Along with the surge of unearthed medical literature and cultural relics in recent years,a network of channels in the system of medical conduit vessels(meridians) during the early Western Han dynasty has become much c...Along with the surge of unearthed medical literature and cultural relics in recent years,a network of channels in the system of medical conduit vessels(meridians) during the early Western Han dynasty has become much clearer gradually.In it,the increasing number of channel branches,network vessels and needle insertion holes(acupoints) is an important feature of the development of channel medicine during the Western Han dynasty.This is not only a reflection of the expanding requirements of the theoretical system of the main trunk channels and other vessels,but also an inevitable result of the continuous enrichment and accumulation of clinical experience.This article integrates the information about channel branches,network vessels,inscriptions,dots and further relics on the Tianhui(天回) Lacquered Meridian Figurine to compare the unearthed literature of the channel genre with the transmitted classical literature about acupuncture.The “Heart-Regulated Channel” in Medical Manuscripts on Bamboo Slips from Tianhui(《天回医简》) serves as an example to explain the occurrence,development and changes of the channel branches and network vessels in the early system of medical channels.展开更多
Purpose: Large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel is thought to have a central role to regulate urinary bladder smooth muscle functions, and its dysfunction may lead to increase of urination freq...Purpose: Large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel is thought to have a central role to regulate urinary bladder smooth muscle functions, and its dysfunction may lead to increase of urination frequency and overactive bladder. The present study aims to investigate the expression pattern of BK channel subunits in the human urinary bladder, and how it changes in association with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Materials and Methods: Human bladders were obtained from 7 controls without prostatic enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms and 4 BPH patients with clinically diagnosed overactive bladder who were verified by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and prostate volume. The expression and location of BK channel protein complex was examined using immunohistochemistry with affinity-purified anti-BKα antibodies. A real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the expression of each BK channel subunit (α and β1 - 4) gene in the mucosal and muscle layers of human urinary bladder. Results: Immunohistochemical staining for BK-α protein complex was localized in the muscle and submucosal regions of urinary bladder. RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of α-, β1-, and β4-subunit genes of BK channel in the mucosal layer, α- and β1-subunit in the muscle layer. The expressions of α- and β1-subunit genes in the muscle (α: p = 0.0003, β1: p = 0.0003) and mucosal (α: p = 0.03, β1: p = 0.02) layers significantly decreased in BOO bladders compared with controls. The expression levels of α- and β1-subunit in mucosal layer were statistically correlated with storage score of IPSS (α;r = 0.84, p = 0.002, β1;r = 0.84, p = 0.002), and so were in muscle layer (α;r = 0.934, p 0.0001, β1;r = 0.917, p = 0.00018). Conclusions: BK channels, which are mainly composed of α- and β1-subunits, are expressed in both the mucosal and muscle layers of human urinary bladder. Decreased expression of BK channel in BOO might be implicated in the mechanisms underlying the development of overactive bladder.展开更多
The TCM philosophy of a meridian and associated channels pertains to the specific function of one or more organs. We define the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lung Primary Meridian (LUM) together w...The TCM philosophy of a meridian and associated channels pertains to the specific function of one or more organs. We define the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lung Primary Meridian (LUM) together with the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lung Sinew (LUSC), Divergent (LUDC), Luo-connecting (LULCC) Channels as a system of routes plus some parts of the body (such as muscles) to fulfil respiration, as a main function under different situations. There is very limited information about the Lung associated channels in classical literature of TCM. With a clear focus on the function of respiration, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the biomedical consequence of stimulating the LUM, analysed the roles played by LUSC, LUDC, and LULCC. The updated LUM and LUDC include acupoints of other meridians, serving the same purpose of performing satisfactory respiration starting from checking the quality of the inflow through the nose. The LUSC includes the respiratory muscles (plus the associated connective tissues) extending to various parts of the body. The muscles of the limb (as part of the LUSC) embrace the nerves that provide routes for somatosensory reflexes and play the role of locomotion, providing voluntary respiration via the pectoralis muscles. The muscles of LUSC are bounded by stiff connective tissue layers, forming compartments, and are part of the pulley system for various body locomotions. Within a compartment, the interstitial fluid, blood, lymph flows must be potent to protect the associated nerves related to LUM;the healthy state of the LUSC also provides freedom of various types of locomotion. The LULCC exists because the vagus nerve has a part of it passing through the spinal cords all the way down to the sacrum domain, with exiting nerve innervating two-third of the large intestine. The crucial steps of our deductions </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are supported by experimental evidence based on modern neurophysiology and kinesiology. We discover that all the four channels stated above work as a unit system to allow respiration to be possible under various postures/conditions. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The complexity of structures and processes is eased off by providing 29 figures and 13 tables for the relevant muscles and nerves. In addition to respiration, the Lung system in TCM context includes interaction of this system with the sweat gland and neuroendocrine system;such aspects will be left to another study.</span>展开更多
