Comparative study on the effects of hepatic arterial embolization with Bletilla Striata or gelfom in the treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma

AIMS To study the effect and safety of hepatic arte- rial embolization (HAE) with Bletilla Striata powders of traditional Chinese drug in the treatment of primary hep- atic carcinoma (PHC). METHODS From May 1990 to September 1993,106 patients with PHC were treated by HAE with Bletilla Striata powders (n=56) or gelfoam powders (n=50) respectively under the controlled technical conditions. Authors analyzed the effects and complications in two groups. RESULTS Bletilla Striata powders produced exten- sive permanent proximal embolization of hepatic artery and collateral circulation formed. Intermission of treat- ment was as long as 6-12 months and tumor necrosis and shrinking were obvious. The survival rates of 1,2 and 3 years were 81.9%,44.9% and 33.6% respec- tively and the mean survival time was 19.8 months without serious complications. All clinical effects of Bletilla Striata group were better than those of glfoam group. CONCLUSIONS Bletilla Striata powders are superi- or to gelfoam powders as an angioembolus for hepatic carcinoma.

不同林分下白及的农艺性状及光合作用比较

分别将白及(Bletilla striata)栽培于杂木林(zml)、杉木林(sml)、松树林(sl)、喀斯特坡地杂木林(kzml)4种林分下,并对不同林分类型下白及的农艺性状和光合指标进行测定。结果表明,不同郁闭度林分白及农艺性状、光合指标间存在差异,不同林分的白及农艺性状随月份的增大均呈增加趋势;6月,各处理株高、叶片宽从大到小依次为zml、sml、kzml、sl,zml显著高于sl;茎粗、叶片宽、新生块茎径、新生块茎厚、光合有效辐射、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率从大到小依次为sml、zml、kzml、sl,sml显著高于sl;分叉茎总长从大到小依次为sml、kzml、zml、sl,各处理间存在显著差异,sml显著高于其他3个处理。综合农艺性状和光合指标的表现,杉木林较适宜白及栽培。

Advances in Tissue Culture Technology of Bletilla striata

The reports about tissue culture technology of Bletilla striata were summa- rized in this paper, and explants for tissue culture, induction differentiation of callus, rooting culture and transplanting, effect of growth regulator and influence of external environment were expounded. This study provides support for further research.

The Rapid Propagation and Domestication of Wild Bletilla striata

The research explored rapid multiplication on Bletilla striata and the re- suits showed that the medium of MS＋2.5 mg/L6-BA＋0.2 mg/L NAA performed the best in induction, with induction rate at 98%; the medium with MS＋IAA2.5mg/L＋ 2.5 mg/L6-BA＋2.0 mg/L NAA was the best in terms of induction and multiplication; the medium with 1/2MS＋0.01 mg/L NAA 1＋0.01 mg/L IAA promoted rooting.The harden- ing temperature was the optimal at 23℃-28 ℃ and relative humidity of 80%-90% the best.

A New Bibenzyl Derivative from Bletilla striata

A new compound was isolated from Bletilla striata. Its structure was elucidated as 5-hydroxy-4-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-3, 3-dimethoxybibenzyl by spectroscopic method.

Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Effektivittder transarteriellen Chemoembolisation (TACE) unter Einsatz von Bletilla striata

