A Novel Sensing Imaging Equipment Under Extremely Dim Light for Blast Furnace Burden Surface:Starlight High-Temperature Industrial Endoscope

Blast furnace(BF)burden surface contains the most abundant,intuitive and credible smelting information and acquiring high-definition and high-brightness optical images of which is essential to realize precise material charging control,optimize gas flow distribution and improve ironmaking efficiency.It has been challengeable to obtain high-quality optical burden surface images under high-temperature,high-dust,and extremelydim(less than 0.001 Lux)environment.Based on a novel endoscopic sensing detection idea,a reverse telephoto structure starlight imaging system with large field of view and large aperture is designed.Combined with a water-air dual cooling intelligent self-maintenance protection device and the imaging system,a starlight high-temperature industrial endoscope is developed to obtain clear optical burden surface images stably under the harsh environment.Based on an endoscope imaging area model,a material flow trajectory model and a gas-dust coupling distribution model,an optimal installation position and posture configuration method for the endoscope is proposed,which maximizes the effective imaging area and ensures large-area,safe and stable imaging of the device in a confined space.Industrial experiments and applications indicate that the proposed method obtains clear and reliable large-area optical burden surface images and reveals new BF conditions,providing key data support for green iron smelting.

Effect of Blast Furnace Sludge (BFS) Characteristics on Suitable Recycling Process Determining

The present study aims to give a detailed characterization of blast furnace sludge (BFS) by using different techniques, in order to determine the most effective recycling method to recover valuable metals from this waste. BFS is composed mainly of hematite, as its iron-bearing phase, and carbon, in addition to fractions of silicate and carbonate materials. The studied BFS shows relatively high contents of iron (Fe) (390 g.kg-1), and carbon (C) (290 g.kg-1), due to abundance of hematite and coke, while the concentration of zinc (Zn) (2.5 g.kg-1) is low. The XRD analyses indicated that, hematite is more concentrated in the fine fraction (<20 μm), while the coarser fraction (90 - 250 μm) is dominated by calcite, quartz and X-ray amorphous coke. SEM-EDX analyses confirmed that particles rich in iron and zinc were detected in the fine fraction (<20 μm) of the sludge. Due to high Fe and C content in BFS, it can be utilized as self-reducing material and briquetting represent a potential method for recycling of blast furnace sludge.

Status and development of mineral wool made from molten blast furnace slag

This study describes the characteristics of mineral wool and its applications,and also introduces the traditional process of mineral wool made from molten blast furnace （BF） slag. Compared with high energy consumption of the traditional process,the production of mineral wool by using molten BF slag will be able to take full advantage of the sensible heat of molten slag, and also reduce production costs. However, there are also further issues to resolve such as how to obtain the required amount of molten BF slag and how to make it homogeneous. Based on the physical and chemical properties of the molten BF slag,the investigation into the relationship between temperature and viscosity under different acidity coefficients of the slag and silicon mixture was conducted. Combined with the crystallization and phase diagram of slag wool, its heat resistance, water resistance, durability and corrosion resistance were analyzed. Finally, trends of the technology development are proposed.

Quantificational indexes for design and evaluation of copper staves for blast furnaces

The quantificational and normative design is the precondition of improving the design of copper staves for blast furnaces. Based on a 3-dimensional temperature field calculation model, from the view point of heat transfer and long campaigns note with the core of forming accretion, the forming-accretion-ability （FAA） and the rib hot surface maximum temperature difference （ATmax） as quantificational indexes to direct and evaluate the design of copper staves for blast furnaces were presented. The application of the two indexes in design essentially embodies the new long campaigns in the stage of design. With the application of the two indexes, good results can be obtained. Firstly, it was suggested that the rib height of a copper stave can be reduced to 15 mm, which is a new method and theory for the reduction of copper staves. Secondly, the influence of insert on FAA and ATmax, is decided by the volume of insert. According to this, the principle of design for the hot surface geometry of copper staves was put forward that the ratio of the rib hot surface to the copper stave hot surface （abbreviated as the ratio of rib to stave） must be maintained in the range of 45% to 55%; for the present copper stave with a 35-40 mm thick rib, the ratio of rib to stave in the range of 50% to 55% can optimize the design of copper staves; for the copper stave with a smaller rib thickness, for example 15 ram, the ratio of rib to stave in the range of 45% to 50% can optimize the design of copper staves. It can be summarized that the thicker the rib thickness, the larger is the ratio of rib to stave. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.

Mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by blast furnace slag and steel furnace slag

We report the adsorption of phosphate and discuss the mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by burst furnace slag (BFS) and steel furnace slag (SFS). The results show that the adsorption of phosphate on the slag was rapid and the majority of adsorption was completed in 5~10 min. The adsorption capacity of phosphate by the slag was reduced dramatically by acid treatment. The relative contribution of adsorption to the total removal of phosphate was 26%~28%. Phosphate adsorption on BFS and SFS follows the Freundlich isotherm, with the related constants of k 6.372 and 1/n 1.739 for BFS, and of k 1.705 and 1/n 1.718 for SFS. The pH and Ca2+ concentration were decreased with the addition of phosphate, suggesting the formation of calcium phosphate precipitation. At pH 2.93 and 6.93, phosphate was desorbed by about 36%~43% and 9%~11%, respectively. These results indicate that the P adsorption on the slag is not completely reversible and that the bond between the slag particles and adsorbed phosphate is strong. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of BFS and SFS before and after phosphate adsorption verify the formation of phosphate salts (CaHPO4·2H2O) after adsorption process. We conclude that the removal of phosphate by BFS and SFS is related to the formation of phosphate calcium precipitation and the adsorption on hydroxylated oxides. The results show that BFS and SFS removed phosphate nearly 100%, indicating they are promising adsorbents for the phosphate removal in wastewater treatment and pollution control.

Dust Distribution Study at the Blast Furnace Top Based on k-Sε-u_(p)Model

The dust distribution law acting at the top of a blast fumace(BF)is of great significance for understanding gas flow distribution and mitigating the negative influence of dust particles on the accuracy and service life of detection equipment.The harsh environment inside a BF makes it difficult to describe the dust disthibution.This paper adresses this problem by proposing a dust distribution k-Sε-u_(p)model based on interphase(gas-powder)coupling.The proposed model is coupled with a k-Sεmodel(which describes gas flow movement)and a u_(p)model(which depicts dust movement).First,the kinetic energy equation and turbulent dissipation rate equation in the k-Sεmodel are established based on the modeling theory and single Green-function two scale direct interaction approximation(SGF-TSDIA)theory.Second,a dust particle mnovement u_(p)model is built based on a force analysis of the dust and Newton's laws of motion.Finally,a coupling factor that descibes the interphase interaction is proposed,and the k-Sε-u_(p)model,with clear physical meaning.ligorous mathematical logic,and adequate generality,is dleveloped.Siumulation results and o-site verification show that the k-Sε-u_(p)model not only has high precision,but also reveals the aggregate distribution features of the dust,which are helpful in optimizing the installation position of the detection equipment and imnproving its accuracy and service life.

Study on the stability control technology of large-scaled blast furnaces

Nowadays,there are two major trends,which are the increasing blast furnace （BF） working volume and the decreasing fuel resource as well as the decline in its quality,in the ironmaking filed. The two trends lead to the difficulty in the BF operation. The decline of the BF stability requires higher and more elaborate operational techniques. A reasonable and compatible BF comprehensive operating system,as the base of the BF stabilization,is desired to satisfy the demand of large-scaled BF developments. Based on the practical operation of Baosteel No. 3 BF in 2010, the present work analyzes and discusses the basic rules of large-scaled BF stable control techniques,and further optimizes and improves its gas flow control techniques, develops strategies against the decline in fuel quality, which will contribute to the promotion of largescaled BF operational techniques progress.

基于料面视频图像分析的高炉异常状态智能感知与识别

智能感知、精准识别高炉(Blast furnace,BF)异常状态对高炉调控优化和稳定运行至关重要,但高炉内部的黑箱状态致使传统检测方法难以直接感知并准确识别多种高炉异常状态.新型工业内窥镜可获取大量料面视频图像,为直接观测炉内运行状态提供了全新的手段.基于此,提出一种基于料面视频图像分析的高炉异常状态智能感知与识别方法.首先,提出基于多尺度纹理模糊C均值(Multi-scale texture fuzzy C-means,MST-FCM)聚类的高温煤气流区域提取方法,准确获取煤气流图像,并提取煤气流图像多元特征;其次,提出基于特征编码的高维特征降维方法,结合自适应K-means++算法,实现煤气流异常状态的粗粒度感知;在此基础上,通过改进雅可比−傅立叶矩(Jacobi-Fourier moments,JFM)提取煤气流图像深层特征变化趋势,进而提出细粒度煤气流异常状态感知方法;最后,基于煤气流异常状态感知结果,结合料面视频图像,提出多级残差通道注意力模块(Multi-level residual channel attention module,MRCAM),建立高炉异常状态识别模型ResVGGNet,实现高炉煤气流异常、塌料和悬料的精准在线识别.实验结果表明,所提方法能准确识别不同的高炉异常状态且识别速度快,可为高炉平稳运行提供重要保障.

