Uncovering the epidemiology of bladder cancer in the Arab world: A review of risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and clinical features

Objective:Bladder cancer(BC)is a significant public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa,but the epidemiology and clinicopathology of the disease and contributors to high mortality in this region remain poorly understood.The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the epidemiological features of BC in the Arab world and compare them to those in Western countries in order to improve the management of this disease.Methods:An extensive electronic search of the PubMed/PMC and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify all articles published until May 2022,following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.A total of 95 articles were included in the final analysis after title,abstract,and full-text screening,with additional data obtained from the GLOBOCAN and WHO 2020 databases.

Epidemiology and outcome of individuals with intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct(IPNB)is a rare distinct subtype of precursor lesions of biliary carcinoma.IPNB is considered to originate from luminal biliary epithelial cells,typically displays mucin-hypersecretion or a papillary growth pattern,and results in cystic dilatation[1].IPNB develops anywhere in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tracts,and can occur in various pathological stages from low-grade dysplasia to invasive carcinoma.IPNBs have similar phenotypic changes in the occurrence and development of all subtypes,and the prognosis is significantly better than that of traditional(nonpapillary)cholangiocarcinoma.AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological features of IPNB to provide evidence-based guidance for treatment.METHODS Invasive IPNB,invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas(IPMN),and traditional cholangiocarcinoma data for affected individuals from 1975 to 2016 were obtained from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.Annual percentage changes(APCs)in the incidence and incidence-based(IB)mortality were calculated.We identified the independent predictors of overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)in indivi duals with invasive IPNB.RESULTS The incidence and IB mortality of invasive IPNB showed sustained decreases,with an APC of-4.5%(95%CI:-5.1%to-3.8%)and-3.3%(95%CI:-4.1%to-2.6%)(P<0.001),respectively.Similar decreases in incidence and IB mortality were seen for invasive IPMN but not for traditional cholangiocarcinoma.Both OS and CSS for invasive IPNB were better than for invasive IPMN and traditional cholangiocarcinoma.A total of 1635 individuals with invasive IPNB were included in our prognosis analysis.The most common tumor sites were the pancreaticobiliary ampulla(47.9%)and perihilar tract(36.7%),but the mucin-related subtype of invasive IPNB was the main type,intrahepatically(approximately 90%).In the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis,age,tumor site,grade and stage,subtype,surgery,and chemotherapy were associated with OS and CSS(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Incidence and IB mortality of invasive IPNB trended steadily downward.The heterogeneity of IPNB comprises site and the tumor’s mucin-producing status.

Treatment trends of muscle invasive bladder cancer: Evidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1988 to 2013

Objective:Guidelines for muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)recommend that patients receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radical cystectomy as treatment over radical cystectomy alone.Though trends and practice patterns of MIBC have been defined using the National Cancer Database,data using the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)program have been poorly described.Methods:Using the SEER database,we collected data of MIBC according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer.We considered differences in patient demographics and tumor charac-teristics based on three treatment groups:chemotherapy(both adjuvant and neoadjuvant)with radical cystectomy,radical cystectomy,and chemoradiotherapy.Multinomial logistic regression was performed to compare likelihood ratios.Temporal trends were included for each treatment group.Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to compare cause-specific sur-vival.A Cox proportional-hazards model was utilized to describe predictors of survival.Results:Of 16728 patients,10468 patients received radical cystectomy alone,3236 received chemotherapy with radical cystectomy,and 3024 received chemoradiotherapy.Patients who received chemoradiotherapy over radical cystectomy were older and more likely to be African American;stage III patients tended to be divorced.Patients who received chemotherapy with radical cystectomy tended to be males;stage II patients were less likely to be Asian than Caucasian.Stage III patients were less likely to receive chemoradiotherapy as a treatment op-tion than stage II.Chemotherapy with radical cystectomy and chemoradiotherapy are both un-derutilized treatment options,though increasingly utilized.Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed significant differences between stage II and III tumors at each interval.A Cox proportional-hazards model showed differences in gender,tumor stage,treatment modality,age,andmarital status.Conclusion:Radical cystectomy alone is still the most commonly used treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer based on temporal trends.Significant disparities exist in those who receive radical cystectomy over chemoradiotherapy for treatment.