Zusammenfassung： Evaluierung der Effektivitat yon Bletilla striata bei transerteriellen Chemoembolisation （TACE） im Kleintiermodell. Nach subkapsularer Implantation （Tag 0） eines soliden Morris Hepatoms （2 mm^3） bei ACI-Ratten （n=30） wurden am 13. Tag die Tumorvolumina （V1） magnettomographisch bestimmt. Im Anschlu erfolgten nach Laparatomie die retrograde Katheterisierung der Arteria gastroduodenalis und die Anwendung folgender Therapieprotokolle.. （A） TACE （0,1 mg Mitomycin C ＋ 0,1 mL Lipiodol） ＋ Bletilla striata （1,0 mg） （n=10）; （B） TACE （ Bletilla striata （1,0mg） ＋ Ligatur （n=10）;（C） TACE allein （Kontrollgruppe, n=10）. Zur Effektivitatsbeurteilung der unterschiedlichen Therapieprotokolle erfolgte am 28. Tag eine erneute magnettomographische Bestimmung der Tumorvolumina （V2）. Das durchschnittliche Tumorvolumen der Gruppen A, B und C vor und nach interventioneller Therapie betrug 0,0355 cm^3 und 0, 2248 cm^3 , 0,0374 cm^3 und 0,0573 cm^3 sowie 0,0380 cm^3 und 0,3674 cm^3. Das errechnete durchschnittliche Verhaltnis （V2/V1） betrug 6,28, 1,53 sowie 9,14. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe C konnte somit fur Therapiegruppe B eine signifikant （P〈0.01） geringere Tumorvolumenzunahme im Beobachtungszeitraum ermitteh werden, wkhrend zwischen Gruppe A und Gruppe C keine statistisch signifikanten （P〉0.05） Unterschiede im Tumorwachstum festgestelh werden konnten. Das Wachstum der induzierten Lebertumoren konnte unter Behandlung mittels TACE ＋ Bletilla striata ＋Ligatur im Tiermodell statistisch signifikant im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe gehemmt werden. Schlüsselworter： Lebertumor; TACE; Bletilla striata

Experimentelle Embolisation unterschiedlicher hepatischer Gefaβe beim Hund mit Bletilla striata

Diese vergleichende Untersuchung uber Embolisation differenter hepatischer GefaBe bei Hunden mit Bletilla striata und Gelfoam ergab,d aB letilla striala als Embolisationsmaterial bessere Erfolge zeigt als Gelfoam.Die Mechanismen der Embolisation mit Bletilla striata sind folgende :1)Bletilla striata wird nicht leicht von Geweben absorbiert;2)Bletilla striata bewirkt mechanische Blockierung;3)Bletilla striata beeinflt das Gerinnungssystem und dasAntikoagulationssystem;4)Bletilla siriata kann die Geafwandschadigen und dadurch sekundare Blockierung auslosen.

Research on the effect of Bletilla striata and the mechanism of the treatment of bronchoplumonary inflammation based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the effect of active compounds of Bletilla Striata,and to predict its mechanism of the treatment of bronchoplumonary inflammation.Methods:Retrieved active compounds of Bletilla Striata from relevant databases include TCMSP,while retrieved action targets of active compounds and bronchoplumonary inflammation.Received corresponding gene symbols of targets by querying UniProt database.Then drew the compound-target network of Bletilla Striata and action targets network between active compounds and bronchoplumonary inflammation using Cytoscape 3.2.1.Subsequently performed GO functional and KEGG enrichment analysis of key targets through relevent databases including Metascape,meanwhile,analysed Protein-protein interaction using STRING.Results:Bletilla Striata contained 29 active components and 632 corresponding targets.The more important targets included AURKA,BRAF,RAF1,MMP1 and ESR2,213 in total.GO functional enrichment analysis resulted in 2,398 items(P<0.05),including 2096 biological process(BP)items,133 cellular component(CC)items,169 molecular function(MF)items.KEGG enrichment analysis resulted in 160 signal pathways items(P<0.05).There were 33 common targets between 335 action targets of bronchoplumonary inflammation and 95 more important active components of Bletilla Striata.GO functional enrichment analysis resulted in 547 items(P<0.05),including 499 BP items,19 CC items,29 MF items.KEGG enrichment analysis resulted in 46 signal pathways items(P<0.05),mainly involving the IL-17 signaling pathways,platelet activation,endocrine resistance,Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway,Th17 cell differentiation,etc.6 core targets including MAPK14,MMP9,HSP90AA1,ROCK2,PRKCB and PTGS2 were obtained by PPI analysis.They were involved in IL-17 signaling pathway,platelet activation,leukocyte migration,VEGF signaling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation respectively.Conclusion:The study explains"multi-component-multi-target-multi-pathway-multi-disease"is the characteristic of Bletilla Striata using network pharmacology,and predict the active compounds of Bletilla Striata can be used for treatment of bronchoplumonary inflammation with the effect of regulating to anti-inflammation and tissue repair and remoding.This study theoretically verified the functional utility of Bletilla Striata and provided scientific basis and reference direction for further experimental research.