投加物在高炉渣熔池中的熔化数值模拟研究

高炉渣中物料的熔化情况影响冶金反应的进行程度,固体物料在高温熔池中熔化时,其内部温度较高,监测环境恶劣,无法直接观测熔化过程。为探究熔池中投加物熔化规律,优化工艺参数,利用ANSYSFluent软件模拟熔化行为,定量地分析物料种类、物料尺寸对投加物熔化过程的影响。结果表明,物料的粒径分别为0.2,0.5,1.0和2.0cm时,焚烧渣和污泥完全熔化时间分别为0.208,1.0633.280,8.845s和0.146,0.755,2.950,7.520s。在熔化过程中,焚烧渣和污泥内外温度差一般不超过30℃。为基于冶炼废渣的多元工业固废CO_(2)矿化工艺研究提供理论依据和实验支撑。

掺加BFS的乳化沥青冷再生混合料路用性能研究

为验证在乳化沥青冷再生混合料中掺加高炉矿渣(blast furnace slag, BFS)的可行性并分析掺加BFS的乳化沥青冷再生混合料的路用性能,采用直接掺加BFS和以消石灰做激发剂掺加BFS两种方案,与掺加1.5%水泥的冷再生技术方案进行对比试验。通过测试干湿劈裂强度、冻融劈裂强度、60℃动稳定度和60℃抗剪强度、单轴压缩等性能指标,最终确定了v用于乳化沥青冷再生混合料的合理利用方式。研究结果表明:干湿劈裂强度试验无法有效地反映乳化沥青冷再生混合料水稳定性差异;冻融劈裂强度试验能有效地评价其水稳定性。在乳化沥青冷再生混合料中用BFS直接替代水泥会降低混合料的水稳定性;采用1.5%BFS+0.3%消石灰激发剂后,可使混合料具备与掺加1.5%水泥基本相当的路用性能。

高炉炉缸砌体结构及烘炉风量对炉缸长寿的影响简析

从高炉炉缸砌体结构和烘炉风量两个方面分析了对炉缸长寿的影响。认为:①稳定性相对较差的炉缸砌体结构,会因“象脚区”的侵蚀而导致侧壁炭砖加速出现大量的砖缝,继而出现“钻铁”情况,会大大缩短炉缸的寿命,建议采用整体稳定性更好的圆筒型炉缸结构。②高炉烘炉时,应关注烘炉的总风量能否将耐材中的水分完全带走,以减少水分及气隙对高炉长寿的影响,对于4000m^(3)以上高炉,单位炉容烘炉风量应达到10000m^(3)/m^(3)以上。

碱渣-矿渣固化疏浚淤泥含水率控制方法研究

以碱渣和矿渣为固化剂,电石渣为激发剂,通过设置不同含水率,碱渣、矿渣含量,开展固化疏浚淤泥的无侧限抗压强度和击实试验,以及核磁共振(NMR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)测试,研究固化淤泥强度与含水率的关系。试验结果表明:固化淤泥强度随含水率的增加先增后减,可分为高强度段、强度急剧下降段和缓慢下降段,养护14 d时最高强度可达600 kPa以上。为使碱渣、矿渣高效地固化疏浚淤泥,可将含水率控制在淤泥塑限至液限之间,14 d强度不低于345 kPa。强度最优含水率与击实最优含水率相差不大,采用碾压法施工可将含水率控制在最优含水率的±3%范围,使固化淤泥强度处于高强度段;采用流动固化施工时,可根据强度要求,利用急剧下降段和缓慢下降段强度与混合含水率的幂函数公式确定含水率。

Effects of Microwave Heating on Pore Fractal Properties of Blast Furnace Sludge

Effects of microwave heating on the pore fractal properties of blast furnace sludge （BFS） and relative mechanism were studied. The results show that the morphology features of iron bearing sinter and coke particles, which are the main constituents of the BFS, were remarkably changed by microwave heating. The porosity, surface roughness and specific surface area of modified particle surface all increased obviously. Combining with fractal meth-od called Sierpinski model, the fractal dimensions of sinter, coke and others increased from 2.35, 2.24 and 2.58 to 2.65, 2.44 and 2.61 respectively, after modification by microwave heating. The results predicted that the reaction mechanism of microwave heating for BFS is related to two aspects. Different mineral phases existed in BFS particles incline to dissociate each other due to their different microwave absorbability~ some recombination or reconstruction of matters or structure leads to structure defects, which have great influences on the surface morphology characteris-tics and chemical properties. The research indicated that fractal dimension can be used as an effective factor for quan-titative analysis of the pore changes in morphology of the sludge. Furthermore, it is helpful for separation and ex- traction of valuable constituent from BFS.