目的观察电针对骶上脊髓损伤后尿潴留型神经源性膀胱大鼠排尿功能的影响,并探讨电针调节嘌呤能离子通道型受体7(purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor,P2X7R)介导的细胞焦亡途径在其中的潜在效应机制。方法从48只雌性SD大鼠...目的观察电针对骶上脊髓损伤后尿潴留型神经源性膀胱大鼠排尿功能的影响,并探讨电针调节嘌呤能离子通道型受体7(purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor,P2X7R)介导的细胞焦亡途径在其中的潜在效应机制。方法从48只雌性SD大鼠中随机抽取12只纳入假手术组,剩余大鼠以T8完全性脊髓横断法建立尿潴留型神经源性膀胱大鼠模型,将已成模的27只大鼠二次随机分为模型组与电针组,每组12只,剩余3只模型大鼠用于实验候补。电针组于术后第19天开始干预,连续10 d,其余两组仅予以捆绑。干预结束后,各组大鼠先行尿流动力学检测,随后快速分离膀胱组织待检,应用HE染色观察膀胱组织形态学变化,透射电镜观察膀胱组织超微结构变化,TUNEL染色检测膀胱组织中细胞损伤情况,ELISA检测膀胱组织中三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)水平,免疫组织化学法和Western blot法检测膀胱组织中P2X7R、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NODlike receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1,Caspase-1)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)蛋白表达情况。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠膀胱漏尿点压力、膀胱最大压力、膀胱最大容量显著升高(P<0.01),以膀胱体积增大伴尿潴留为主要表现;模型组大鼠膀胱组织存在明显的炎性反应且病理改变显著,膀胱组织超微结构可见明显肿胀、变形等细胞损伤,膀胱组织细胞损伤率显著增加(P<0.01),膀胱组织中ATP含量、P2X7R、NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β的阳性表达及蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,电针组大鼠膀胱漏尿点压力、膀胱最大压力、膀胱最大容量降低(P<0.05),尿潴留症状较轻,膀胱排尿功能改善;电针组大鼠膀胱组织的炎性反应及病理损伤减轻,膀胱组织超微结构变化明显改善,膀胱组织细胞损伤率显著减少(P<0.01),膀胱组织中ATP含量、P2X7R、NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β的阳性表达及蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论电针可有效改善骶上脊髓损伤后尿潴留型神经源性膀胱大鼠的膀胱排尿功能,缓解尿潴留症状,减轻膀胱组织病理损伤程度及其炎症反应,其机制与抑制膀胱组织中P2X7R/NLRP3信号通路焦亡蛋白的表达有关。展开更多
基金one of the stage results of the Science and Technology Innovation Project (CI2021A00413) of the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine。
文摘Along with the surge of unearthed medical literature and cultural relics in recent years,a network of channels in the system of medical conduit vessels(meridians) during the early Western Han dynasty has become much clearer gradually.In it,the increasing number of channel branches,network vessels and needle insertion holes(acupoints) is an important feature of the development of channel medicine during the Western Han dynasty.This is not only a reflection of the expanding requirements of the theoretical system of the main trunk channels and other vessels,but also an inevitable result of the continuous enrichment and accumulation of clinical experience.This article integrates the information about channel branches,network vessels,inscriptions,dots and further relics on the Tianhui(天回) Lacquered Meridian Figurine to compare the unearthed literature of the channel genre with the transmitted classical literature about acupuncture.The “Heart-Regulated Channel” in Medical Manuscripts on Bamboo Slips from Tianhui(《天回医简》) serves as an example to explain the occurrence,development and changes of the channel branches and network vessels in the early system of medical channels.
文摘Purpose: Large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel is thought to have a central role to regulate urinary bladder smooth muscle functions, and its dysfunction may lead to increase of urination frequency and overactive bladder. The present study aims to investigate the expression pattern of BK channel subunits in the human urinary bladder, and how it changes in association with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Materials and Methods: Human bladders were obtained from 7 controls without prostatic enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms and 4 BPH patients with clinically diagnosed overactive bladder who were verified by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and prostate volume. The expression and location of BK channel protein complex was examined using immunohistochemistry with affinity-purified anti-BKα antibodies. A real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the expression of each BK channel subunit (α and β1 - 4) gene in the mucosal and muscle layers of human urinary bladder. Results: Immunohistochemical staining for BK-α protein complex was localized in the muscle and submucosal regions of urinary bladder. RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of α-, β1-, and β4-subunit genes of BK channel in the mucosal layer, α- and β1-subunit in the muscle layer. The expressions of α- and β1-subunit genes in the muscle (α: p = 0.0003, β1: p = 0.0003) and mucosal (α: p = 0.03, β1: p = 0.02) layers significantly decreased in BOO bladders compared with controls. The expression levels of α- and β1-subunit in mucosal layer were statistically correlated with storage score of IPSS (α;r = 0.84, p = 0.002, β1;r = 0.84, p = 0.002), and so were in muscle layer (α;r = 0.934, p 0.0001, β1;r = 0.917, p = 0.00018). Conclusions: BK channels, which are mainly composed of α- and β1-subunits, are expressed in both the mucosal and muscle layers of human urinary bladder. Decreased expression of BK channel in BOO might be implicated in the mechanisms underlying the development of overactive bladder.