Prevalence of malignant neoplasms in celiac disease patients-a nationwide United States population-based study

BACKGROUND Celiac disease(CeD)is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the immune response to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.Recent research has unveiled a heightened risk of developing specific malignant neoplasms(MN)and various malignancies,including gastrointestinal,lymphomas,skin,and others,in individuals with CeD.AIM To investigate the prevalence of MN in hospitalized CeD patients in the United States.METHODS Using data from the National Inpatient Sample spanning two decades,from January 2000 to December 2019,we identified 529842 CeD patients,of which 78128(14.75%)had MN.Propensity score matching,based on age,sex,race,and calendar year,was employed to compare CeD patients with the general non-CeD population at a 1:1 ratio.RESULTS Positive associations were observed for several malignancies,including small intestine,lymphoma,nonmelanoma skin,liver,melanoma skin,pancreas myelodysplastic syndrome,biliary,stomach,and other neuroendocrine tumors(excluding small and large intestine malignant carcinoid),leukemia,uterus,and testis.Conversely,CeD patients exhibited a reduced risk of respiratory and secondary malignancies.Moreover,certain malignancies showed null associations with CeD,including head and neck,nervous system,esophagus,colorectal,anus,breast,malignant carcinoids,bone and connective tissues,myeloma,cervix,and ovary cancers.CONCLUSION Our study is unique in highlighting the detailed results of positive,negative,or null associations between different hematologic and solid malignancies and CeD.Furthermore,it offers insights into evolving trends in CeD hospital outcomes,shedding light on advancements in its management over the past two decades.These findings contribute valuable information to the understanding of CeD’s impact on health and healthcare utilization.

Breast cancer: Epidemiology, risk factors and screening

Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women. Worldwide, the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Additionally,epidemiological data reveal distinct geographic and demographic disparities globally. A range of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are established as being associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.This review discusses genetic, hormonal, behavioral, environmental, and breast-related risk factors. Screening plays a critical role in the effective management of breast cancer. Various screening modalities, including mammography,ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and physical examination, have different applications, and a combination of these modalities is applied in practice. Current screening recommendations are based on factors including age and risk, with a significant emphasis on minimizing potential harms to achieve an optimal benefits-to-harms ratio. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology, risk factors, and screening of breast cancer. Understanding these elements is crucial for improving breast cancer management and reducing its burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems.

Bladder cancer epidemiology and genetic susceptibility

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. The incidence of bladder cancer of men is higher than that of women （approximately 4：1）. Here, we summarize the bladder cancer-related risk factors, in- cluding environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, although the mortality rate induced by bladder cancer has been stable or decreased gradually, the public health effect may be pronounced. The well-established risk fac- tors for bladder cancer are cigarette smoking and occupational exposure. Genetic factors also play important roles in the susceptibility to bladder cancer. A recent study demonstrated that hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer. Since 2008, genome-wide association study （GWAS） has been used to identify the susceptibility loci for bladder cancer. Further gene-gene or gene-environment interaction stud- ies need to be conducted to provide more information for the etiology of bladder cancer.

