packaging (Tetra Pak?;PET: Poly (ethylene terephthalate;Metallic can (epoxy resin);Polyethylene (PE) and poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDC);Laminated Film - Metallized Polyester-Polyethylene and glass) and marketed metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An analytical method for the BPA determination in milk was optimized for both fluid (pasteurized and ultra-high temperature) and powdered milk samples. A modified QuEChERS method was applied, and BPA determinations were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with sequential mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The validated method was then applied to 51 milk samples, where BPA was detected in five samples (9.8%) and quantified in two (3.8%).

基于改进AHP法的农旅产品包装设计策略探析

基于改进AHP法构建农旅产品包装设计的系统框架,可为农旅产品的包装设计提供借鉴。论文通过钻石模型及多种调研方法明确产品定位,剖析用户需求,转译为设计要素并构建设计要素的层级模型,进而建立判断矩阵推算设计要素的权重和重要性排序。排序结果显示:包装色彩搭配要素是最重要的,满足包装礼品互赠的情感价值;其次,赋予包装农旅融合的文化价值及商业价值是基本要求,绿色生态的质感能为包装增色。在该排序指导下生成的设计方案评分优秀。通过设计实例证明了基于改进AHP法的包装设计框架能够有效提升农旅产品的包装品质,具有可行性。

2,6⁃单取代双酚A间苯二甲醛树脂的合成及其在可逆热敏变色复合NiBR膜中的应用

采用双酚A与低熔点、弱π⁃π堆积作用且活性略高于对苯二甲醛(TPD)的潜在生物质——间苯二甲醛(IPD)为单体,在开放与溶液共缩聚体系中,微波辅助合成数均相对分子质量(M_(n))为1.150×10^(3)g/mol、多分散指数(PDI)为1.004的2,6⁃单取代双酚A间苯二甲醛低聚酚醛树脂,采用核磁氢谱(^(1)H⁃NMR)、核磁碳谱(^(13)C⁃NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征其结构,以树脂做显色剂制备可逆热敏变色复合镍系顺丁橡胶膜。结果表明,由于IPD的低熔点、弱π⁃π堆积作用,BPA⁃IPD树脂的柔性及部分生成的IPD端COOH,有利于生成潜热较低的低、高温段共结晶相,提升低温段共结晶相的结晶限、变色速度(ΔE/t)以及与1,4⁃高顺式顺丁橡胶(NiBR)的互容性、稳定性;经配方优化的复合膜,在12~37℃的总色差(ΔE),在480~600 nm、600~660 nm可见光区的吸收/散射色差(ΔK S)分别达85左右,20与45左右,ΔE/t达2.14 s^(-1)。

BPA可逆热敏变色复合材料制备方法及其应用研究进展

综述了BPA可逆热敏变色材料的制备及其应用,以及复配法、无机包覆法、微胶囊法、湿成膜法和近年来的2,6-单取代双酚A复合膜新方法,并分析了2,6-单取代法中膜结晶相变与二醛、酚醛树脂及胶种的关系。2,6-单取代双酚A线型或芳香酚醛树脂及其复合膜有机体系的设计与研究将进一步推动该类材料在具有可调的迟滞响应相变智能窗口,超低温变色敏感性、变色深度、稳定性,环境友好型合成树脂及塑料及实验教学等方面的应用。

Antibacterial Chitosan-Gelatin Microcapsules Modified with Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Food Packaging

Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are an effective antibacterial agent,but their application in food packaging is limited due to their easy agglomeration and oxidation.In this study,antibacterial microcapsules were fabricated using Ginkgo biloba essential oil(GBEO)as core material and chitosan and type B gelatin biopolymer as capsule mate-rials.These antibacterial microcapsules were then modified with green-synthesized Ag NPs,blended into the bio-polymer polylactic acid(PLA),and finally formed as films.Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were evaluated.Results showed that the prepared antibacterial PLA films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens.Its TVC exceeded the limit value of 7 log CFU/g at 7 days compared with the 5 days of pure PLA films.Therefore,these films can extend the shelf life of grass carp fillets by 2–3 days under refrigeration.