Compound Planting of Bletilla striata under Forest in the Three Gorges Dam Area

[Objectives] The aim was to study the artificial cultivation of Bletilla striata to realize large scale and standardization planting. [Methods] The comparison tests were conducted on B. striata with different canopy densities of the Magnolia officinalis forests,different compound planting densities and different tending measures and management. [Results] When the stand canopy density was 0. 4-0. 6,the per unit yield of B. striata was 5. 4%,6. 8% higher than that at the canopy density of less than 0. 4 and more than 0. 6,respectively. When the planting density was 30 cm × 30 cm,the per unit yield increased by 16. 1%,12. 0%,13. 1% respectively compared with the planting density of 20 cm × 20 cm,25 cm × 25 cm,35 cm × 35 cm. When B. striata was planted from October to November,the per unit yield was 5. 6% higher than that planted from December to January of the following year,and 21. 3% higher than that from February to March of the second year. When farmyard manure was applied during the cultivation,the per unit yield was 31. 7% and 18. 4% higher than the application of chemical fertilizer and compound fertilizer. When weeding 4 times per year,the per unit yield increased by 240. 1%,137. 0% and 43. 9% respectively from that weeding 1 times,2 times,3 times per year. [Conclusions]When planting B. striata,the stand canopy density of 0. 4-0. 6 could make it receive absolutely shelters and the lighting conditions required for the growth,thereby bringing in high emergence rate,good growth potential and high yield. The best planting effect of B. striata could achieve by planting from October to November with the planting density of 30 cm × 30 cm,which can play the maximum benefit of individual plants. Moreover,weeding 4 times per year combined with the use of farmyard manure can promote the development and growth of tubers,which can greatly improve the yield of B. striata.

基于12个产地的白及冻干片质量标准

基于12个产地的白及(Bletilla striata)药材,探究其冻干片的质量标准。通过鉴别不同产地白及冻干片的一般理化性质,测定总多糖含量、含水量、总灰分含量、二氧化硫残留量、双[4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(Militarine)含量、浸出物含量,对白及冻干片进行质量评价。结果表明,12个产地的白及冻干片总多糖含量为28.2%~50.9%,Militarine含量为5.32%~10.73%,白及冻干片中的总多糖含量、含水量、总灰分含量、浸出物含量和Militarine含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典:四部》(2015)标准。

The utilization of chitosan/Bletilla striata hydrogels to elevate anti-adhesion,anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenesis properties of polypropylene mesh in abdominal wall repair

Polypropylene(PP)mesh is commonly used in abdominal wall repair due to its ability to reduce the risk of organ damage,infections and other complications.However,the PP mesh often leads to adhesion formation and does not promote functional tissue repair.In this study,we synthesized one kind of aldehyde Bletilla striata polysaccharide(BSPA)modified chitosan(CS)hydrogel based on Schiff base reaction.The hydrogel exhibited a porous network structure,a highly hydrophilic surface and good biocompatibility.We wrapped the PP mesh inside the hydrogel and evaluated the performance of the resulting composites in a bilateral 1×1.5cm abdominal wall defect model in rats.The results of gross observation,histological staining and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the positive impact of the CS hydrogel on anti-adhesion and wound healing effects.Notably,the addition of BSPA to the CS hydrogel further improved the performance of the composites in vivo,promoting wound healing by enhancing collagen deposition and capillary rearrangement.This study suggested that the BSPA-modified CS hydrogel significantly promoted the anti-adhesion,anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenesis properties of PP meshes during the healing process.Overall,this work offers a novel approach to the design of abdominal wall repair patches.