Symptomatic Urinary Lithiasis: Epidemiology and Management at Urology Department of University Hospital of Cotonou

Purpose: To study the epidemiology and treatment modalities of urolithiasis at Urology Department of University Hospital of Cotonou. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective and descriptive study over a 10 years period ranging from January 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2013. One hundred and two patients who were hospitalized for symptomatic urolithiasis at the Urology Department of University Hospital of Cotonou were enrolled. Results: Hospital incidence of urolithiasis was 3.7%. Patients mean age was 39.6 years (extremes: 10 years to 73 years). Male to female ratio was 2.2. The main reason for consultation was renal colic for 81 patients (79.4%). Average duration of symptoms at presentation was 5 months (range: 1 day to 10 years). A total of 173 stones were identified with an average size of 12 mm (range: 1 mm to 95 mm). Calyceal stones were seen in 32.9% of cases, renal pelvis stones in 21.4% of cases, ureteral stones in 34.1% and bladder stones in 11.5% of cases. Open surgery was the main treatment for stones that could not be managed medically. 50.8% of patients underwent surgery with extraction of 116 stones. This represented 67.1% of all stones. 9 patients (8.8%) had expelled their stone during urination. The postoperative course was uneventful in 77.5% of cases. Conclusion: Modern treatment options for urolithiasis remain rudimentary in our health facilities. Open surgery is still the main stay of treatment in our countries with limited resources.

Prognostic impact of tumor deposits on overall survival in colorectal cancer:Based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database

BACKGROUND In colorectal cancer, tumor deposits(TDs) are considered to be a prognostic factor in the current staging system, and are only considered in the absence of lymph node metastases(LNMs). However, this definition and the subsequent prognostic value based on it is controversial, with various hypotheses. TDs may play an independent role when it comes to survival and addition of TDs to LNM count may predict the prognosis of patients more accurately.AIM To assess the prognostic impact of TDs and evaluate the effect of their addition to the LNM count.METHODS The patients are derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. A prognostic analysis regarding impact of TDs on overall survival(OS) was performed using Cox regression model, and other covariates associating with OS were adjusted. The effect of addition of TDs to LNM count on N restaging was also evaluated. The subgroup analysis was performed to explore the different profile of risk factors between patients with and without TDs.RESULTS Overall, 103755 patients were enrolled with 14131(13.6%) TD-positive and 89624(86.4%) TD-negative tumors. TD-positive patients had worse prognosis compared with TD-negative patients, with 3-year OS rates of 47.3%(95%CI, 46.5%-48.1%) and 77.5%(95%CI, 77.2%-77.8%, P < 0.0001), respectively. On multivariable analysis, TDs were associated poorer OS(hazard ratio, 1.35;95%CI, 1.31-1.38;P < 0.0001). Among TD-positive patients, the number of TDs had a linear negative effect on disease-free survival and OS. After reclassifying patients by adding TDs to the LNM count, 885 of 19 965(4.4%) N1 patients were restaged as p N2, with worse outcomes than patients restaged as p N1(3-year OS rate: 78.5%, 95%CI, 77.9%-79.1% vs 63.2%, 95%CI, 60.1%-66.5%, respectively;P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION TDs are an independent prognostic factor for OS in colorectal cancer. The addition of TDs to LNM count improved the prognostic accuracy of tumor, node and metastasis staging.

Epidemiology of Cancer in Systemic Sclerosis—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cancer Incidence, Predictors and Mortality

Objectives: The study was conducted to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of cancer in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by evaluating the incidence, prevalence, relative risk of overall and site-specific malignancies, predictors and cancer-attributable mortality. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Cochrane Library (inception-May 2012) were searched. Estimates were combined using a random effects model. Consistency was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Results: 4876 citations were searched to identify 60 articles. The average incidence of malignancy in SSc was 14 cases/1000 person-years;the prevalence ranged between 4%-22%. Cancer was the leading cause of non-SSc related deaths with a mean of 38%. Overall SIR for all-site malignancy risk was 1.85 (95%CI 1.52, 2.25;I276%). There was a greater risk of lung (SIR 4.69, 95%CI 2.84, 7.75;I293%) and haematological (SIR 2.58, CI 95% 1.75, 3.81;I20%) malignancies, including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (SIR 2.55, 95%CI 1.40, 4.67;I20%). SSc patients were at a higher risk of leukemia (SIR 2.79, 95%CI 1.22, 6.37;I20%), malignant melanoma (SIR 2.92, 95%CI 1.76, 4.83;I235%), liver (SIR 4.75, 95%CI 3.09, 7.31;I20%), cervical (SIR 2.28, 95%CI 1.26, 4.09;I254%) and oropharyngeal (SIR 5.0, 95%CI 2.18, 11.47;I258%) cancers. Risk factors include a-RNAP I/III seropositivity, male sex, and late onset SSc. Smoking and longstanding interstitial lung disease increase the risk of lung cancer;Barrett’s esophagus and a positive family history of breast cancer, respectively, increase the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Conclusions: SSc patients have a two-fold increase in all-site malignancy, and greater risk of lung and haematological malignancies that contribute significantly to mortality. Vigilance should be considered in SSc patients with risk factors for cancer.