高炉渣均质化行为及其粒化效果研究

利用动态黏度实验法研究了高炉渣的均质化行为,构建熔渣调质过程动力学模型,同时对高炉渣均质化状态进行验证,并对最终粒化效果进行了分析。结果表明,均质化时间随调质剂添加量增加先减少后增加,添加量为15.43%时均质化时间最短;高炉渣粒度大于1.75 mm时,均质化时间明显增加;随炉渣温度升高,均质化时间逐渐缩短,通过与充分均质化高炉渣的成分及矿相进行对比,验证了高炉渣在黏度值达到稳定时已完成了均质化。粒化渣珠粒径主要位于1~2.5 mm,基本呈正态分布;高炉渣均质化处理后非晶相含量均高于85%,满足国家标准要求。

Mechanism of phase separation in BFS (blast furnace slag) glass phase

XRD,TEM,ED,and NMR analyzed four types of blast furnace slags (BFS) with different structures in this paper. The composition requirement for phase separation in BFS glass phase was then put forward,that is the composition of slag locates in the coexisting phase region of melilite and any silicate mineral with Q0 units. The special structure of melilite units,a 5-membered ring with high degree of polymerization (DOP),plays a key role in the formation of phase separation. In BFS system,one with chemical composition of larger ratio of (CaO + MgO/(SiO2 + Al2O3) would be more promising to meet the requirement for phase separation.

高炉大喷煤时煤粉利用率的研究

根据岩相显微分析和化学分析的结果,计算了宝钢高炉不同煤比操作条件下,炉尘中未消耗煤粉中的碳含量。给出了在正常生产情况下,炉尘碳含量与未消耗煤粉碳含量的关系式。确定了高炉喷煤比与炉尘碳含量和未消耗煤粉碳含量与喷煤比的关系式,进而计算了宝钢高炉在不同喷煤条件下煤粉在高炉内的利用率。为高炉大喷煤提供了必要的分析手段。

铁屑法与瓦斯泥+铁屑法预处理焦化废水

用铁屑法、瓦斯泥 +铁屑法对焦化废水进行预处理 ,测定了两种方法在不同处理时间、pH值、物质用量的情况下 ,焦化废水中化学需氧量 (COD)的去除率。结果表明 :在瓦斯泥中加入铁屑对焦化废水中COD的去除率明显高于瓦斯泥法。处理时间、pH对瓦斯泥 +铁屑法的去除效率影响较大 ,pH及在处理 30min以后的处理时间对瓦斯泥法的去除效率影响较小 ;焦化废水中COD的去除率随加入的瓦斯泥、瓦斯泥 +铁屑量的增加而增加 ,但增加率却逐渐降低。

酸浸粉煤灰混凝法处理制革废水的研究

笔者研究了在热电厂粉煤灰中加入少量的鼓风炉铁泥和适量的助溶剂HS ,在加热条件下用稀硫酸搅拌浸取 2h后 ,制得集物理吸附和化学混凝为一体的混凝剂。这种混凝剂与聚硅酸铝铁 (PSAF)絮凝剂配合处理COD为 15 0 0～ 2 0 0 0mg/L制革废水 ,SS ,COD ,硫化物和铬的去除率分别为 95 % ,93 % ,92 %和 88%。该法的显著特点是混凝沉降速度快 ,污泥体积小 ,处理废水费用低 ,此外还探讨了酸浸粉煤灰混凝剂对制革废水的混凝沉降机理。

用煤矸石和鼓风炉淤泥制备聚硅酸铁铝混凝剂

研究了以煤矸石和鼓风炉淤泥为原料、在常压条件下制备高效混凝剂聚硅酸铁铝的方法 ,确定了合理的生产工艺和操作条件。用该混凝剂处理实际废水 ,并与聚合硫酸铁的处理效果进行比较 ,结果表明 ,出水COD和色度去除率均提高约 30 % ,SS去除率提高约 10 %。