Comparative analysis of structural characteristics and cardiomyocyte protective effects of glucomannan extracted from Bletilla striata using varied methods

Doxorubicin(DOX)is a widely employed tumor therapy,yet its substantial toxic side effects pose a considerable challenge.Bletilla striata has demonstrated efficacy in preventing and treating these toxic side effects in clinical practice,with polysaccharides identified as the principal active component.In the present study,16 fractions of B.striata polysaccharides(BsPs)were extracted using diverse methods,including hot-water extraction(HWE),ultrasonic-assisted extraction(UAE),enzyme-assisted extraction(EAE),dilute acid-water extraction(ACWE),and dilute alkali-water extraction(ALWE).These extractions were subsequently precipitated at final ethanol concentrations of 80%and 95%,respectively.The investigation encompassed yields,total carbohydrate content(TCC),total protein content(TPC),preliminary structural properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity.Results indicated that the extraction method significantly influenced the physicochemical properties,associated functional properties,and anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity of BsPs.HWE and UAE yielded higher BsPs quantities.The relative molecular weight(RMW)distribution of BsPs differed notably between HWE or UAE,EAE,ACWE,and ALWE.The RMW of primary BsPs obtained from HWE and UAE(1.9×10^(7)-1.7×10^(7) Da)exceeded that from EAE(7.5×10^(3)-2.8×10^(4) Da)and ALWE(5.1×10^(4)-1.7×10^(4) Da),with smaller molecular weights primarily precipitated by higher ethanol concentrations.BsPs were composed of Man and Glu,with partial fractions containing small amounts of Gal or Ara,displaying varying molar ratios.Notably,BsPs from ACWE exhibited the most significant structural differences,lacking 1,4-α-D-Glcp and a triple-helical structure.Furthermore,BsPs obtained from HWE,UAE,and EAE demonstrated heightened anti-DOX myocardial cytotoxic activity compared to other methods.This study underscored the influence of extraction methods on BsPs’structure and myocardial protective activity,offering a foundation for exploring structural diversity and employing specific extraction methods to extract polysaccharides with robust myocardial protective properties efficiently.

Novel phenanthrene/bibenzyl trimers from the tubers of Bletilla striata attenuate neuroinflammation via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway

Five novel(9,10-dihydro)phenanthrene and bibenzyl trimers,as well as two previously identified biphenanthrenes and bibenzyls,were isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata.Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive analyses of NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data.The absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by calculating rotational energy barriers and comparison of experimental and calculated ECD curves.Compounds 5b and 6 exhibited inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 cells,with IC_(50) values of 12.59±0.40 and 15.59±0.83μmol·L^(-1),respectively.A mechanistic study suggested that these compounds may attenuate neuroinflammation by reducing the activation of the AKT/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.Additionally,compounds 3a,6,and 7 demonstrated significant PTP1B inhibitory activities,with IC_(50) values of 1.52±0.34,1.39±0.11,and 1.78±0.01μmol·L^(-1),respectively.Further investigation revealed that compound 3a might inhibit LPS-induced PTP1B overexpression and NF-κB activation,thereby mitigating the neuroinflammatory response in BV-2 cells.