Bladder Cancer: Epidemiological, Clinical and Histopathological Aspects at the University Hospital Point G, Mali

Introduction: Bladder cancer is a new tissue formation most often of urothelial origin with potential for local, locoregional and distant invasion. Among its risk factors, urinary bilharzia is endemic in our study area. The aim of our study was to present the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological aspects of bladder cancer in our department. Patients and method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 12-month period from January 1 to December 31, 2019. The study took place in the urology department of the university hospital Point “G”. It included all patients hospitalized for bladder cancer. The epidemiological, clinical and histopathological characteristics have been sought and described. Results: A total of 74 patients were included in the study. Bladder cancer was the leading cause of cancer, accounting for 57.9% of all urological cancers. The mean age of the patients was 52.8 ± 16.25 years. A slight male predominance was observed with a sex-ratio of 1.2. Housewives were the most represented with 43.2% followed by farmers with 24.3%. Hematuria was the reason for consultation in 87.8% cases. The main risk factors found were urinary schistosomiasis (48.6%) and smoking (31.1%). These two factors were associated in 23.0% of cases. At diagnosis, 85.7% of patients were classified as T3 or T4 stage. Squamous cell carcinoma with 58.2% was the most common histological type followed by urothelial carcinoma in 26.0% of cases. Conclusion: Bladder cancer is very common of cancer in hospitalized patients in our department. Diagnosis is more often made at an advanced stage. The most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma.

Epidemiological Profile and Therapeutics Results of Bladder Carcinoma in Women

Introduction: The incidence of bladder cancer in women has steadily increased in recent years. The objective of our work is to study the epidemiological profile of bladder cancer in women in our population and the factors favoring its occurrence. Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at the Mohamed Center VI for cancer treatment, involving 27 women during a two-year period from January 2019 to December 2020. We studied the epidemiological characteristics in these patients, the risk factors and the revealing symptoms. Results: The average age of patients was 67.5 years old and 66.66% of the patients were over 65 years old. One patient had in her antecedents a tumor of the upper excretory tract and 2 patients had an associated renal tumor. The notion of smoking was found in 3 patients. The time to treatment was less than 6 months in 44.4% of cases, between 6 and 12 months in 18.5% of cases, and more than a year in 37% of cases. The symptoms were marked by hematuria in 96.3% of cases, and irritative disorders in 81.4% of cases. In our series;the tumor was unifocal in 77.77% of the cases, and multifocal in the remainder of the cases. Urethrohydronephrosis was found in 74% of cases. Histologically, it was an urothelial carcinoma in 81.48% of cases. The tumor was locally advanced in 11.11% of cases, and metastatic in 11.11% of cases. Lymph node involvement was found in 33.33% of cases. 48.1% of cases underwent surgery. The operative procedure consisted of a partial cystectomy in 46.1% of cases, and only 18.5% was suitable for trimodal treatment. Conclusion: Few studies have addressed the epidemiology of bladder cancer in women due to the low incidence, but it is currently increasing steadily in recent years. These modifications are explained by the change in social habits in women.

Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Bladder Tumours at the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Segou in the Urology Department

Objectives: To study the epidemiological, diagnostic and prognostic aspects of bladder tumours in Segou Hospital. Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of bladder tumours over the period from 1 April 2012 to 1 April 2017, in the urology department of the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Segou. The first three years were used for patient recruitment, and the last two years for follow-up of the patients in the series. Results: Over a period of three years, we collected 165 cases of bladder tumours hospitalised out of 1308 hospitalisations from 7007 consultations, i.e. 12.6% of hospitalisations and 2.3% of consultations. The sex ratio was 1.2 in favour of men. A history of treated bilharzia was reported in 78.8% of cases and untreated bilharzia in 9.1% of cases. Haematuria was the most common reason for consultation. The majority of our patients were at stage T4 and T3 at the time of diagnosis, i.e. 53.3% and 44.3% respectively. Most patients consulted within 13 to 24 months after the first sign, i.e. 44.8%. Conclusion: The prognosis is still clouded by the delay in management. All the patients diagnosed had a bladder tumour infiltrating the muscle.

前列腺癌多参数MRI诊断及误诊原因分析

目的 探讨前列腺癌临床特点、多参数MRI表现,总结其误诊原因及防范措施。方法 对2020年4月—2022年2月收治的多参数MRI检查后误诊为膀胱癌、前列腺增生的前列腺癌10例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 10例年龄54~73岁。6例因尿急、尿频、尿潴留、排尿困难就诊,直肠指诊示前列腺肥大,查血清前列腺特异性抗原升高,多参数MRI及前列腺穿刺活组织病理检查未发现前列腺肿瘤证据,误诊为前列腺增生,后经术后病理检查确诊T1期前列腺癌。4例以尿痛、血尿、排尿困难就诊,经多参数MRI检查误诊为膀胱癌,查血清前列腺特异性抗原升高,直肠指诊发现前列腺肥大,再次行多参数MRI和前列腺组织穿刺活组织病理检查证实为前列腺癌累及膀胱。误诊时间4~10 d。误诊为前列腺增生6例接受根治性手术,误诊为膀胱癌4例予内分泌和放射治疗,随访至今病情控制尚可。结论 临床接诊以尿急、尿频、尿潴留、排尿困难等症状就诊的中老年男性患者时应考虑到前列腺癌可能。加强对前列腺癌影像学特征认识,行多参数MRI检查时重点观察前列腺结构、包膜完整与否、膀胱壁连续性等重要特征,必要时可行前列腺穿刺活组织病理检查,以提高该病术前诊断正确率。

基于超声特征的列线图模型鉴别诊断膀胱隆起样病变良恶性的价值

目的构建基于超声特征的列线图模型,探讨其鉴别诊断良、恶性膀胱隆起样病变的价值。资料与方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2022年1月四川省人民医院经手术病理证实的膀胱隆起样病变538例(良性84例,恶性454例)的超声资料,对膀胱病变超声特征(病灶部位、数目、最大径线、回声、形态、基底、钙化、彩色多普勒血流显像信号)及患者简要临床指标(性别、年龄、泌尿系恶性肿瘤史、肉眼血尿)行Logistic单因素及多因素回归分析,筛选出独立预测因子,并构建预测模型。通过Bootstrap重抽样进行内部验证。绘制受试者工作特征曲线、校正曲线、临床决策曲线评估模型。结果单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(OR=1.822,P=0.038)、年龄(OR=1.044,P=0.000)、病灶部位(OR=0.359,P=0.000)、血流信号(OR=2.052,P=0.007)是预测恶性膀胱隆起样病变的独立因素,基于单因素结果构建的列线图预测模型的曲线下面积为0.780,敏感度为72.91%,特异度为71.43%,准确度为72.68%。校正曲线显示模型的一致性较好。临床决策曲线显示临床净获益良好。结论基于超声特征和简要临床指标构建的列线图模型鉴别诊断良、恶性膀胱隆起样病变具有较高的准确度和潜在的临床应用价值。

