[Objective]The paper was to analyze whether Asiatic black bear( Ursus thibetanus) had different blood group systems. [Method]Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic black bears in Fujian Province,China. Tub...[Objective]The paper was to analyze whether Asiatic black bear( Ursus thibetanus) had different blood group systems. [Method]Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic black bears in Fujian Province,China. Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol. Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry. [Result] The plasma from four black bears had antibodies,possibly Ig M isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears. Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents. The results showed that four black bears had blood type like human type O,while six bears had like human type B. Mass spectrometry results demonstrated that plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). [Conclusion]Asiatic black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types. If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test is necessary. Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic black bear in case of emergency.展开更多
An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. ...An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. The measurement and analysis on 18 tooth measurement indexes (i.e. T1. Length of Pm1-Pm4, T2. L. of M1-M3, T3. M1L., T4. M1 width, T5. M2L., T6. M2W., T7.M3L., T8. M3W., T9. L. of C1 alveolus, T10. W. of C1 alveolus, T11. L. of C1-M2, T12. L. of Pm4 M2,T13.M1L., T14. M1W., T15. M2L., T16. M2W., T17.L. of C1 alveolus, T18. W. of C1 alveolus) of 59 skulls (black bears 25, brown bears 34) indicates that there are significant or the most significant difference between two species in every indexes, however T1, T9, T10, T17 and T18 are not suitable for species discriminator because of their high percent of overlap. The efficient species discriminators and standards (mm) are as follows T2(63.0), T3(22.0), T4(10.2), T5(23.8), T6(13.6), T7(18.0), T8(13.5), T11(110.0),T12(66.0), T13(20. 1), T14(15.8), T15(33.0) and T16(17.3). Those who are less than or equal to standard are classified to black bear, the others are brown bear. The method is very convenient and useful with high reliability. Their lowest accuracy percent are 95.0%, most of them over 97%. Different indexes will be chosen refer to the degree of specimen destroyed.展开更多
According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °...According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °C and the statistic analysis of the experimental data work out the following findings. For male black bears, the average CK activity is 163.20 U/L, the confidence interval of its expected value (127.70 to 198.70) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 39.2%; the average CK-MB activity 21.62 U/L, the confidential interval (17.72 to 25.51) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 34.26%; the average LDH activity 604.20 U/L, the confidence interval (524.56 to 683.83) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 23.80%; the average HBDH activity 516.70 U/L, the confidence interval (453.06 to 580.34) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 22.24%; the average GOT activity 69.70 U/L, the confidence interval (60.21 to 79.19) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.59%. For female black bears, the average CK activity is 145.50 U/L, the confidence interval (114.59 to 176.21) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 38.27%; the average CK-MB activity 18.84 U/L, the confidence interval (14.64 to 23.04) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 40.34%; the average LDH activity 563.70 U/L, the confidence interval (473.80 to 652.60) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.80%; the average of HBDH activity 475.50 U/L, the confidence interval (412.10 to 538.40) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.07%; the average of GOT activity is 62.37 U/L, the confidential interval (52.54 to 72.20) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.46%. The male black bear’s average myocardium enzyme activities are slightly higher than those of the female. But the statistical results indicate that the difference is not significant.展开更多
The growth and sprawl of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) population have been observed and monitored in the past two decades, especially in south-central Kentucky. To better manage human-black bear interact...The growth and sprawl of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) population have been observed and monitored in the past two decades, especially in south-central Kentucky. To better manage human-black bear interaction and develop informed policy and best practices, the current study sought to 1) understand south-central Kentucky residents’ current knowledge of and previous experience with black bears, 2) investigate residents’ attitudes toward black bears and regulated hunting in wildlife management;and 3) identify residents’ level of acceptance of various black bear related management actions in south-central Kentucky. From February to April 2017, residents of London and Stearns districts (southeastern regions) of the Daniel Boone National Forest, a black bear habitat, were invited to participate in this study. The results from 139 completed surveys showed that residents lacked sufficient knowledge about black bear populations in the region and received minimal information regarding black bear management efforts. In comparison to education efforts and relocation, regulated black bear hunting could be a cost-effective option to promote responsible use of wildlife resources and black bear population control. This study provided lessons and recommendations for black bear management in south-central Kentucky and may be of utilization for any other wildlife conservation areas.展开更多
慢肌肌钙蛋白C(Troponin C type 1,TNNC1)具有高度保守性,调控骨骼肌慢肌和心肌的收缩,影响肌蛋白的生成,从而可能导致动物肌肉的生长、进化和功能的差异。本研究以大熊猫和亚洲黑熊骨骼肌为材料,提取总RNA和基因组DNA,运用RT-PCR和Touc...慢肌肌钙蛋白C(Troponin C type 1,TNNC1)具有高度保守性,调控骨骼肌慢肌和心肌的收缩,影响肌蛋白的生成,从而可能导致动物肌肉的生长、进化和功能的差异。本研究以大熊猫和亚洲黑熊骨骼肌为材料,提取总RNA和基因组DNA,运用RT-PCR和Touch-down PCR分别扩增出TNNC1基因的cDNA序列和结构基因序列,并且构建了含有TNNC1 cDNA的重组表达载体,转化进入E.coli BL21进行超表达研究。结果表明大熊猫TNNC1基因的cDNA片段长602 bp,包含一个编码161个氨基酸的开放阅读框,其结构基因全长2 831 bp,包含6个外显子和5个内含子。亚洲黑熊TNNC1基因的cDNA片段长486 bp,亦包含一个编码161个氨基酸的开放阅读框,其结构基因全长2 758 bp,同样包含6个外显子和5个内含子。该两个物种的TNNC1基因与已报道的13种动物的TNNC1基因具有很高的相似性。拓扑预测表明,大熊猫和亚洲黑熊TNNC1蛋白有1个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,5个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,1个N-豆蔻酰化位点,3个EF手性钙结合域及1个N-糖基化位点。将TNNC1基因在大肠杆菌中表达发现TNNC1蛋白与氮端多聚组氨酸标签蛋白(His6)融合成大小为23.5kD左右的多肽,这与预期结果相一致。本研究结果为进一步深入探讨大熊猫和亚洲黑熊TNNC1基因及蛋白的结构、功能和进化关系提供资料。展开更多
基金Supported by Hong Kong Ocean Park Conservation Foundation(GP01-1617)Special Fund of Health Industry Research(201002005)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to analyze whether Asiatic black bear( Ursus thibetanus) had different blood group systems. [Method]Whole blood samples were collected from 40 Asiatic black bears in Fujian Province,China. Tube method was used to detect antibodies in plasma,and antibody isotype was determined with 2-mercaptoethanol. Plasma was further analyzed by mass spectrometry. [Result] The plasma from four black bears had antibodies,possibly Ig M isoform,which could agglutinate RBCs from 30 bears. Blood samples from 10 bears were tested by human blood typing reagents. The results showed that four black bears had blood type like human type O,while six bears had like human type B. Mass spectrometry results demonstrated that plasma protein had extensive homology to serum albumin-like isoform 1 found in giant panda( Ailuropoda melanoleuca). [Conclusion]Asiatic black bear might have at least one blood group system with two blood types. If the sick bear needs blood transfusion,a cross-matching test is necessary. Moreover,giant panda might receive blood from Asiatic black bear in case of emergency.