白芨内生真菌的分离鉴定及其群落结构分析

白芨(Bletilla striata)是我国传统兰科药材之一,具有独特的药用价值,而内生真菌对于植物生长具有重要的影响。选取湖北钟祥、陕西安康2个地区的野生白芨作试材,利用组织分离方法从白芨根部、假鳞茎及叶部分离纯化出24株内生真菌,经形态学和分子鉴定所分离到的内生真菌为镰刀菌属(Fusarium)18株、粉红粘帚霉(Clonostachys rosea)1株、波氏假阿利什霉(Pseudallescheria boydii)2株、刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum)1株、木霉属(Trichoderma)1株、微孢假阿利什霉(Pseudallescheria minutisporum)1株。内生真菌的群落结构分析结果表明,镰刀菌属种类在白芨根部组织中占比66.66%,为优势内生真菌类群;波氏假阿利什霉占比为13.33%,次之;粉红粘帚霉、刺盘孢属、微孢假阿利什霉占比均为6.67%,为常见种。在叶组织中的内生真菌全为镰刀菌属种类,占比100%。在白芨的假鳞茎组织内尖孢镰刀菌属种类为优势菌,占比50.00%。采用高通量测序技术,对钟祥地区白芨根和假鳞茎中内生真菌的优势种群及群落多样性进行分析得到了相似的结果,测序获得的OTU数量:根>假鳞茎,不计未被分类的真菌类群,镰刀菌属真菌是根和假鳞茎内生真菌的最大类群。

Lung protective effects of dietary malate esters derivatives from Bletilla striata against SiO_(2) nanoparticles through activation of Nrf2 pathway

Objective: To study the protective activities of the dietary malate esters derivatives of Bletilla striata against SiO_(2)nanoparticles-induced A549 cell lines and its mechanism action.Methods: The components were isolated and elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as 1D NMR and 2D NMR. And MTT assays was used to tested these components on the A549 cell survival rates and ROS or proteins levels were detected by Western blotting.Results: A new glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate(a malate ester derivative), along with 31 known compounds were isolated and identified from n-BuOH extract of EtOH extract of B. striata. Among them,compounds 3, 4, 11, 12 and 13 possessed noteworthy proliferative effects for damaged cells, with ED50of 14.0, 13.1, 3.7, 11.6 and 11.5 μmol/L, respectively, compared to positive control resveratrol(ED50, 14.7 μmol/L). Militarine(8) prominently inhibited the intracellular ROS level, and increased the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes(HO-1 and γ-GCSc). Furthermore, Nrf2 activation mediates the interventional effects of compound 8 against SiO_(2)nanoparticles(nm SiO_(2))-induced lung injury.Moreover, treatment with compound 8 significantly reduced lung inflammation and oxidative stress in nm SiO_(2)-instilled mice. Molecular docking experiment suggested that 8 bound stably to the HO-1 protein by hydrogen bond interactions.Conclusion: The dietary malate esters derivatives of B. striata could significantly increase the viability of nm SiO_(2)-induced A549 cells and decrease the finer particles-induced cell damages. Militarine is especially promising compound for chemoprevention of lung cancer induced by nm SiO_(2)through activation of Nrf2 pathway.

Baicalin,silver titanate,Bletilla striata polysaccharide and carboxymethyl chitosan in a porous sponge dressing for burn wound healing

Objective This study tests the efficacy of Bletilla striata polysaccharide(BSP),carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC),baicalin(BA)and silver titanate(ST)in a wound dressings to fight infection,promote healing and provide superior biocompatibility.Methods The antibacterial activity of BA and ST was evaluated in vitro using the inhibition zone method.BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were prepared and characterized.The biocompatibility of BA/ST/BSP/CMC was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 assay.The therapeutic effect of BA/ST/BSP/CMC was further investigated using the dorsal skin burn model in Sprague-Dawley rats.Results The wound dressing had good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through BA and ST,while the combination of BSP and CMC played an important role in promoting wound healing.The BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were prepared using a freeze-drying method with the concentrations of BA and ST at 20 and 0.83 mg/mL,respectively,and the optimal ratio of 5%BSP to 4%CMC was 1:3.The average porosity,water absorption and air permeability of BA/ST/BSP/CMC porous sponge dressings were measured to be 90.43%,746.1%and 66.60%,respectively.After treatment for 3 and 7 days,the healing rates of the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group and BA/BSP/CMC group were significantly higher than those of the normal saline(NS)group and silver sulfadiazine(SSD)group(P<0.05).Interleukin-1βexpression in the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group at 1 and 3 days was significantly lower than that in the other three groups(P<0.05).After being treated for 3 days,vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the BA/BSP/CMC group and BA/ST/BSP/CMC group was significantly higher than that in the NS group and SSD group(P<0.05).Inspection of histological sections showed that the BA/ST/BSP/CMC group and BA/BSP/CMC group began to develop scabbing and peeling of damaged skin after 3 days of treatment,indicating accelerated healing relative to the NS group and SSD group.Conclusion The optimized concentration of BA/ST/BSP/CMC dressing was as follows:6 mg BSP,14.4 mg CMC,0.5 mg ST and 12 mg BA.The BA/ST/BSP/CMC dressing,containing antibacterial constituents,was non-cytotoxic and effective in accelerating the healing of burn wounds,making it a promising candidate for wound healing.

