Potential Assessment Multi-Repeating Abiotic/Biotic Motivation Coincide Biofertilizers to Optimize Black Cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i>L.) Seed Yield Production and Quality

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) the highly aggregate valuable medicinal plant was field cultivated for two subsequent seasons (2018, 2019) designed as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block with 3 replications. The main factors 4 elicitors: salicylic acid, (SA) Nano-selenium (NPs), yeast (YS) chitosan (CH) and (E0), control. Whereas, the sub-main plot 4 biofertilizers, dray Moringa leaves extract, (MLE), neem dray leaves extract (NME), humic acid (HA) and traditional (NPK) chemical fertilizer as control. Allied statistical analysis of variance revealed that biotic and abiotic elicitors coincide biofertilizer and NPK chemical fertilizer actuated significant positive impacts, dray seed, seed fixed oil, seed essential oil yield production. Also, significantly amelioration bioactive major fatty acids content of seed fixed oil (linolenic > carvone) dihydrolenoleic > oleic) as well as major terpens content of seed essential oil (P-cymene > thnymoquione > Penine). Consequently, multi-repeating elicitation cod be considered reliable strategy achieve sustainable development for N-sativa under, biotic elicitor coincide biofertilizers that excel abiotic elicitors coincide biofertilizer which excel biotic or abiotic elicitors coincide NPK traditional chemical fertilizer.

Anti-hypercholesterolemic and anti-hyperglycaemic effects of conventional and supercritical extracts of black cumin(Nigella sativa)

Objective: To explore the hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of conventional and supercritical extracts of black cumin.Methods: Purposely, rat modelling was carried out for 2 months by designing three studies i.e. study Ⅰ(normal rats), study Ⅱ(hyperglycaemic rats) and study Ⅲ(hypercholesterolemic rats). Each study was further divided into three groups based on diet i.e.control, functional diet(contained extract of black cumin prepared by using conventional solvent) and nutraceutical diet(contained extract of black cumin prepared by supercritical fluid extraction system).Results: During whole trial, an abating trend was observed in the level of serum cholesterol with maximum reduction(12.8%) in nutraceutical group of study Ⅲ. Low density lipoprotein and triglyceride level was also lowered maximum in study Ⅲ as17.1% and 11.6%, respectively. Whereas, highest decline in glucose level was in nutraceutical group of study Ⅱ as 11.2%.Conclusions: Inclusion of black cumin extracts in diet significantly lowers the occurrence of hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. Furthermore, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic potential of nutraceutical diet is more prominent as compared to functional diet.

Effects of Dried Black Cumin and Tamarind Supplementation on Egg Performance and Lipids Concentration in Egg Yolk of Layer Hens

This study was aimed to determine the effects of dried black cumin and tamarind supplementation on egg performance and lipids concentration in egg yolk of layer hens. Sixty laying hens at the age of 18-34 weeks were divided into 4 treatments （control, 1% black cumin, 4% tamarind and 1% black cumin ＋ 4% tamarin in diets） with 4 replications each （15 birds/replication）. The experimental treatments were subjected to completely randomized design. Feed and drinking water were provided ad-libitum. 16 h per day for lighting program during experimental period. The results found that feed efficiency ratio, egg production and egg weight were no significant between treatments. However, average daily feed intake was highest in 4% tamarind and 1% black cumin ＋ 4% tamarin in diets. Egg yolk color score, yolk index, white index and shell tickness were no significantly different, However, haugh unit was lowest in control group. Egg yolk lipids concentration was founded that black cumin and tamarind in diet were reduced cholesterol and triacyl-glycerol concentration with statistical significance （P 〈 0.05）. So that dried black cumin and tamarind supplementation in diets were no any effect on egg production and egg weight. Furthermore, egg yolk cholesterol and triacyl-glycerol concentration were decreased. Hence, supplementation of dried black cumin and tamarind in diets could benefit to consumer health.

The Determination of Plant Nutrients Taken from Soil of Black Cumin （Nigella sativa L.） as Traditional Spice

This study was carried out under Cumra-Konya conditions, in 2007, for the determination of consumption of the plant nutrients from soil by black cumin plants. The soil samples were taken before sowing and after harvest from the field that was sown black cumin and determined the rate of major and minor plant nutrients. For this reason, soil samples were taken from the depth of 30 cm as 2-3 kg and analyzed. The harvested black cumin yielded approximately 1,350 kg/ha seed. The analyses made in soil samples were pH, salinity, organic matter and lime, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. According to the results, the parcel soil has not salt problem, and is little alkaline, more limy and little humic, good for phosphorus and very rich with respect potassium before sowing. At the same time, the parcel soil samples after harvest were little saline, little alkaline, more limy, poor humic, good for phosphorus and very rich with respect potassium.

