Influence of different cultivars of Phoenix dactylifera L-date fruits on blood clotting and wound healing

Objective: To investigate different types of dates and medical properties of influencing blood clotting and wound healing in an animal model. Methods: Three different cultivars of dates(Ajwa, Khalas, and Fardh) were examined in-vivo, for blood clotting and wound healing using CD1 mice of both sexes. Study of toxicity to animals was performed accordingly prior to further investigations. The ethanolic extracts were given orally to animals as a constituent in their daily water. Blood samples were obtained from the mice inferior vena cava to carry out the prothrombin time(PT) assay using the manual method and confirmed using a semi-automated machine. The bleeding time(BT) assay was performed using the cutting technique. In the wound healing analysis, a small cut(5-10 mm) in the skin overlying the thigh was conducted in all mice under anesthesia. The diameter of the cut and healing status were measured on a daily basis throughout the time of the experiment using a roller. Results: Ajwa was able to elevate both PT and BT(P<0.05), significantly in a time-dependent manner followed by Khalas date(P<0.05). The results of PT and BT of Fardh date were found to be very close to those of the control group(P<0.05). Despite its activity as an anticoagulant, Khalas date showed a potential property to enhance wound healing in contrast to other dates and the control groups in this study. Conclusions: Omani Khalas date fruit has both antithrombotic as well as wound healing properties. The results open a new gate with these fruits for exploring the potential component(s) that may play an important role in antithrombotic as well as wound healing process.

Evaluation of Hemostatic and Antihemolytic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Garcinia kola (Clusiaceae) Fresh Seeds

Objectives: Garcinia kola seeds (EAgk) (Clusiaceae) contain coagulant components use to pretreat aquaculture wastewater in Nigeria. This work was undertaken to assess the effects of EAgk on blood coagulation because of its contents. Methods: Five groups of four rats of both sexes (200 ± 5 g) received orally distilled water, phytomenadione (15 mg/kg b.w.) and garcinia kola seeds extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w.) for four days and after this period, bleeding time was measured by tail hemorrhage model. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet count were determined by coagulometer and hematological analyzer respectively. Blood red cells protection of EAgk was measured by the methods of 2,2’-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced hemolysis and inhibition of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydrogen peroxide. Results: EAgk at 1000 mg/kg b.w. induced a significant decrease in bleeding time from 420 ± 27.3 s to 157.5 ± 18.9 s. The platelet count of group of rat treated with EAgk (1000 mg/kg b.w.) increased significantly (p 0.05, n = 4). EAgk inhibited hemolysis, DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide with IC50 values of 1.02 ± 0.2;3.2 × 10?2 ± 0.12 and 1.01 ± 0.5 mg/mg respectively. Conclusions: EAgk exhibits hemostatic effects, which could justify the presence of coagulant components in the extract. Erythrocytes’ protective activity of Garcinia kola seeds may be due to free radicals and hydrogen peroxide inhibition.

Influence of Atmospheric Non-thermal Plasma on Some Hematological Characteristics of Iraqi Patients

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has emerged as a new promising tool in medicine. The effectiveness of an Atmospheric Non Thermal Plasma for clinical and biological applications is studied. This research effort includes a desioning of plasma generating system and examine it on some medical and biological parameters. No patient had previous operative or chemotherapeutic treatment, so the patients with hematological disorders （hemophilia） and those with open heart surgery that receiving warfarin and other antithrombotic agents were excluded from the study. A total of eighty 80 Iraqi patients seeking for a medical consultation in A1-Ramadi Teaching Hospital were included in this study. The plasma treatment is applied both in vitro and in vivo experiments on those patients. In the in vivo experiments, the bleeding time tests were carried out on these patients; the results showed the bleeding time of the patients was reduced as compared with control. In vitro experiments regarding clotting time and prothrombine time PT, the results have demonstrated that this plasma device clots blood rapidly via a control. The dependencies of the degree of clotting on the exposure time, distance have been recorded. A series of experiments reveal that this effectiveness is due to the ability of direct discharge to bring charges to blood samples due to generation of so many mediators like reactive nitrogen species and free radicals.

Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits blood coagulation and venous thrombosis

Cyclovirobuxine D （CVB-D） is a compound extracted from Chinese traditional plant Buxus microphylla, which has been used for treating arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia in China. In this study, we investigated its effect on blood coagulation and thrombotic formation in mouse and rat models. The doses of CVB-D used in this study （5-20 mg/kg） prolonged clotting time （CT） in a dose-dependent manner （P〈0.01）. It also significantly prolonged thrombin time （TT）, prothrombin time （PT） and activated partial thromboplast time （aPTT） （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） at the doses of 10-20 mg/kg. CVB-D did not affect the bleeding time （BT） compared with the control group, while warfarin significantly prolonged the bleeding time. CVB-D at the doses of 5-20 mg/kg reduced wet weight of thrombosis （P〈0.01）. This study demonstrated the anti-coagulation effect and anti-thrombosis effect of orally administered CVB-D without substantially increasing bleeding. These findings suggest that CVB-D probably can be used as an oral anti-coagulant in addition to its current applications.

Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation and involvement of non-cellular blood chemical mediators are responsible for the antithrombotic potential of the fruits of Lagenaria siceraria

AIM: The fruits of Lagenaria siceraria(Molina) Standl.(Cucurbitaceae), a commonly used vegetable, are reported to possess various medicinal properties. In previous studies, the fibrinolytic potential of an ethanolic extract of fruits of Lagenaria siceraria was investigated in comparison with kaempferol isolated from it. The aim of the present study was to explore its mechanistic antithrombotic potential and antiplatelet activity using a wide dose range in different in vitro and in vivo models, and to quantify the total phenolic, flavonoid, and kaempferol contents using a colorimetric method. METHOD: The antithrombotic potential was investigated using tail bleeding time in mice, a plasma recalcification assay, and pulmonary thromboembolism in mice. The antiplatelet activity was studied using an in vitro model to investigate IC50 value. RESULTS: A significant amount of total phenols, flavonoids, and kaempferol was quantified in L. siceraria ethanolic extract. An ethanolic extract of the fruits of L. siceraria showed a significant increase in tail bleeding time and plasma recalcification time, significant protection against ADP induced pulmonary thromboembolism in mice, and also inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vitro. The study suggested that the fruits of L. siceraria exhibit significant antithrombotic potential due to inhibition of ADP-mediated platelet aggregation and the involvement of various non-cellular chemical mediators of blood. CONCLUSION: This finding may be helpful in treating the serious consequences of the thrombus formed in blood vessels which include atherothrombotic diseases, such as myocardial or cerebral infarction. So, further investigation should be done for revealing exact mechanism of action behind these types of activities.