PARAMETERIZATION OF MOBILIZATION AND TRANSPORT OF SAND-DUST DURING BLACK STORM AND MESOSCALE NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS

The typical black storms or sand-dust storms in the northwestern China are generated and developed through an interaction between the specific large scale circulation pattern and mesoseale systems.The passing by/over a huge sand-abundant desert of a strong cold front with intensive frontal zone at mid and lower levels is a necessary condition for the formation and development of a black storm or a severe sand-dust storm.In order to investigate the mechanism of the sand-dust mobilization,transport and sedimentation during the black or sand-dust storms,a parameterization scheme of sand-dust source-sink terms and an equation of transport for the sand-dust were proposed and incorporated into the MM4 mesoscale model.The modified MM4 model was applied to the“May 1993”black storm case and succeeded in reproducing the evolution of the weather systems associated with the black-storm,the sand-dust concentration at surface layer and its vertical distribution,and the sand-dust sedimentation and transport.Our results show that the numerical simulating method by using a mesoscale model,with inclusion of an equation of the sand-dust transport and a parameterization scheme of the sand-dust source-sink terms,is a promising approach to study the mechanism for sand-dust mobilization,transport and sedimentation during a sand-dust storm event.

黑风暴的沙尘形成与输送参数化及中尺度数值试验

西北地区典型黑风暴和强沙尘暴都是在特定大尺度环流背景和中尺度系统相互作用下发生和发展的，而中、低空强锋区相伴的强冷锋移经沙源充足的大沙漠区是黑风暴和强沙尘暴形成和发展的必要条件。为了研究黑风暴和沙尘暴的沙尘形成、输送及沉降机制，本文提出了一种沙尘源、汇项的参数化方案和一个沙尘输送方程，进而引入已有的ＭＭ４中尺度数值模式模拟系统；应用这个改进和发展的模式模拟系统基本成功地模拟了“９３．５”黑风暴的天气系统演变及其沙尘浓度的近地层和垂直分布以及沙尘的沉降与输送。模拟结果分析表明，用包括沙尘输送方程及其沙尘源、汇项参数化方案的中尺度数值模式来研究黑风暴的沙尘形成、输送和沉降机制是一种具有应用前景的方法。