基于人工势场算法改进的AGV自主避障路径规划算法及其应用

为解决AGV在瓦楞纸包装车间运行中难于从起始到目标位置寻求最优且避障的路径难题,提出了一种基于人工势场算法改进的自主避障路径规划算法。首先,将目的地与AGV的相对距离加入斥力函数中,对引力函数建立梯度,以解决目的地与障碍物较近导致的目标不可达问题;其次,在局部极小值附近增加虚拟障碍物以助力AGV逃离局部极小值区域;最后,借助二阶贝塞尔曲线对搜索到的路径实施平滑处理,确保AGV的路径可行性。仿真实验表明,改进后的人工势场算法应用于包装车间环境下AGV避障路径规划是可行且高效的。

基于UTAUT理论的高校快递包装回收研究

快递包装回收不仅能减少资源浪费,还能降低环境污染。本文从大学生的快递包装处理习惯出发,采用问卷调查、实地考察方法,对大学生的物流快递包装回收意愿、行为习惯进行调研,根据UTAUT模型的绩效影响、社会条件、促进条件、努力期望、行为意愿五大主要因素,用线性回归的方法对问卷收集来的数据进行分析,发现高校校园快递包装回收存在回收方法单一、宣传力度小、担心增加不明收费等问题,并提出增加回收激励、扩展宣传渠道、严格保密学生隐私等针对性建议,以期推动校园快递包装回收的发展。

Electrospun gelatin/chitosan nanofibers containing curcumin for multifunctional food packaging

Recently,food grade nanofiber-based materials have received growing attentions in food packaging.In this work,novel active and intelligent packaging nanofibers based on gelatin/chitosan with curcumin(GA/CS/CUR)were developed via electrospinning technique.Effects of the incorporation of CUR content(0.1%-0.3%,m/m)on the microstructure and functional properties of the electrospun nanofibers were investigated.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy indicated that loading CUR can affect the average diameter of nanofiber mats,which remained around 160-180 nm.The addition of an appropriate level CUR(0.2%,m/m)led to a stronger intermolecular interaction,and thus enhanced the thermal stability and tensile strength of the obtained nanofibers.Meanwhile,the incorporation of CUR significantly improved antioxidant activity and the antimicrobial activity of GA/CS/CUR nanofibers.Moreover,the sensitivity of nanofibers to ammonia results indicated that GA/CS nanofibers containing 0.2%CUR(GA/CS/CURⅡ)presented high sensitivity of colorimetric behavior to ammonia(within 3 min).These results suggest GA/CS/CURⅡnanofibers has great potential as a multifunctional packaging to protect and monitor the freshness of proteinrich animal foods,such as meat and seafood.

基于Anand模型的BGA封装热冲击循环分析及焊点疲劳寿命预测

BGA封装在电子元器件中的互连、信息传输等方面起着重要作用,研究封装元件的可靠性以及内部焊点在高温、高湿、高压等极限条件下的稳定性显得尤为重要。基于Anand模型分析了封装元件在热冲击下的塑性变形和应力分布,同时对不同空间位置焊点的最大应力与主要失效位置进行了对比,并运用Darveaux模型计算出焊点最危险单元的裂纹萌生、裂纹扩展速率和疲劳寿命。结果表明,在热冲击极限载荷下,封装元件的温度呈现对称分布,表面温度与内部温度差较大,约为15℃;最大变形为0.038 mm,最大变形位置为外侧镀膜处;最大应力为222.18 MPa,内部其余部分的应力值为20 MPa左右。对于内部焊点,最大应力为19.02 MPa (250 s),应力最大位置在锡球下方边缘,预估其疲劳寿命为6.29天。