经尿道钬激光整块切除术治疗高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌47例疗效及术后并发症与复发风险的观察

目的 探讨经尿道钬激光整块切除术治疗高危非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的效果。方法 选取2019年1月至2021年5月承德医学院附属医院94例高危NMIBC病人进行前瞻性研究,按随机数字表法分组,各47例。对照组行经尿道膀胱肿瘤等离子电切术,观察组行经尿道钬激光整块切除术。比较两组手术相关指标、临床疗效、手术前后外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)计数、肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、膀胱肿瘤抗原(BTA)、糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)]、并发症及预后情况。结果 观察组术中出血量、膀胱冲洗、尿管留置及术后住院时间分别为(25.10±4.12)mL、(18.65±6.74)min、(19.57±3.48)h、(8.01±1.69)d,均优于对照组的(43.25±6.78)mL、(24.78±8.12)min、(35.24±5.12)h、(15.32±2.89)d(P<0.05);观察组总有效率87.23%高于对照组68.09%(P<0.05);术后72 h观察组外周血CTCs计数为5.47±2.00,低于对照组的8.96±3.12(P<0.05);术后3、6、12个月观察组血清BTA、CEA、CA19-9水平低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率6.38%(3例)低于对照组23.40%(11例)(P<0.05);术后随访1年,观察组病人1年无复发生存率97.83%(45/46)与对照组90.91%(40/44)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 经尿道钬激光整块切除术可提高高危NMIBC病人临床疗效,减少并发症,加速术后康复进程,并可减少外周血循环肿瘤细胞,降低肿瘤标志物水平。

尿路造口病人生活质量现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解尿路造口病人的生活质量现状,并分析其影响因素,为制定个性化病人健康教育方案提供依据。方法:选取2018年1月至2023年4月安徽省某三甲医院收治的196例行全膀胱切除+尿路造口病人为研究对象,采用膀胱肿瘤病人生活质量量表进行横断面调查,并进行影响因素的单因素分析和多元线性回归分析。结果:尿路造口病人生活质量总分(59.85±5.16)分,其中生理状况得分(15.07±2.53)分,社会/家庭状况得分(9.02±2.97)分,情感状况得分(6.48±2.24)分,功能状况得分(9.64±2.46)分,特异性模块得分(19.65±2.14)分。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、文化程度、月收入、照顾者及造口类型病人的生活质量得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度及造口类型均为安徽地区尿路造口病人生活质量的独立影响因素(P<0.01)。结论:尿路造口病人总体生活质量水平不高,在临床工作中需根据病人具体情况进行内容灵活、形式多变的健康宣教。

改良腹膜外腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+回肠膀胱术的临床应用

目的:探讨腹膜外入路腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+回肠膀胱术(Bricker术)的可行性及安全性。方法:选择2020年3月至2023年12月收治的42例肌层浸润性膀胱癌男性患者作为观察组,60~84岁,平均(69.2±4.9)岁,行腹膜外入路腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术,延长正中切口约5 cm取出标本,再行Bricker术,将回肠袢完全隔离于腹腔外。选择同期同一术者团队开展的38例经腹腔入路腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+回肠膀胱术作为对照组,比较两组手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后肠功能恢复时间、肠梗阻等并发症及切口愈合情况。结果:观察组手术均获成功,无中转开腹。观察组与对照组腹腔镜阶段手术时间[(172.3±25.5)min vs.(172.1±27.4)min]、出血量[(194.5±100.5)mL vs.(207.6±107.8)mL]、淋巴结清扫数量[(11.6±2.9)枚vs.(11.8±2.7)枚]差异无统计学意义,观察组与对照组术后肠功能恢复时间[(2.2±0.4)d vs.(3.4±0.6)d,P<0.05]、肠梗阻例数(0 vs.7,P<0.01)、切口愈合不良(1 vs.9,P<0.01)差异有统计学意义。结论:经腹膜外入路腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除+回肠膀胱术是安全、可靠的,利用膀胱位于腹膜外及腹膜天然屏障的特点,改良手术入路将回肠袢、输尿管吻合口完全置于腹膜外,可减少肠梗阻的发生,术后肠功能恢复快,切口感染率低,值得临床推广应用。