文摘The TCM philosophy of a meridian and associated channels pertains to the specific function of one or more organs. We define the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lung Primary Meridian (LUM) together with the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lung Sinew (LUSC), Divergent (LUDC), Luo-connecting (LULCC) Channels as a system of routes plus some parts of the body (such as muscles) to fulfil respiration, as a main function under different situations. There is very limited information about the Lung associated channels in classical literature of TCM. With a clear focus on the function of respiration, we have carried out a detailed analysis of the biomedical consequence of stimulating the LUM, analysed the roles played by LUSC, LUDC, and LULCC. The updated LUM and LUDC include acupoints of other meridians, serving the same purpose of performing satisfactory respiration starting from checking the quality of the inflow through the nose. The LUSC includes the respiratory muscles (plus the associated connective tissues) extending to various parts of the body. The muscles of the limb (as part of the LUSC) embrace the nerves that provide routes for somatosensory reflexes and play the role of locomotion, providing voluntary respiration via the pectoralis muscles. The muscles of LUSC are bounded by stiff connective tissue layers, forming compartments, and are part of the pulley system for various body locomotions. Within a compartment, the interstitial fluid, blood, lymph flows must be potent to protect the associated nerves related to LUM;the healthy state of the LUSC also provides freedom of various types of locomotion. The LULCC exists because the vagus nerve has a part of it passing through the spinal cords all the way down to the sacrum domain, with exiting nerve innervating two-third of the large intestine. The crucial steps of our deductions </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are supported by experimental evidence based on modern neurophysiology and kinesiology. We discover that all the four channels stated above work as a unit system to allow respiration to be possible under various postures/conditions. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The complexity of structures and processes is eased off by providing 29 figures and 13 tables for the relevant muscles and nerves. In addition to respiration, the Lung system in TCM context includes interaction of this system with the sweat gland and neuroendocrine system;such aspects will be left to another study.</span>
文摘目的观察电针对骶上脊髓损伤后尿潴留型神经源性膀胱大鼠排尿功能的影响,并探讨电针调节嘌呤能离子通道型受体7(purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor,P2X7R)介导的细胞焦亡途径在其中的潜在效应机制。方法从48只雌性SD大鼠中随机抽取12只纳入假手术组,剩余大鼠以T8完全性脊髓横断法建立尿潴留型神经源性膀胱大鼠模型,将已成模的27只大鼠二次随机分为模型组与电针组,每组12只,剩余3只模型大鼠用于实验候补。电针组于术后第19天开始干预,连续10 d,其余两组仅予以捆绑。干预结束后,各组大鼠先行尿流动力学检测,随后快速分离膀胱组织待检,应用HE染色观察膀胱组织形态学变化,透射电镜观察膀胱组织超微结构变化,TUNEL染色检测膀胱组织中细胞损伤情况,ELISA检测膀胱组织中三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)水平,免疫组织化学法和Western blot法检测膀胱组织中P2X7R、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NODlike receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3,NLRP3)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1,Caspase-1)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)蛋白表达情况。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠膀胱漏尿点压力、膀胱最大压力、膀胱最大容量显著升高(P<0.01),以膀胱体积增大伴尿潴留为主要表现;模型组大鼠膀胱组织存在明显的炎性反应且病理改变显著,膀胱组织超微结构可见明显肿胀、变形等细胞损伤,膀胱组织细胞损伤率显著增加(P<0.01),膀胱组织中ATP含量、P2X7R、NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β的阳性表达及蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,电针组大鼠膀胱漏尿点压力、膀胱最大压力、膀胱最大容量降低(P<0.05),尿潴留症状较轻,膀胱排尿功能改善;电针组大鼠膀胱组织的炎性反应及病理损伤减轻,膀胱组织超微结构变化明显改善,膀胱组织细胞损伤率显著减少(P<0.01),膀胱组织中ATP含量、P2X7R、NLRP3、Caspase-1、IL-1β的阳性表达及蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论电针可有效改善骶上脊髓损伤后尿潴留型神经源性膀胱大鼠的膀胱排尿功能,缓解尿潴留症状,减轻膀胱组织病理损伤程度及其炎症反应,其机制与抑制膀胱组织中P2X7R/NLRP3信号通路焦亡蛋白的表达有关。