Anti-inflammatory potential of black cumin seed oil and its nanoemulsion formulation against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice

Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of black cumin seed oil(BCSO)and its nanoemulsion on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced liver injury in mice.Methods:LPS-induced acute liver injury mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on liver function.Hepatic inflammatory markers including Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),interleukin(IL)-1β,heme-oxygenase 1,BAX,and BCL-2 were assessed using real-time PCR.Additionally,protein levels of reduced glutathione,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-6 were measured using ELISA,and histological analysis was performed.Indomethacin was used as a standard positive control for comparison.Results:BCSO reduced LPS-induced liver injury and exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of TLR4,IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,and heme-oxygenase 1.Additionally,BCSO demonstrated antioxidant properties by increasing reduced glutathione protein levels and decreasing key apoptotic markers BAX and BCL-2 in hepatocytes.The nanoemulsion formulation further enhanced these anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and anti-apoptotic effects,and histological examination confirmed this effect.Combining BCSO with indomethacin at a lower dose improved efficacy,thereby reducing its potential side effects.Conclusions:The investigation reveals the anti-inflammatory impact of BCSO and its nanoemulsion formulation on LPS-induced liver oxidative stress,inflammation,and apoptosis.

Characterization of the black cumin(Nigella sativa L.)honey from Türkiye

This case report study investigated the botanical,physicochemical,and phenolic compositions,as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of varying amounts of black cumin honey(Nigella sativa)from Burdur region of Türkiye.The samples had an average moisture value of 17.23%and a Nigella sativa pollen ratio ranging from 19%to 51%.Electrical conductivity(EC)values ranged from 0.36 to 0.54 mS/cm.The average color values of Hunter(L,a,b)were 43.55(L^(*)),32.77(a^(*)),and 64.52(b^(*)),respectively.The proline contents were ranged from 875 to 1624 mg/kg.The average F/G ratio and F+G value were 1.43±0.11 and 68.75±4.75,respectively.The average of total phenolic(TP)and total flavonoid(TF)contents were 36.87±7.00 mg GAE/100 g and 5.63±1.45 mg QUE/100 g,respectively.The antioxidant capacities of the samples were tested using the ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP)and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assays,with mean values of 179.40±25.35μmol FeSO_(4).7H_(2)O/100 g and 46.07±12.87 mg/mL,respectively.The phenolic composition of the samples were tested using the HPLC-PDA method with 25 phenolic standards.Gallic acid,p-OH benzoic acid,t-cinnamic acid,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin were determined as common components.The sam-ples exhibited high antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Chromobacterium vio-laceum,Bacillus cereus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and Acinetobacter haemolyticus,but did not affect Candida albicans,Candida parapilopsis,or Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Influence of germinated black cumin(Nigella sativa L.)seeds extract on the physicochemical,antioxidant,antidiabetic,and sensory properties of yogurt

This study investigated the effect of adding germinated black cumin seed extract(GBSE)in the amounts of 0,50,75,and 100 mg/100 ml milk,which are mentioned in abbreviate as C,GBSE50,GBSE75,and GBSE100,respectively,on the physicochemical,antioxidant,antidiabetic and sensory properties of yogurt.In the present research,pH,titratable acidity(TA),syneresis,water-holding capacity(WHC),viscosity,total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant activity(DPPH,ABTS radicals scavenging activity and FIC assay),α-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory effect and sensory attributes(taste,odor,texture,color,and overall acceptance)of fortified yogurts during 14 days of storage at 4℃ were determined.According to study results,fortification,even in the lowest amount(50 mg/100 ml milk),improved the qualitative and bioactive properties of yogurt significantly(p<0.05).All samples that received acceptable sensory scores were appreciated.However,GBSE50 and 75 showed no significant difference(p>0.05)after 14 days of storage compared to the control.Due to the results of all experiments,fortifying yogurt with the addition of 75 mg of GBSE in 100 ml milk is recommended to improve the qualitative and bioactive properties of the obtained functional yogurt.

Investigating the Mutagenic Impact of Cadmium Nitrate on Cytomorphological and Physiological Attributes in Nigella sativa L.Cultivars

Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal pollutant primarily introduced into the environment through anthropogenic activities.In plants,the absorption and retention of Cd lead to a cascade of morphological,physiological,and cytological alterations.Nigella sativa L.,also known as black cumin,is an annual herb with important commercial and medicinal uses.Thymoquinone,the primary bioactive compound in Nigella sativa L.,is renowned for its potential health benefits.The current experiment aimed to ascertain the effects of various concentrations(10,20,30,40 and 50 ppm)of cadmium nitrate(Cd(NO_(3+))_(2))on two Nigella sativa cultivars(AN20 and Desi),analyzing their biological,physiological,quantitative attributes and cytological abnormalities in the M1 generation.It adversely effects biological,morpho-physiological,quantitative attributes at higher concentrations(30,40 and 50 ppm).Morphological variations were observed in terms of cotyledonary leaf(shape and color),vegetative leaves(shape,size and color),plant height(tall and dwarf),growth pattern(bushy and unbranched),flower(no.of petals,androecium and gynoecium),capsules(no.of locules)and seeds(size,color and texture).With increasing cadmium concentration,both physiological and quantitative characteristics declined in a dose-dependent manner,while proline content increased correspondingly with higher concentrations of Cd(NO3)2.The maximum depreciation was found at the highest cadmium nitrate concentration(i.e.,50 ppm).Cadmium nitrate significantly impacts the desi cultivar more than the AN20 cultivar.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe stomatal morphology,which showed changes in stomatal size and structure.The variation in area percentage of compounds such as Thymoquinone;p-cymene;9-Octadecenoic acid;9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-,methyl ester;1,2,3-propanetriyl was detected by GC MS Analysis.The current study demonstrated that Nigella sativa cultivars AN20 and desi were successfully tested for induced mutagenesis,and it also offered a method that might be applied to future mutational breeding projects.