SCAMP2和SCAMP3在膀胱癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨分泌载体相关膜蛋白2和3(SCAMP2和SCAMP3)在膀胱癌(BC)中的表达及其意义。方法应用免疫组织化学法检测181例BC及相应癌旁组织中SCAMP2和SCAMP3的表达水平。结果与相应癌旁组织相比较,SCAMP2和SCAMP3在BC组织中的表达水平显著升高(χ^(2)=41.242、110.576,P<0.001)。SCAMP2高表达与饮酒史和癌症家族史有关(χ^(2)=4.784、3.904,P<0.05)。SCAMP3高表达与浸润性BC和癌症家族史有关(χ^(2)=6.893、7.411,P<0.05)。预后分析显示,SCAMP2和SCAMP3表达与BC病人预后没有相关性。结论SCAMP2和SCAMP3在BC组织中的高表达可能与BC的发生和进展密切相关,可能可以作为BC治疗的潜在靶点。

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌激光整块切除研究进展

非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的标准治疗方式为经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)辅以膀胱腔内化疗或免疫治疗。TURBT具有创伤小、恢复快、可反复切割等优点,但在安全性与病理精确评估方面存在一定的缺陷。而激光用于膀胱肿瘤时既不会产生闭孔神经反射,又可减少手术出血,目前开展的激光手术多以膀胱肿瘤整块切除术为主,激光因其汽化切割避免了组织炭化的可能,因此剜除的膀胱肿瘤基底部肌层组织得以完整保留,对病理的分级及临床分期有独到的优势。本文综述了激光膀胱肿瘤整块切除术的技术优势、现状与进展。

膀胱癌100例血清Zeste基因增强子同源物2和信号传导蛋白3表达水平及诊断价值分析

目的探讨膀胱癌病人血清Zeste基因增强子同源物2(EZH2)和信号传导蛋白3(SMAD3)表达水平及临床意义。方法纳入江苏省人民医院宿迁医院于2021年1月至2022年12月收治的膀胱癌病人进行研究(100例),另选取同期于该院就诊的泌尿系统良性疾病病人作为良性疾病组(93例)以及健康体检者作为对照(100例)。采用Pearson相关性分析法分析膀胱癌病人血清中EZH2和SMAD3表达水平的相关性;采用logistic多因素回归分析法分析膀胱癌发生的影响因素;采用ROC曲线分析EZH2和SMAD3对膀胱癌的诊断效能。结果膀胱癌病人血清中EZH2(101.34±15.09)ng/L和SMAD3(226.53±25.94)ng/L表达水平均高于良性疾病组(85.96±11.23)ng/L、(203.11±22.18)ng/L和对照组(83.91±9.14)ng/L、(198.03±20.30)ng/L(均P<0.001);膀胱癌病人血清EZH2和SMAD3表达水平呈正相关(r=0.72,P<0.001);膀胱癌组年龄≥60岁(74/187)、有吸烟史的病人(76/166)所占比例均高于良性疾病组(65/187、55/166)及对照组(48/187、35/166)(均P<0.05);年龄、吸烟史、EZH2、SMAD3为发生膀胱癌的危险因素(P<0.05);以良性疾病组为对照,血清EZH2和SMAD3单独检测诊断膀胱癌的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.78、0.78,二者联合检测的AUC为0.85,优于各自单独检测(Z_(二者联合-EZH2)=2.81、Z_(二者联合-SMAD3)=2.68,P=0.009、0.007)。结论血清EZH2和SMAD3与膀胱癌的发生有关,二者联合对膀胱癌具有一定的诊断价值。