中药材白及分子鉴定研究进展

白及(Bletilla striata)的干燥块茎是一味传统的中药,具有较高的药用价值。由于其价格逐步走高,市场上充斥着各种白及混伪品。相对于传统的形态、理化、显微鉴定,分子鉴定较为快速、准确、客观。分子鉴定方法根据生物间的分子特征差异进行鉴定,不受自然环境、生长发育阶段等外部因素影响。本研究综述了分子标记、DNA条形码策略在白及鉴定上的应用:分子标记可鉴定白及及其近源物种,主要涉及ISSR、SCAR、SSR、SNP等标记;采用ITS2序列结合二级结构分析、ITS+ycf1序列可以鉴定白及属内及其他混伪品。本综述旨在为白及分子鉴定方法的深入研究提供有价值的参考和借鉴。

Isolation and characterization of two new 2-isobutylmalates from Bletilla striata

The present study isolated 17 compounds from the tubers of Bletilla striata(Orchidaceae), using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified based on their physical-chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Among them, two new 2-isobutylmalates, named bletimalates A(1) and B(2), together with other fifteen known compounds(3-17), were isolated and identified. Additionally, compounds 3, 4, and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Synthesis of a reduction-sensitive Bletilla striata polysaccharide amphiphilic copolymer

Recently, much special attention has been focused on the development of amphiphilic copolymers.Herein, a reduction-sensitive stearic acid grafted-Bletilla striata polysaccharide copolymer（BSP-ss-SA）was synthesized and characterized. BSP-ss-SA copolymer could spontaneously form micelles with an average particle size of（106 ？ 4.36） nm. Particle sizes were dramatically larger under 10 mmol/L dithiothreitol（DTT） than that in absence of 10 mmol/L DTT. Docetaxel loading content and encapsulation efficiency of micelles were 5.94 wt% and 72.75 wt%, respectively. The docetaxel release rate in vitro in micelles could be remarkably accelerated in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution（PBS） containing 10 mmol/L DTT compared with that of micelles（0 mmol/L DTT）. Furthermore, MTT results demonstrated the anticancer activities in vitro of docetaxel-loaded BSP-ss-SA micelles on HepG2 were superior to that of docetaxel injection. BSP-ss-SA copolymer might be a promising nanocarrier for cancer chemotherapy drugs.

Medicinal Plant of Bletilla striata: A Review of its Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Activities, and Quality Control

Bletilla striata belongs to the family Orchidaceae,and it is mainly distributed in East Asia.The tubers of B.striata have been utilized in Traditional Chinese Medicine for various ailments,such as hematemesis,tuberculosis,malignant ulcers,hemorrhoids,traumatic bleeding,and chapped skin.Phytochemical investigation on B.striata has resulted in the identification of 192 monomeric compounds,including bibenzyls,phenanthrene derivatives,triterpenoids and its saponins,steroids and its saponins,malic acid derivatives,and anthocyanins.Moreover,B.striata polysaccharide is another typical chemical constituent of this plant.Pharmacology studies have shown that the plant possesses wound healing,antimicrobial,anticancer,antioxidative,and antiviral activities.This review aims to provide the latest and comprehensive information on chemical constituents,pharmacological activities,and quality control of B.striata and to identify future research needs.