文摘An expeditious method for ascertaining species between black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus G. cuiver) and brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) was developed using tooth measurements from previously identified specimens. The measurement and analysis on 18 tooth measurement indexes (i.e. T1. Length of Pm1-Pm4, T2. L. of M1-M3, T3. M1L., T4. M1 width, T5. M2L., T6. M2W., T7.M3L., T8. M3W., T9. L. of C1 alveolus, T10. W. of C1 alveolus, T11. L. of C1-M2, T12. L. of Pm4 M2,T13.M1L., T14. M1W., T15. M2L., T16. M2W., T17.L. of C1 alveolus, T18. W. of C1 alveolus) of 59 skulls (black bears 25, brown bears 34) indicates that there are significant or the most significant difference between two species in every indexes, however T1, T9, T10, T17 and T18 are not suitable for species discriminator because of their high percent of overlap. The efficient species discriminators and standards (mm) are as follows T2(63.0), T3(22.0), T4(10.2), T5(23.8), T6(13.6), T7(18.0), T8(13.5), T11(110.0),T12(66.0), T13(20. 1), T14(15.8), T15(33.0) and T16(17.3). Those who are less than or equal to standard are classified to black bear, the others are brown bear. The method is very convenient and useful with high reliability. Their lowest accuracy percent are 95.0%, most of them over 97%. Different indexes will be chosen refer to the degree of specimen destroyed.
基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Educational Committee of Sichuan Province (No. 2004 A101) and Key Discipline Construction Project in Sichuan Province (No. SZD0420)
文摘According to the principle of enzyme reaction rate, healthy pent black bears’ myocardial enzyme activity is assayed by visual colorimetry and compared with that of healthy human beings. The determination at 37 °C and the statistic analysis of the experimental data work out the following findings. For male black bears, the average CK activity is 163.20 U/L, the confidence interval of its expected value (127.70 to 198.70) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 39.2%; the average CK-MB activity 21.62 U/L, the confidential interval (17.72 to 25.51) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 34.26%; the average LDH activity 604.20 U/L, the confidence interval (524.56 to 683.83) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 23.80%; the average HBDH activity 516.70 U/L, the confidence interval (453.06 to 580.34) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 22.24%; the average GOT activity 69.70 U/L, the confidence interval (60.21 to 79.19) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.59%. For female black bears, the average CK activity is 145.50 U/L, the confidence interval (114.59 to 176.21) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 38.27%; the average CK-MB activity 18.84 U/L, the confidence interval (14.64 to 23.04) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 40.34%; the average LDH activity 563.70 U/L, the confidence interval (473.80 to 652.60) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.80%; the average of HBDH activity 475.50 U/L, the confidence interval (412.10 to 538.40) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 24.07%; the average of GOT activity is 62.37 U/L, the confidential interval (52.54 to 72.20) U/L, and the coefficient of variation 28.46%. The male black bear’s average myocardium enzyme activities are slightly higher than those of the female. But the statistical results indicate that the difference is not significant.
文摘The growth and sprawl of the American black bear (Ursus americanus) population have been observed and monitored in the past two decades, especially in south-central Kentucky. To better manage human-black bear interaction and develop informed policy and best practices, the current study sought to 1) understand south-central Kentucky residents’ current knowledge of and previous experience with black bears, 2) investigate residents’ attitudes toward black bears and regulated hunting in wildlife management;and 3) identify residents’ level of acceptance of various black bear related management actions in south-central Kentucky. From February to April 2017, residents of London and Stearns districts (southeastern regions) of the Daniel Boone National Forest, a black bear habitat, were invited to participate in this study. The results from 139 completed surveys showed that residents lacked sufficient knowledge about black bear populations in the region and received minimal information regarding black bear management efforts. In comparison to education efforts and relocation, regulated black bear hunting could be a cost-effective option to promote responsible use of wildlife resources and black bear population control. This study provided lessons and recommendations for black bear management in south-central Kentucky and may be of utilization for any other wildlife conservation areas.