进口再生塑料颗粒中双酚A、双酚S的溶出特性研究

为了加强我国进口塑料颗粒的监管,降低我国进口再生塑料颗粒使用风险,建立更加完善、更加严格的限值标准。本文以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)以及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)为原料的进口再生塑料颗粒为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法对5种进口再生塑料颗粒中双酚A和双酚S的含量进行分析,并进一步探究接触时间、温度及模拟溶液对再生塑料颗粒中双酚A和双酚S溶出的影响。结果表明:(1)5种进口再生塑料颗粒中,ABS颗粒中双酚A、双酚S含量均为最高,含量平均值分别为(69.44±5.32)mg/kg与(125.59±5.62)mg/kg。(2)探究接触时间影响因素过程中,双酚A和双酚S在模拟溶液的溶出量总体在96~168 h内增长较快,直到240 h溶出量达到平衡。(3)探究温度影响因素过程中,在70℃条件下双酚A和双酚S总溶出量均明显大于40℃与25℃。(4)探究模拟溶液影响因素过程中,双酚S在乙酸模拟液中均未溶出,双酚A在乙醇中的溶出量明显高于乙酸,存在相似相溶解效应。

高效液相色谱法测定皮革中的双酚A、双酚F和双酚S

建立了一种测定皮革中双酚A、双酚F和双酚S含量的分析方法。皮革样品经甲醇超声提取、旋转蒸发仪浓缩后,在277 nm波长条件下,使用高效液相色谱仪进行分析,经二极管阵列器检测,甲醇-水溶液洗脱后,外标法进行定量。结果显示,双酚A、双酚F和双酚S在1 mg·L^(-1)~30 mg·L^(-1)的范围内线性相关系数均大于0.9995,检出限均小于0.64 mg·kg^(-1),高、中、低三个水平加标回收率范围为85.8%~97.1%,相对标准偏差为0.11%~2.22%,满足检测要求。

New environmental factors related to diabetes risk in humans:Emerging bisphenols used in synthesis of plastics

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century.In recent years,its connection with environmental pollutants,such as bisphenol A(BPA),has been demonstrated;consequently,new structurally similar molecules are used to replace BPA in the plastics industry(BPS,BPF and BPAF).AIM To carry out a systematic review to allow coherent evaluation of the state of the art.Subsequently,a meta-analysis was performed to unify the existing quantitative data.METHODS Firstly,a systematic review was carried out,using the terms“(bisphenol)AND(Diabetes OR Hyperglycemia)”,to maximize the number of results.Subsequently,three authors analyzed the set of articles.Finally,a meta-analysis was performed for each BP,using RevMan software.In addition,funnel plots were developed to study publication bias.RESULTS The systematic analysis of the literature revealed 13 recent articles(2017–2023)related to the study paradigm.The qualitative analysis showed interesting data linking diabetes to the three most widely used substitute BPs in the industry:BPS,BPF and BPAF.Finally,the meta-analysis determined a positive relationship with BPS,BPF and BPAF,which was only statistically significant with BPS.CONCLUSION There is a need to apply the precautionary principle,regulating the use of new BPs.Therefore,replacing BPA with BPS,BPF or BPAF is unlikely to protect the population from potential health risks,such as DM.

A Novel Multiple DBC-staked units Package to Parallel More Chips for SiC Power Module

Silicon carbide(SiC) power modules play an essential role in the electric vehicle drive system. To improve their performance, reduce their size, and increase production efficiency, this paper proposes a multiple staked direct bonded copper(DBC) unit based power module packaging method to parallel more chips. This method utilizes mutual inductance cancellation effect to reduce parasitic inductance. Because the conduction area in the new package is doubled, the overall area of power module can be reduced. Entire power module is divided into smaller units to enhance manufacture yield, and improve design freedom. This paper provides a detailed design, analysis and fabrication procedure for the proposed package structure. Additionally, this paper offers several feasible solutions for the connection between power terminals and DBC untis. With the structure, 18dies were paralleled for each phase-leg in a econodual size power module. Both simulation and double pulse test results demonstrate that, compared to conventional layouts, the proposed package method has 74.8% smaller parasitic inductance and 34.9% lower footprint.